Actualización de la colección de tipos del herbario MACB, II

CARRASCO, M. A. & MARTÍN-BLANCO, C. J. 2002. Actualización de la colección de Tipos del Herbario MACB. Bot. Complutensis, 26: 59-62. Se actualiza la Colección de Tipos del Herbario MACB, presentando los Typus de siete nombres. Señalamos la categoria de cada Tipo y los herbarios que tienen material tipo de los mismos taxones. Los nuevos Tipos son: 2 Holotypus, 4 Isotypus, 1 Isolectotypus y 2 Sintypus.CARRASCO, M. A. & MARTÍN-BLANCO, C. J. 2002. Update of the MACB type collection, II. Bot. Complutensis, 26: 59-62. In this paper the Type collection of the MACB Herbarium is update. We indicate the category of seven names (Holotypus, Isotypus Isolectotypus or Sintypus), as well as the herbariums with other type specimens of the same taxa. The new Typus are: 2 Holotypus, 4 Isotypus, 1 Isolectotypus and 2 Sintypus

CRIRES-VLT high-resolution spectro-astrometry as a tool in the search of small structures at the cores of Planetary Nebulae

The onset of the asymmetry in planetary nebulae (PNe) occurs during the short transition between the end of the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase and the beginning of the PN phase. Sources in this transition phase are compact and emit intensely in infrared wavelengths, making high spatial resolution observations in the infrared mandatory to investigate the shaping process of PNe. Interferometric VLTI IR observations have revealed compelling evidence of disks at the cores of PNe, but the limited sensitivity, strong observational constraints, and limited spatial coverage place severe limits on the universal use of this technique. Inspired by the successful detection of proto-planetary disks using spectro-astrometric observations, we apply here for the first time this technique to search for sub-arcsecond structures in PNe. Our exploratory study using CRIRES (CRyogenic high-resolution Infra-Red Echelle Spectrograph) commissioning data of the proto-PN IRAS 17516-2525 and the young PN SwSt 1 has revealed small-sized structures after the spectro-astrometric analysis of the two sources. In IRAS 17516-2525, the spectro-astrometric signal has a size of only 12 mas, as detected in the Brackett-gamma line, whereas the structures found in SwSt 1 have sizes of 230 mas in the [Fe III] line and 130 mas in the Brackett-gamma line. The spectroscopic observations required to perform spectro-astrometry of sources in the transition towards the PN phase are less time consuming and much more sensitive than VLTI IR observations. The results presented here open a new window in the search of the small-sized collimating agents that shape the complex morphologies of extremely axisymmetric PNe.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

VISIR-VLT Images of the Water Maser Emitting Planetary Nebula K 3-35

K3-35 is an extremely young bipolar planetary nebula that contains a precessing bipolar jet and a small (radius 80 AU) water maser equatorial ring. We have obtained VISIR- VLT images of K 3-35 in the PAH1 ({\lambda}=8.6 {\mu}m), [S iv] ({\lambda}=10.6 {\mu}m), and SiC ({\lambda}=11.85 {\mu}m) filters to analize the mid-IR morphology and the temperature structure of its dust emission. The images show the innermost nebular regions undetected at optical wavelegths and the precessing bipolar jets. The temperature map shows variations in the temperature in the equatorial zone and in regions associated to its jets.Comment: 2 pages, 2 figures, 283 IAU Symp. Planetary Nebulae an Eye to the Futur

El reto del envejecimiento y la complejidad farmacoterapéutica en el paciente VIH+

Objective: To describe the current knowledge and management of aging and pharmacotherapeutic complexity in HIV + patients. Method: A review of literature was carried out, including articles, originals or reviews, published in English or Spanish, from 2007 to 2017, which analysed the aging and pharmacotherapeutic complexity in HIV + patients. The terms «Polypharmacy»/«Polifarmacia», «Aging»/«Envejecimiento», «Frailty»/«Fragilidad», «Complejidad Farmacotera péutica»/«Medication Regimen Complexity» and «HIV»/«VIH» were combined. The review was carried out independently by two authors. The degree of agreement, according to the Kappa index, was analysed. Results: A total of 208 references were analysed, including, finally, only 68. An aging of the population and an increase in associated comorbidities have been identified, especially over 50 years-old. Immunological changes similar to those that are generated in a non-infected elderly population have been described. These conditions influencing the prescription of antiretroviral treatment, according to studies identified. In parallel, polypharmacy is increasingly present, being defined exclusively by the concomitant use of five drugs. Pharmacotherapeutic complexity, through the Medication Regimen Complexity Index, has begun to analyse and relate to health outcomes. There has been a need to know and apply concepts already known in non-HIV-aged population, such as deprescription, potentially inappropriate medication, cholinergic risk, although few results are available. Conclusions: There is a growing interest to know about the relationship between HIV and aging. Pharmacotherapeutic complexity is beginning to be used as a pharmacotherapeutic follow-up criterion due to its influence on health outcomes. It is necessary to manage and incorporate new concepts that help pharmacotherapeutic optimization in this population

Más plantas interesantes de los volcanes de Ciudad Real (España)

SANTAMARÍA, C., C. J. MARTÍN-BLANCO & M. A. CARRASCO. 2002. Más plantas interesantes de los volcanes de Ciudad Real (España). Bot. Complutensis 26: 47-51. En este trabajo damos noticia de 10 taxones recolectados sobre materiales volcánicos, que son novedades para el catálogo de la flora vascular de Ciudad Real, o están poco representados en la provincia. De ellos, Teucrium spinosum se cita por primera vez en Castilla-La Mancha. Ononis spinosa subsp. spinosa, Crepis foetida subsp. foetida y Senecio sylvaticus son primeras citas en Ciudad Real. Confirmamos la presencia en la provincia de Reichardia picroides, Schismus barbatus y Juncus striatus cuya única referencia hasta ahora era la antigua y poco precisa de Gandoger en Sierra Morena. Por último Scleranthus verticillatus, Vicia lutea subsp. vestita, y Aster squamatus son segundas citas provinciales. Los pliegos de referencia se encuentran depositados en el herbario MACB (Herbario de la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid).SANTAMARÍA, C., C. J. MARTÍN-BLANCO & M. A. CARRASCO. 2002. Some more plants with chorological interest from the volcanic region of Ciudad Real (Spain). Bot. Complutensis 26: 47-51. In this paper we present 10 taxa of vascular plants collected on volcanic soils in Ciudad Real province, Spain. Among them, Teucrium spinosum are the first record in Castilla-La Mancha, Ononis spinosa subsp. spinosa, Crepis foetida subsp. foetida and Senecio sylvaticus are the first provincial records and Scleranthus verticillatus, Vicia lutea subsp. Vestita and Aster squamatus are cited by the second time in Ciudad Real province. Also, we confirm the presence in this province of Reichardia picroides, Schismus barbatus and Juncus striatus, whose only previous reference, dated at the beguining of the last century, are the ancient and imprecise due to Gandoger from Sierra Morena. The sheets that testified this records are kept in the herbarium of Faculty of Biological Sciences of the University Complutense of Madrid (MACB)

Nitric oxide compounds have different effects profiles on human articular chondrocyte metabolism

INTRODUCTION: The pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by the production of high amounts of nitric oxide (NO), as a consequence of up-regulation of chondrocyte-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induced by inflammatory cytokines. NO donors represent a powerful tool for studying the role of NO in the cartilage in vitro. There is no consensus about NO effects on articular cartilage in part because the differences between the NO donors available. The aim of this work is to compare the metabolic profile of traditional and new generation NO donors to see which one points out the osteoarthritic process in the best way. METHODS: Human healthy and OA chondrocytes were isolated from patients undergoing joint replacement surgery, and primary cultured. Cells were stimulated with NO donors (NOC-12 or SNP). NO production was evaluated by the Griess method, and apoptosis was quantified by flow cytometry. Mitochondrial function was evaluated by analysing respiratory chain enzyme complexes, citrate synthase (CS) activities by enzymatic assay, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) by JC-1 using flow cytometry, and ATP levels were measured by luminescence assays. Glucose transport was measured as the uptake of 2-deoxy-[(3)H]glucose (2-[(3)H]DG). Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: NOC-12 liberates approximately ten times more NO2- than SNP, but the level of cell death induced was not as profound as that produced by SNP. Normal articular chondrocytes stimulated with NOC-12 had reduced activity from complexes I, III y IV, and the mitochondrial mass was increased in these cells. Deleterious effects on ΔΨm and ATP levels were more profound with SNP, and this NO donor was able to reduce 2-[(3)H]DG levels. Both NO donors had opposite effects on lactate release, SNP diminished the levels and NOC-12 lead to lactate accumulation. OA chondrocytes incorporate significantly more 2-[(3)H]DG than healthy cells. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the new generation donors, specifically NOC-12, mimic the OA metabolic process much better than SNP. Previous results using SNP have to be considered prudently since most of the effects observed can be induced by the interactions of secondary products of NO.The authors express appreciation to the Department of Orthopedics and the Tissue Bank of the Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña for providing cartilage samples. This study was supported by grants from the Fondo Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain: (CIBER- CB06/01/0040; PI-12/00329; RETIC-RIER-RD12/0009/0018; and Proteo-Red/ISCIII); Ministerio Ciencia e Innovación, Madrid, Spain: PLE2009-0144 and FEDER (European Community).S

El uso de las nuevas tecnologías en la formación continua de los trabajadores en el sector papelero.

La clave del desarrollo industrial radica en que la formación debe desarrollarse a lo largo de toda la vida activa. Sin embargo, aunque esta necesidad de ampliar el acceso es reconocida por todos los actores implicados (institutos especializados en formación y la dirección de las empresas), hasta el momento se han producido escasos progresos debido a la ausencia de programas específicos de detección de necesidades formativas y metodologías concretas en la industria europea (en particular en la industria de la pasta y el papel). Movilidad, aprendizaje continuo y el uso de nuevos instrumentos tecnológicos obligan a alcanzar un mayor desarrollo de las cualificaciones laborales no sólo durante su etapa escolar sino a lo largo de la vida activa. Hoy día, aparecen nuevos campos de conocimiento en tecnología papelera que deben ser renovados en periodos de tiempo cada vez menores. Ciertos se definen en términos de conocimientos fundamentales (idiomas, informática, economía, etc.) y técnicos o profesionales (contabilidad, calidad, medio ambiente, etc.). El uso de nuevas herramientas formativas con capacidad de renovación (como los CD-Rom o la formación interactiva por Internet) permitirá una inmediata mejora de las cualificaciones de los empleados, en contraste con los diplomas que pierden su valor con el paso del tiempo.The key point is that access to training should be developed throughout life. While the need for such access is recognised by everybody, specialised institutes and the business sector alike, until now, there has been little progress in this area due to the absence of specific detection programmes and methodologies in the European chemistry industry (specially in the pulp and paper industry). Mobility, lifelong learning and the use of new technological instruments. It is necessary to achieve a higher develop of personal skills not only during the compulsory schooling but also through the working life. In these days, emerging particular knowledge fields in paper technology, production systems or business culture that should be renewal in periods of time that become shorter each time. Some of them are defined in terms of fundamental (languages, maths, law, computers, economics, etc.) or technical or vocational (accounting, quality, environment, etc.) knowledge. The use of new training tools easily renewable as the CD-ROM, Internet,... could allow an immediate improvement of people’s qualifications throughout their lives, in contrast to diplomas which lose their values as years go by

Desarrollo, seguimiento y evaluación de la formación especializada en el modelo troncal.

La implantación de la troncalidad en la formación sanitaria especializada en España es el cambio más profundo y complejo que se introduce en la regulación del sistema de formación especializada desde el año 1978. Este hecho hace imprescindible la puesta en marcha de un conjunto de elementos estructurales, organizativos y de acción dirigidos específicamente a garantizar que el proceso se implante siguiendo las premisas y calendarios previstos en las disposiciones legales que le dan soporte y de acuerdo con conceptos y evidencias científicamente fundados y que traduzcan también la experiencia acumulada en España y otros países en relación con estos temas

Antioxidant capacity of different cheeses: Affecting factors and prediction by near infrared spectroscopy

In this study, we analyzed antioxidant capacity of 224 cheese samples prepared using 16 varied mixtures of milk from cows, ewes, and goats, in 2 manufacturing seasons (winter and summer), and over 6 mo of ripening. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated using the spectrophotometric 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylenebenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) method. Total antioxidant capacity was significantly correlated with season of manufacturing and time of ripening but not with animal species providing the milk. Moreover, statistically significant correlations between the total antioxidant capacity and retinol (r = 0.399), fat percentage (r = 0.308), protein percentage (r = 0.366), K (r = 0.385), Mg (r = 0.312), Na (r = 0.432), and P (0.272) were observed. We evaluated the use of near infrared spectroscopy technology, together with the use of a remote reflectance fiber-optic probe, to predict the antioxidant capacity of cheese samples. The model generated allowed us to predict antioxidant capacity in unknown cheeses of different compositions and ripening times.Junta de Castilla y León SA1390