Pengaruh Main Entrance Terhadap Aksesibilitas Pengunjung Rumah Sakit Studi Kasus: Koridor Jl. Dr. Soetomo Dan Jl. Kariadi Semarang

. RSUP1 Dr. Kariadi Semarang serves as a general hospital for the regional of Jawa Tengah. The hospital environment, as public facility, provides health care and intensive care for society. Kariadi Street and Dr.Soetomo Street are the major road that can access RSUP1 Dr.Kariadi environment. In year 2010, there was an increase volume of health services and function program that carried out by hospital. Therefore, main entrance is designed based on the bay system that could accommodate 2-3 cars. By the existence of main entrance on Kariadi Street, it could attract the street vendors to set up a tent on the pedestrian ways. On the otherhand, at Dr.Soetomo corridor, there are taxi stands around the main entrance to accomodate the passengers.Main entrance has been predicted has an influence the accessibility of visitors to the hospital environment. The result of this research is there are some influences and relations between main entrance to the hospital visitors' accessibility. There are no significant differences between the visitors' accessibility of main entrance group on Dr. Soetomo Street and Kariadi Street. There is an additional of health service function which will increase the number of visitors of Dr. Kariadi Hospital either in or out at the main entrance

Differential Gene Expression in Liver, Gill, and Olfactory Rosettes of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) After Acclimation to Salinity.

Most Pacific salmonids undergo smoltification and transition from freshwater to saltwater, making various adjustments in metabolism, catabolism, osmotic, and ion regulation. The molecular mechanisms underlying this transition are largely unknown. In the present study, we acclimated coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) to four different salinities and assessed gene expression through microarray analysis of gills, liver, and olfactory rosettes. Gills are involved in osmotic regulation, liver plays a role in energetics, and olfactory rosettes are involved in behavior. Between all salinity treatments, liver had the highest number of differentially expressed genes at 1616, gills had 1074, and olfactory rosettes had 924, using a 1.5-fold cutoff and a false discovery rate of 0.5. Higher responsiveness of liver to metabolic changes after salinity acclimation to provide energy for other osmoregulatory tissues such as the gills may explain the differences in number of differentially expressed genes. Differentially expressed genes were tissue- and salinity-dependent. There were no known genes differentially expressed that were common to all salinity treatments and all tissues. Gene ontology term analysis revealed biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular components that were significantly affected by salinity, a majority of which were tissue-dependent. For liver, oxygen binding and transport terms were highlighted. For gills, muscle, and cytoskeleton-related terms predominated and for olfactory rosettes, immune response-related genes were accentuated. Interaction networks were examined in combination with GO terms and determined similarities between tissues for potential osmosensors, signal transduction cascades, and transcription factors

Peranan Pembayangan pada Courtyard terhadap Pengendalian Suhu Permukaan (Studi Kasus Gedung Widya Puraya Universitas Diponegoro Semarang)

Courtyard merupakan komponen bangunan sejak lampau yang memiliki fungsi sebagai elemen estetika di dalam bangunan juga berperan dalam usaha menciptakan sistem pengkondisian udara dan pencahayaan alami. Sebagai bukaan tentunya penetrasi radiasi matahari langsung ke dalam bangunan tidak dapat di hindari akan tetapi dengan bentuk struktur yang khas dari courtyard ditambah dengan ketersediaan elemen vegetasi akan membentuk bidang-bidang bayangan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemaparan hasil penelitian mengenai sejauh mana peranan pembayangan pada courtyard dalam mereduksi peningkatan suhu permukaan akibat dari penetrasi radiasi matahari. Metode yang digunakan pada penilitan ini adalah analisis secara kualitatif terhadap data kuantitatif hasil observasi dan pengukuran langsung terhadap obyek studi.  Dari hasil analisis dapat diketahui bahwa variasi bidang pembayangan dan durasi pembayangan pada area courtyard gedung Widya Puraya Universitas Diponego dapat mengendalikan peningkatan suhu permukaan yang dipengaruhi oleh durasi puncak peningkatan suhu permukaan.   Kata Kunci : Pembayangan, Courtyard, Suhu Permukaa

Challenging behaviour in Fragile X Syndrome: Investigating its association with environmental and physiological factors

Challenging behaviours (CBs) are a common issue amongst individuals with Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). The aim of the present thesis was to further understanding of this issue, through exploring physiological factors which may have a motivative influence upon the operant learning of CBs in this group. Analysis of prior literature highlighted that CBs were most commonly negatively reinforced amongst males with FXS. This may reflect an elevated motivation to escape from stressors, associated with atypical stimulus-bound arousal. Accordingly, prior data suggest autonomic hyperarousal and a systematic literature review suggested that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis may be implicated in males with FXS. However, the relationship between arousal and escape-maintained CB had not previously been explored, and so was addressed through two empirical studies. In the initial study, CBs were observed in a natural environment, alongside explorations of circadian rhythmicity of salivary arousal measures (cortisol and ?-amylase) in boys with FXS and unaffected siblings. Whilst between-group differences were apparent in arousal measures, there were no associations with observed behaviours in the FXS group. In a subsequent study, behaviour and physiological responding were measured in response to a structured demand assessment, amongst individuals with intellectual disability and males with FXS. Despite between-group differences in behaviour, no differences in physiological responding or physiology-behaviour relationships were observed. A final exploratory study of parental reports of the behavioural and emotional timecourse of instances of CBs was conducted, in order to guide future research. Together the results suggest that initial hypotheses were overly simplistic and that a broad range of aspects of the FXS phenotype must be accounted for when explaining CBs in this group. Implications for future research and practice are discussed

Serine Proteolytic Pathway Activation Reveals an Expanded Ensemble of Wound Response Genes in Drosophila

After injury to the animal epidermis, a variety of genes are transcriptionally activated in nearby cells to regenerate the missing cells and facilitate barrier repair. The range and types of diffusible wound signals that are produced by damaged epidermis and function to activate repair genes during epidermal regeneration remains a subject of very active study in many animals. In Drosophila embryos, we have discovered that serine protease function is locally activated around wound sites, and is also required for localized activation of epidermal repair genes. The serine protease trypsin is sufficient to induce a striking global epidermal wound response without inflicting cell death or compromising the integrity of the epithelial barrier. We developed a trypsin wounding treatment as an amplification tool to more fully understand the changes in the Drosophila transcriptome that occur after epidermal injury. By comparing our array results with similar results on mammalian skin wounding we can see which evolutionarily conserved pathways are activated after epidermal wounding in very diverse animals. Our innovative serine protease-mediated wounding protocol allowed us to identify 8 additional genes that are activated in epidermal cells in the immediate vicinity of puncture wounds, and the functions of many of these genes suggest novel genetic pathways that may control epidermal wound repair. Additionally, our data augments the evidence that clean puncture wounding can mount a powerful innate immune transcriptional response, with different innate immune genes being activated in an interesting variety of ways. These include puncture-induced activation only in epidermal cells in the immediate vicinity of wounds, or in all epidermal cells, or specifically in the fat body, or in multiple tissues

Reconciling the Greenland ice-core and radiocarbon timescales through the Laschamp geomagnetic excursion

Cosmogenic radionuclides, such as 10Be and 14C, share a common production signal, with their formation in the Earth's upper atmosphere modulated by changes to the geomagnetic field, as well as variations in the intensity of the solar wind. Here, we use this common production signal to compare between the radiocarbon (IntCal) and Greenland ice-core (GICC05) timescales, utilising the most pronounced cosmogenic production peak of the last 100,000 years – that associated with the Laschamp geomagnetic excursion circa 41,000 years ago. We present 54 new 14C measurements from a peat core (‘TP-2005’) from Tenaghi Philippon, NE Greece, contiguously spanning between circa 47,300 and 39,600 cal. BP, demonstrating a distinctive tripartite structure in the build up to the principal Laschamp production maximum that is not present in the consensus IntCal13 calibration curve. This is the first time that a continuous, non-reservoir corrected 14C dataset has been generated over such a long time span for this, the oldest portion of the radiocarbon timescale. This period is critical for both palaeoenvironmental and archaeological applications, with the replacement of Neanderthals by anatomically modern humans in Europe around this time. By placing our Tenaghi Philippon 14C dataset on to the Hulu Cave U-series timescale of Cheng et al. (2018) via Bayesian statistical modelling, the comparison of TP-2005 14C with Greenland 10Be fluxes also implicitly relates the underlying U-series and GICC05 timescales themselves. This comparison suggests that whilst these two timescales are broadly coherent, the IntCal13 timescale contains erroneous structure circa 40,000 cal. BP

Integrating timescales with time-transfer functions: A practical approach for an INTIMATE database

© 2014 Elsevier Ltd.The purpose of the INTIMATE project is to integrate palaeo-climate information from terrestrial, ice and marine records so that the timing of environmental response to climate forcing can be compared in both space and time. One of the key difficulties in doing this is the range of different methods of dating that can be used across different disciplines. For this reason, one of the main outputs of INTIMATE has been to use an event-stratigraphic approach which enables researchers to co-register synchronous events (such as the deposition of tephra from major volcanic eruptions) in different archives (Blockley etal., 2012). However, this only partly solves the problem, because it gives information only at particular short intervals where such information is present. Between these points the ability to compare different records is necessarily less precise chronologically. What is needed therefore is a way to quantify the uncertainties in the correlations between different records, even if they are dated by different methods, and make maximum use of the information available that links different records. This paper outlines the design of a database that is intended to provide integration of timescales and associated environmental proxy information. The database allows for the fact that all timescales have their own limitations, which should be quantified in terms of the uncertainties quoted. It also makes use of the fact that each timescale has strengths in terms of describing the data directly associated with it. For this reason the approach taken allows users to look at data on any timescale that can in some way be related to the data of interest, rather than specifying a specific timescale or timescales which should always be used. The information going into the database is primarily: proxy information (principally from sediments and ice cores) against depth, age depth models against reference chronologies (typically IntCal or ice core), and time-transfer functions that relate different timescales to each other, through the use of event stratigraphies or global phenomena such as cosmogenic isotope production rate variations