Genotypic variability in radial resistance to water flow in olive roots and its response to temperature variations

As radial root resistance (Rp) represents one of the key components of the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum resistance catena modulating water transport, understanding its control is essential for physiologists, modelers and breeders. Reports of Rp, however, are still scarce and scattered in the scientific literature. In this study, we assessed genetic variability in Rp and its dependence on temperature in five widely used olive cultivars. In a first experiment, cultivar differences in Rp at 25 °C were evaluated from flow–pressure measurements in excised roots and subsequent analysis of root traits. In a second experiment, similar determinations were performed continually over a 5-h period in which temperature was gradually increased from 12 to 32 °C, enabling the assessment of Rp response to changing temperature. Despite some variability, our results did not show statistical differences in Rp among cultivars in the first experiment. In the second, cultivar differences in Rp were not significant at 12 °C, but they became so as temperature increased. Furthermore, the changes in Rp between 12 and 32 °C were higher than those expected by the temperature-driven decrease in water viscosity, with the degree of that change differing among cultivars. Also, Rp at 25 °C reached momentarily in the second experiment was consistently higher than in the first at that same, but fixed, temperature. Overall, our results suggest that there is limited variability in Rp among the studied cultivars when plants have been exposed to a given temperature for sufficient time. Temperature-induced variation in Rp might thus be partly explained by changes in membrane permeability that occur slowly, which explains why our values at 25 °C differed between experiments. The observed cultivar differences in Rp with warming also indicate faster acclimation of Rp to temperature changes in some cultivars than others.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Histological Study of Glandular Variability in the Skin of the Natterjack Toad-Epidalea calamita (Laurenti, 1768)-Used in Spanish Historical Ethnoveterinary Medicine and Ethnomedicine

Simple Summary Common toads, including the natterjack toad (Epidalea calamita), have been used since ancient times for remedies, and thus constitute excellent biological material for pharmacological and natural product research. After a previous analysis of the historical-folk therapeutic use of amphibians in Spain, a histological study was carried out to provide a complementary ethnopharmacological view through the analysis of the integumentary heterogeneity of the serous (venom) and mucous glands from two adult specimens. Plastic-embedded semi-thin sections showed that serous/venom glands are cytologically homogeneous in spite of their genetic and biochemical complexity, leading to a cocktail that remains stored until extrusion. On the contrary, mucous glands, working continuously, show a more complex cytological variation and regional heterogeneity, which suggests an adaptive variability, leading to an invisible topographic map of skin toxicity. Natterjack toad-based folk remedies are usually extracted from the whole animal as a therapeutic unit in ethnoveterinary practice. However, a new ethnopharmacological vision could emerge from the study of tegumentary regional variation. Common toads have been used since ancient times for remedies and thus constitute excellent biological material for pharmacological and natural product research. According to the results of a previous analysis of the therapeutic use of amphibians in Spain, we decided to carry out a histological study that provides a complementary view of their ethnopharmacology, through the natterjack toad (Epidalea calamita). This species possesses a characteristic integument, where the parotoid glands stand out, and it has been used in different ethnoveterinary and ethnomedical practices. This histological study of their glandular variability allow us to understand the stages through which the animal synthesises and stores a heterogeneous glandular content according to the areas of the body and the functional moment of the glands. To study tegumentary cytology, a high-resolution, plastic embedding, semi-thin (1 micron) section method was applied. Up to 20 skin patches sampled from the dorsal and ventral sides were processed from the two adult specimens collected, which were roadkill. Serous/venom glands display a genetic and biochemical complexity, leading to a cocktail that remains stored (and perhaps changes over time) until extrusion, but mucous glands, working continuously to produce a surface protection layer, also produce a set of active protein (and other) substances that dissolve into mucous material, making a biologically active covering. This study provides a better understanding of the use of traditional remedies in ethnoveterinary medicine

direct and maternal genetic effects for body weight and price of calves sold for veal production

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Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad: Ritmo Circanual en el Mes de Nacimiento

Estudiamos la existencia de ritmo circanual en el mes de nacimiento en participantes con trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) y analizamos la asociación entre meses de nacimiento y TDAH. La muestra incluye 10978 participantes (1778 TDAH / 9200 no TDAH), entre 3 y 18 años, reclutados mediante muestreo consecutivo de primeras consultas atendidas en salud mental entre 1992 y 2021. Los participantes con TDAH presentan un ritmo circanual significativo en los meses de nacimiento, con una acrofase en octubre. Nacer en el último cuatrimestre del año incrementa significativamente la probabilidad de ser diagnosticado TDAH, controlando el efecto de sexo y edad. Con el transcurso de los meses del año, existe una tendencia lineal creciente significativa de ser diagnosticado de TDAH, no observada en población general, ni en casos sin TDAH. Es necesario tener precaución en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de los niños nacidos en los últimos meses del año, que, por su mayor inmadurez en comparación con los demás niños de la clase, pudieran ser diagnosticados y tratados erróneamente como TDAHAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Circannual Rhythm in the Month of Birth. We studied the existence of circanual rhythm in the month of birth in participants with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and analyzed the association between months of birth and ADHD. We analyzed 10,978 participants (1,778 ADHD/9,200 non-ADHD), aged 3 to 18 years. A consecutive sample of first visits to mental health between 1992 and 2021 is used. Participants with ADHD exhibit a significant circannual rhythm in the months of birth, with an acrophase in October. Being born in the last quarter of the year significantly increases the probability of being diagnosed with ADHD, controlling for the effect of sex and age. As the months of the year go by, there is a significant increasing linear trend of being diagnosed with ADHD, which is not observed neither in general population nor in cases without ADHD. Caution is necessary in diagnosis and treatment of children born in the last months of year, who, due to their greater immaturity compared to the other children in class, could be misdiagnosed and treated as ADH

Calculation of a cow culling merit index including specific heterosis in a multibreed dairy population

Abstract. The objective of this study was to compare two models for the estimation of producing values (EPV) for lactation yields of milk, fat and protein, and calving interval (CI), which were combined in an index called the Cow Culling Merit Index (CMI), in Irish dairy cattle. Data comprised 188 927 records for production and 157 117 records for CI, collected on North American Holstein Friesian (HO), Friesian (FR), Jersey (JE), and Montbéliarde (MO) pure breeds, and some of their crosses. Cows calved from 2002 to 2006 and were from parities 1 to 5. Coefficients of specific heterosis for HO×FR, HO×JE, and HO×MO were calculated for each cow from parental breed information. The coefficient of general heterosis (GH) for each cow was obtained as the sum of the specific coefficients previously estimated. Model 1 included fixed effects of contemporary group, age at calving within parity, linear regression on gene proportions for FR, JE, and MO, and linear regression on the coefficient of expected GH. Additive genetic, permanent environmental, and error were random effects. Model 2 was based on Model 1 but GH was replaced by linear regressions on coefficients of expected specific heterosis for HO×FR, HO×JE, and HO×MO. Estimated producing values were calculated as the sum of estimated breeding value, permanent environmental and heterosis effects. The inclusion of coefficients of specific heterosis in the model did not produce re-ranking of animals but important differences in EPVs were observed in crossbred cows. These changes are important if EPVs are used to develop a culling merit index

Cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de prevención secundaria de enfermedad coronaria en pacientes sometidos a revascularización coronaria percutánea en el Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá

Marco de referenciadiferentes ensayos clínicos han mostrado que el efecto de las revascularizaciones y los procedimientos de angioplastia en el pronóstico del paciente, tiene sólo un efecto a corto plazo, mientras que la prevención secundaria (cambio de estilo de vida y tratamiento intensivo) mejora el pronóstico a largo plazo.Objetivoevaluar el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones para prevención cardiovascular secundaria, de los pacientes sometidos a revascularización coronaria percutánea en el hospital universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, entre los años 2008 y 2010.Materiales y métodosestudio descriptivo, ambispectivo, cuya población estuvo conformada por 332 pacientes sometidos a intervención coronaria percutánea atendidos entre enero de 2008 a diciembre de 2010 en el servicio de hemodinamia del Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá. La recolección de la información se realizó mediante revisión de las historias clínicas de los pacientes y vía telefónica. Las metas de control se basaron en las recomendaciones de la Asociación Americana del Corazón y el Colegio Americano de Cardiología.Resultados332 pacientes fueron sometidos a revascularización coronaria percutánea y 4 fueron excluidos del estudio por falta de datos. La presentación clínica más frecuente fue la angina inestable (32,93%). Sólo se contactaron 172 (52,43%) pacientes, de los cuales 77,4% eran hombres y 22,6% mujeres. Únicamente 6 (3,5%) cumplían con el 100% de las recomendaciones para la prevención secundaria de enfermedad coronaria y 17% cumplía menos del 50% de éstas.Conclusionesla experiencia en la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá muestra un pobre cumplimiento de las metas de prevención secundaria de enfermedad coronaria.Contextdifferent clinical trials have shown that the effect of revascularization and angioplasty procedures in the prognosis of the patient has only a short-term effect, while secondary prevention (lifestyle change and intensive treatment) improves long-term prognosis.Objectiveto assess compliance with the recommendations for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary revascularization at the University Hospital Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, between 2008 and 2010.Materials and methodsa descriptive ambispective study, whose population was conformed by 332 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention seen between January 2008 and December 2010 in the service of hemodynamics of the University Hospital Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá. The data collection was conducted by reviewing the medical records of the patients and by telephone. Control targets were based on the recommendations of the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology.Results332 patients underwent percutaneous coronary revascularization. 4 were excluded from the study due to lack of data. The most common clinical presentation was unstable angina (32.93%). Only 172 patients (52.43%) were contacted. From these, 77.4% were male and 22.6% female. Only 6 (3.5%) met 100% of the recommendations for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and 17% met less than 50% of these recommendations.Conclusionsthe experience in the Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá shows a poor compliance with the goals of secondary prevention of coronary disease

Parámetros genéticos para producción de leche de ganado Holstein en dos modalidades de control de producción

Variance components and genetic parameters were estimated for total milk production at first lactation (MP1), milkyield adjusted to 305 d and adult equivalent at the first lactation (MP1std), total milk production of the first fivelactations (MP5) and milk yield adjusted to 305 d and mature equivalent of the first five lactations (MP5std). Thedatabases of the Mexican Holstein Association (MHA, n= 43,668) and of the National Bank of Dairy Information(NBDI, n= 120,217) were used. Variances were estimated by REML, using a simple animal model for MP1 and MP1stdand a repeatability animal model for MP5 and MP5std. Heritability estimates ranged from low to moderate for thefirst lactation (0.17 ± 0.009 to 0.49 ± 0.019) and for the first five lactations (0.16 ± 0.006 to 0.41 ± 0.004). Therepeatabilities for MP5 and MP5std ranged from 0.32 ± 0.002 to 0.41 ± 0.004. The inclusion of information of theNBDI on the national evaluations made possible the incorporation of production data that had not been taken intoconsideration before. This inclusion not only improved the accuracy of sire breeding values   for milk production, butalso allowed the prediction of breeding values of more foreign and domestic animals with progeny in Mexico.Se estimaron componentes de varianza y parámetros genéticos para producción de leche total a la primera lactancia (PL1), producción de leche ajustada a 305 días y a equivalente adulto de la primera lactancia (PL1std), producción de leche total de las cinco primeras lactancias (PL5) y producción de leche ajustada a 305 días y a equivalente adulto de las primeras 5 lactancias (PL5std). Se utilizaron las bases de datos de la Asociación Holstein de México (AHM; n= 43,668) y del Banco Nacional de Información Lechera (BNIL; n= 120,217). Las varianzas fueron estimadas mediante REML, utilizando un modelo animal simple para PL1 y PL1std y un modelo animal de repetibilidad para PL5 y PL5std. Las heredabilidades estimadas fueron desde bajas a moderadas para la primera lactancia (0.17 ± 0.009 a 0.49 ± 0.019) y para las primeras cinco lactancias (0.16 ± 0.006 a 0.41 ± 0.004). Las repetibilidades para PL5 y PL5std tuvieron un rango de 0.32 ± 0.002 a 0.41 ± 0.004. La inclusión de la información del BNIL en las evaluaciones genéticas permitió incorporar datos de producción que no se estaban tomando en cuenta. Esto no solamente mejoró la precisión de los valores genéticos de los sementales para producción de leche, sino que también permitió la predicción de los valores genéticos de animales nacionales y extranjeros con progenies en México

Parámetros genéticos para producción de leche de ganado Holstein en dos modalidades de control de producción

Variance components and genetic parameters were estimated for total milk production at first lactation (MP1), milkyield adjusted to 305 d and adult equivalent at the first lactation (MP1std), total milk production of the first fivelactations (MP5) and milk yield adjusted to 305 d and mature equivalent of the first five lactations (MP5std). Thedatabases of the Mexican Holstein Association (MHA, n= 43,668) and of the National Bank of Dairy Information(NBDI, n= 120,217) were used. Variances were estimated by REML, using a simple animal model for MP1 and MP1stdand a repeatability animal model for MP5 and MP5std. Heritability estimates ranged from low to moderate for thefirst lactation (0.17 ± 0.009 to 0.49 ± 0.019) and for the first five lactations (0.16 ± 0.006 to 0.41 ± 0.004). Therepeatabilities for MP5 and MP5std ranged from 0.32 ± 0.002 to 0.41 ± 0.004. The inclusion of information of theNBDI on the national evaluations made possible the incorporation of production data that had not been taken intoconsideration before. This inclusion not only improved the accuracy of sire breeding values   for milk production, butalso allowed the prediction of breeding values of more foreign and domestic animals with progeny in Mexico.Se estimaron componentes de varianza y parámetros genéticos para producción de leche total a la primera lactancia (PL1), producción de leche ajustada a 305 días y a equivalente adulto de la primera lactancia (PL1std), producción de leche total de las cinco primeras lactancias (PL5) y producción de leche ajustada a 305 días y a equivalente adulto de las primeras 5 lactancias (PL5std). Se utilizaron las bases de datos de la Asociación Holstein de México (AHM; n= 43,668) y del Banco Nacional de Información Lechera (BNIL; n= 120,217). Las varianzas fueron estimadas mediante REML, utilizando un modelo animal simple para PL1 y PL1std y un modelo animal de repetibilidad para PL5 y PL5std. Las heredabilidades estimadas fueron desde bajas a moderadas para la primera lactancia (0.17 ± 0.009 a 0.49 ± 0.019) y para las primeras cinco lactancias (0.16 ± 0.006 a 0.41 ± 0.004). Las repetibilidades para PL5 y PL5std tuvieron un rango de 0.32 ± 0.002 a 0.41 ± 0.004. La inclusión de la información del BNIL en las evaluaciones genéticas permitió incorporar datos de producción que no se estaban tomando en cuenta. Esto no solamente mejoró la precisión de los valores genéticos de los sementales para producción de leche, sino que también permitió la predicción de los valores genéticos de animales nacionales y extranjeros con progenies en México

Drainage of the hepatic cyst by laparoscopy - clinical case

Liver cysts are formations of serous content surrounded by normal liver parenchyma, without communication with the bile duct. The cyst wall is generally lined with cuboidal epithelium surrounded by layers of connective tissue. They are rare entities in adult patients, generally, they are asymptomatic in 3%, and between 10-15% of all patients will generate symptoms that lead them to consult. A 38-year-old man with an external abdominal tomography study that reported a giant hepatic cyst. Laboratory blood tests: hemoglobin 7.9 g/dl; leukocytosis 11,000/ul; serum electrolytes, liver transaminases, and bilirubin were normal, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma glutamyl-transpeptidase 94 U/l and 241 U/l, respectively. Non-reactive anti-human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV 1) and two antibodies, venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL), cancer antigen (CA) 19-9 antigen, hepatitis B-C surface antigen, and carcinoembryonic antigen were negative. He underwent surgery by laparoscopic drainage of the liver cyst, through a median infraumbilical incision with the Hasson technique and placement of three 12 mm trocars, hepatomegaly was observed without finding an exit site for purulent material, it was punctured through liver segment V, and 2000 ml of citrine fluid was extracted. The hepatic wound is addressed with a 1-0 caliber chromic catgut thread, placing a Penrose-type drain. At 48 hours postoperatively, it evolves favorably, so it is decided to discharge. Hepatic cysts are fluid-filled cavities lined by a single-layered cuboidal or columnar biliary epithelium in the liver. A majority of hepatic cysts are found incidentally on liver imaging, such as abdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging

Does Size Matters? Relationships among Social Dominance and Some Morphometric Traits upon Out-of-Season Reproductive Outcomes in Anestrus Dairy Goats Treated with P4 + eCG

The possible role of the social rank (R) (i.e., low-LSR, middle-MSR, or high-HSR) in anestrus goats exposed to a P4 + eCG (D) (i.e., 100 or 350 IU) estrus induction protocol (EIP) was evaluated. Goats (Alpine-Saanen-Nubian × Criollo; n = 70; 25° North) managed under stall-fed conditions were all ultrasound evaluated to confirm anestrous status, while the social rank was determined 30 d prior to the EIP. The response variables included estrus induction (EI, %), duration of estrus (DUR, h), ovulation rate (OR, n), live weight (LW, kg), thoracic perimeter (TP, cm), thoracic diameter (TD, cm), body length (BL, cm), height at withers (HW, cm), beard length (BEA, cm), compactness index (COM, cm), and anamorphosis index (ANA, cm), as affected by R, D, and the R × D interaction were evaluated, while the correlation coefficients among reproductive and morphometric variables were quantified. An R × D interaction (p 0.05) with any response variable, either reproductive or morphometric. As expected, LW had high correlation coefficients (p < 0.01) with TP (0.86), TD (0.88), BL (0.82), HW (0.75), BEA (0.51), COM (0.97), and ANA (0.75). In general, the morphometric variables as a whole demonstrated important correlation coefficients among them (p < 0.01), ranging from 0.38 up to 0.84. To estimate the importance of the morphometric differences between social rank upon estrus induction, a principal component (PC) analysis was performed based on the correlation matrix derived from the corporal measurements. The PC1 and PC2 explained 70.3% and 17.6% of the morphometric variation, respectively. The PC1 was a measure of the goat size (i.e., small, medium, large) and its association with estrus occurrence was evaluated using a logistic regression model; the bigger the goat, the increased probability of being in estrus, by up to five times compared to small goats. Our results confirm that the higher social ranked, larger goats amalgamated some fundamental factors to be successful: aggressiveness, primacy to food access, augmented live weight, and corporal size; all of these were able to modulate out-of-season reproductive success in crossbred dairy goats subjected to an estrus induction protocol and managed under stall-fed conditions in Northern Mexico