79 research outputs found
Fatigue delamination behaviour of unidirectional carbon fibre/epoxy laminates reinforced by Z-Fiber® pinnin
-Pin reinforced carbon-fibre epoxy laminates were tested under Mode I and Mode
II conditions, both quasi-statically and in fatigue. Test procedures were
adapted from existing standard or pre-standard tests. Samples containing 2% and
4% areal densities of carbon-fibre Z-pins (0.28mm diameter) were compared with
unpinned laminates. Quasi-static tests under displacement control yielded a
dramatic increase of the apparent delamination resistance. Specimens with 2% pin
density failed in Mode I at loads 170N, equivalent to an apparent GIC of 2kJ/m2.
Fatigue testing under load control showed that the presence of the through-
thickness reinforcement slowed down fatigue delamination propagation
Active Based-Metasurfaces for Mid-Infrared Optoelectronics Devices
We develop low-temperature (450°C) deposition conditions for vanadium di-oxide phase change material. It permits implementation of tunable mid-infrared meta-surfaces on quantum cascade lasers based heterostructures
Prioritization of fish communities with a view to conservation and restoration on a large scale European basin, the Loire (France)
The hierarchical organization of important sites for the conservation or the
restoration of fish communities is a great challenge for managers, especially because of
financial or time constraints. In this perspective, we developed a methodology, which is
easy to implement in different locations. Based on the fish assemblage characteristics of
the Loire basin (France), we created a synthetic conservation value index including the
rarity, the conservation status and the species origin. The relationship between this new
synthetic index and the Fish-Based Index allowed us to establish a classification protocol
of the sites along the Loire including fish assemblages to be restored or conserved. Sites
presenting disturbed fish assemblages, a low rarity index, few threatened species, and a
high proportion of non-native species were considered as important for the restoration of
fish biodiversity. These sites were found mainly in areas where the assemblages are
typical of the bream zone, e.g. with a higher number of eurytopic and limnophilic
species. On the contrary, important sites for conservation were defined as having an
important conservation potential (high RI, a lot of threatened species, and few nonnatives
fish species) and an undisturbed fish assemblage similar to the expected community
if habitats are undisturbed. Important sites for conservation were found in the
Loire basin’s medium reaches which host assemblages typical for the grayling and the
barbell zones, e.g. with a higher number of rheophilic species. The synthetic conservation value index could be adapted and completed with other criteria according to
management priorities and capacities
Assessing the conservation value of waterbodies: the example of the Loire floodplain (France)
In recent decades, two of the main management tools used to stem biodiversity erosion have been biodiversity monitoring and the conservation of natural areas. However, socio-economic pressure means that it is not usually possible to preserve the entire landscape, and so the rational prioritisation of sites has become a crucial issue. In this context, and because floodplains are one of the most threatened ecosystems, we propose a statistical strategy for evaluating conservation value, and used it to prioritise 46 waterbodies in the Loire floodplain (France). We began by determining a synthetic conservation index of fish communities (Q) for each waterbody. This synthetic index includes a conservation status index, an origin index, a rarity index and a richness index. We divided the waterbodies into 6 clusters with distinct structures of the basic indices. One of these clusters, with high Q median value, indicated that 4 waterbodies are important for fish biodiversity conservation. Conversely, two clusters with low Q median values included 11 waterbodies where restoration is called for. The results picked out high connectivity levels and low abundance of aquatic vegetation as the two main environmental characteristics of waterbodies with high conservation value. In addition, assessing the biodiversity and conservation value of
territories using our multi-index approach plus an a posteriori hierarchical classification methodology reveals two major interests: (i) a possible geographical extension and (ii) a multi-taxa adaptation
Are Amphipod invaders a threat to the regional biodiversity? Conservation prospects for the Loire River
The impact of invasions on local biodiversity is well established, but their impact on regional biodiversity has so far been only sketchily documented. To address this question, we studied the impact at various observation scales (ranging from the microhabitat to the whole catchment) of successive arrivals of non-native amphipods on the amphipod assemblage of the Loire River basin in France. Amphipod assemblages were studied at 225 sites covering the whole Loire catchment. Non-native species were dominant at all sites in the main channel of the Loire River, but native species were still present at most of the sites. We found that the invaders have failed to colonize most of tributaries of the Loire River. At the regional scale, we found that since the invaders first arrived 25 years ago, the global amphipod diversity has increased by 33% (from 8 to 12 species) due to the arrival of non-native species. We discuss the possibility that the lack of any loss of biodiversity may be directly linked to the presence of refuges at the microhabitat scale in the Loire channel and in the tributaries, which invasive species have been unable to colonize. The restoration of river quality could
increase the number of refuges for native species, thus
reducing the impact of invader
Comparative ecology of the European eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.1758), in a large Iberian river
A total of 1,816 eels were sampled in
1988, from seven sampling areas. Four areas were
located in brackish water and the remaining three
were located in freshwater reaches of the
Tagus river basin. Eels were more abundant in
the middle estuary and decreased both in the
upstream and in the downstream directions, with
a predominance of males in higher density areas.
Smaller individuals preferred more peripheral areas, such as margins and upper reaches in the
brackish water zone, and the tributaries of the
freshwater habitats. It was assumed that this
distribution pattern resulted from three main
factors: (i) the dominance of larger specimens;
(ii) the need to avoid predators and; (iii) the
search for better trophic conditions. The condition
of the individuals generally decreased toward
the upper reaches, apparently due to a corresponding
decrease in feeding intensity. The presence
of the Belver dam in the main river, 158 km
upstream from the sea, seemed to impose major
alterations to the described patterns. The concentration
of specimens below this impassable
obstacle yielded a reduction in the proportion of
females and a decrease in the condition and
survival of the eels, contributing to a reduction in
the spawning success of this population. Suggestions
to diminish the effects of the dam, and to
preserve the fishery are also presente
Effective monitoring of freshwater fish
Freshwater ecosystems constitute only a small fraction of the planet’s water resources, yet support much of its diversity, with freshwater fish accounting for more species than birds, mammals, amphibians, or reptiles. Fresh waters are, however, particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts, including habitat loss, climate and land use change, nutrient enrichment, and biological invasions. This environmental degradation, combined with unprecedented rates of biodiversity change, highlights the importance of robust and replicable programmes to monitor freshwater fish assemblages. Such monitoring programmes can have diverse aims, including confirming the presence of a single species (e.g. early detection of alien species), tracking changes in the abundance of threatened species, or documenting long-term temporal changes in entire communities. Irrespective of their motivation, monitoring programmes are only fit for purpose if they have clearly articulated aims and collect data that can meet those aims. This review, therefore, highlights the importance of identifying the key aims in monitoring programmes, and outlines the different methods of sampling freshwater fish that can be used to meet these aims. We emphasise that investigators must address issues around sampling design, statistical power, species’ detectability, taxonomy, and ethics in their monitoring programmes. Additionally, programmes must ensure that high-quality monitoring data are properly curated and deposited in repositories that will endure. Through fostering improved practice in freshwater fish monitoring, this review aims to help programmes improve understanding of the processes that shape the Earth's freshwater ecosystems, and help protect these systems in face of rapid environmental change
A synthesis of the ecological processes influencing variation in life history and movement patterns of American eel: towards a global assessment
UN OUTIL D’AIDE Á LA GESTION DE L’ANGUILLE : LE TABLEAU DE BORD ANGUILLLE DU BASSIN LOIRE
L’anguille européenne (Anguilla anguilla, L.) est longtemps apparue comme une espèce commune, représentant une composante majeure des milieux littoraux et des eaux continentales. La prise de conscience de la diminution de son abondance est réelle et engendre l’émergence de processus de gestion. Ce constat situe l’enjeu du Tableau de Bord Anguille du Bassin Loire mis en place en avril 2002 sous l’égide du COmité de GEstion des POissons MIgrateurs du Bassin de la Loire, des Côtiers Vendéens et de la Sèvre Niortaise. Son objectif in fine est de contribuer à une gestion et à un développement durable de l’espèce et de ses habitats. Il vise à surveiller les caractéristiques des stocks locaux présents et des habitats disponibles au moyen d’une collecte régulière et objective de données synthétisées sous forme d’indicateurs de population et de milieu. Le concept, le fonctionnement actuel et les applications de ce tableau de bord sont ici présentés
UN OUTIL D’AIDE Á LA GESTION DE L’ANGUILLE : LE TABLEAU DE BORD ANGUILLLE DU BASSIN LOIRE
L’anguille européenne (Anguilla anguilla, L.) est longtemps apparue comme une espèce commune, représentant une composante majeure des milieux littoraux et des eaux continentales. La prise de conscience de la diminution de son abondance est réelle et engendre l’émergence de processus de gestion. Ce constat situe l’enjeu du Tableau de Bord Anguille du Bassin Loire mis en place en avril 2002 sous l’égide du COmité de GEstion des POissons MIgrateurs du Bassin de la Loire, des Côtiers Vendéens et de la Sèvre Niortaise. Son objectif in fine est de contribuer à une gestion et à un développement durable de l’espèce et de ses habitats. Il vise à surveiller les caractéristiques des stocks locaux présents et des habitats disponibles au moyen d’une collecte régulière et objective de données synthétisées sous forme d’indicateurs de population et de milieu. Le concept, le fonctionnement actuel et les applications de ce tableau de bord sont ici présentés
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