The effect of poloxamer viscosity on liquid-filling of solid dispersions in hard gelatin capsules

We prove that topologically conjugate non-renormalizable polynomials are quasi-conformally conjugate. From this we derive that each such polynomial can be approximated by a hyperbolic polynomial. As a by-product we prove that the Julia set of a non-renormalizable polynomial with only hyperbolic periodic points is locally connected, and the Branner-Hubbard conjecture. The main tools are the enhanced nest construction (developed in a previous joint paper with [Rigidity for real polynomials, Ann. of Math. (2) 165 (2007) 749-841.]) and a lemma of Kahn and Lyubich (for which we give an elementary proof in the real case)

Introduction of a Theoretical Splashing Degree to Assess the Performance of Low-Viscosity Oils in Filling of Capsules

These days an alternative to soft capsules is liquid-filled hard capsules. Their filling technology was investigated earlier with highly viscous formulations, while hardly any academic research focused on low-viscosity systems. Accordingly, this work addressed the filling of such oils that are splashing during the dosing process. It was aimed to first study capsule filling, using middle-chain triglycerides as reference oil, in order to then evaluate the concept of a new theoretical splashing degree for different oils. A laboratory-scale filling machine was used that included capsule sealing. Thus, the liquid encapsulation by microspray technology was employed to seal the dosage form. As a result of the study with reference oil, the filling volume and the temperature were found to be significant for the rate of leaking capsules. The filling volume was also important for weight variability of the capsules. However, most critical for this variability was the diameter of the filling nozzle. We proposed a power law for the coefficient of weight variability as a function of the nozzle diameter and the obtained exponent agreed with the proposed theory. Subsequently, a comparison of different oils revealed that the relative splashing degree shared a correlation with the coefficient of the capsule weight variability (Pearson product moment correlation of r = 0.990). The novel theoretical concept was therefore found to be predictive for weight variability of the filled capsules. Finally, guidance was provided for the process development of liquid-filled capsules using low-viscosity oils

Taxane formulations: From plant to clinic

Taxanes including paclitaxel and docetaxel are highly active against many types of cancers. The main obstacle with developing delivery systems of taxanes is their poor water solubility. In this chapter, taxanes were reviewed in terms of their pharmacology, solubility and stability using traditional formulations such as those based on using Cremophor EL and novel nanocarrier-based formulations including liposome, nanoparticle and polymeric micelle delivery systems. Commercially available formulations of paclitaxel such as Taxol, Abraxane and Genexol-PM were highlighted.Scopu