Masker SENGAT API (Senyum Semangat Aromaterapi) Solusi Atasi Kantuk Saat Berkendara

“Masker Sengat Api” was mask of aromatherapy which served as an effective solution to overcome drowsiness for riders. It was well known that one factor contributed to the high number of traffic accidents in Indonesia are caused by human neglience that is the condition of the rider was tired and sleepy that endangered the lives of riders and others. This mask inserted with aromatherapy gel made from natural ingredients with a fresh scent and had stimulant effect (orange, lemon, peppermint, and greentea) but did not have harmful side effect. This product was easy to use and fun for riders, especially with its unique shape and designed as well as affordable price. Stages of production “Masker Sengat Api” included pre production survey of availability of raw materials and the manufactured of masks and packaging designed, followed by production stage. This product has been publicized through speeched with others or writing and marketed “mobile” in Bandung and Jatinangor 1072 pieces of mask and 468 pieces aromatherapy gell refill pack. Based on the activity of PKM-K can be concluded that the students were able to be independent and aved an entrepreneurial spirit by selling the innovative products “Masker Sengat Api” that were able to sensitize the public to always overcome drowsiness in driving as well as being a practical choice in selecting a mask with all its benefits

Replication, Pathogenesis and Transmission of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus in Non-Immune Pigs

The declaration of the human influenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 (H1N1/09) raised important questions, including origin and host range [1,2]. Two of the three pandemics in the last century resulted in the spread of virus to pigs (H1N1, 1918; H3N2, 1968) with subsequent independent establishment and evolution within swine worldwide [3]. A key public and veterinary health consideration in the context of the evolving pandemic is whether the H1N1/09 virus could become established in pig populations [4]. We performed an infection and transmission study in pigs with A/California/07/09. In combination, clinical, pathological, modified influenza A matrix gene real time RT-PCR and viral genomic analyses have shown that infection results in the induction of clinical signs, viral pathogenesis restricted to the respiratory tract, infection dynamics consistent with endemic strains of influenza A in pigs, virus transmissibility between pigs and virus-host adaptation events. Our results demonstrate that extant H1N1/09 is fully capable of becoming established in global pig populations. We also show the roles of viral receptor specificity in both transmission and tissue tropism. Remarkably, following direct inoculation of pigs with virus quasispecies differing by amino acid substitutions in the haemagglutinin receptor-binding site, only virus with aspartic acid at position 225 (225D) was detected in nasal secretions of contact infected pigs. In contrast, in lower respiratory tract samples from directly inoculated pigs, with clearly demonstrable pulmonary pathology, there was apparent selection of a virus variant with glycine (225G). These findings provide potential clues to the existence and biological significance of viral receptor-binding variants with 225D and 225G during the 1918 pandemic [5]

Molecular analysis of avian H7 influenza viruses circulating in Eurasia in 1999-2005: detection of multiple reassortant virus genotypes.

Avian influenza infections by high and low pathogenicity H7 influenza viruses have caused several outbreaks in European poultry in recent years, also resulting in human infections. Although in some cases the source of H7 strains from domestic poultry was shown to be the viruses circulating in the wild bird reservoir, a thorough characterization of the entire genome of H7 viruses from both wild and domestic Eurasian birds, and their evolutionary relationships, has not been conducted. In our study, we have analysed low pathogenicity H7 influenza strains isolated from wild and domestic ducks in Italy and southern China and compared them with those from reared terrestrial poultry such as chicken and turkey. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the H7 haemagglutinin genes were all closely related to each other, whereas the remaining genes could be divided into two or more phylogenetic groups. Almost each year different H7 reassortant viruses were identified and in at least two different years more than one H7 genotype co-circulated. A recent precursor in wild waterfowl was identified for most of the gene segments of terrestrial poultry viruses. Our data suggest that reassortment allows avian influenza viruses, in their natural reservoir, to increase their genetic diversity. In turn this might help avian influenza viruses colonize a wider range of hosts, including domestic poultry

Genetic analysis of human and swine influenza A viruses isolated in Northern Italy during 2010–2015

Summary Influenza A virus (IAV) infection in swine plays an important role in the ecology of influenza viruses. The emergence of new IAVs comes through different mechanisms, with the genetic reassortment of genes between influenza viruses, also originating from different species, being common. We performed a genetic analysis on 179 IAV isolates from humans (n. 75) and pigs (n. 104) collected in Northern Italy between 2010 and 2015, to monitor the genetic exchange between human and swine IAVs. No cases of human infection with swine strains were noticed, but direct infections of swine with H1N1pdm09 strains were detected. Moreover, we pointed out a continuous circulation of H1N1pdm09 strains in swine populations evidenced by the introduction of internal genes of this subtype. These events contribute to generating new viral variants—possibly endowed with pandemic potential—and emphasize the importance of continuous surveillance at both animal and human level

GEOMETRICAL MODEL FOR PREDICTING THE LONG-TERM LUNI-SOLAR EFFECTS ON GEOSYNCHRONOUS SATELLITES.

This paper presents the results of an investigation into the long-term orbit evolution of uncontrolled geosynchronous satellites under the lunar-solar gravitational effects. A simplified semi-analytical model, that averages the disturbing function over the mean anomalies of the satellite and of the perturbing bodies, has been developed and applied to the orbital prediction of the no-longer-controlled Italian satellite SIRIO. The results have shown a satisfactory agreement with corresponding orbital predictions obtained by numerical approaches normally employed during the spacecraft operational phase

System Engineering for Online Monitoring and Early Warning of Water Environment

Measurement activity usually performed at a time or in a certain time period. In the case of measurements at one time, measurements manually by visiting the location of measurements, take measurements and write them down, then left the location is not a problem. However, measurements made within a certain period of time or year would be verydraining, costly, and time consuming if perfomed manually. Thus, design and implementation of embedded system for online monitoring and early warning of water environment is proposed. The system consists of two parts i.e. monitoring stations (site) and monitoring center (server). A monitoring station is an embedded system that has interface with a logger. Monitoring center is a computer that runs the service that gets the data sent by the monitoring stations, process it and put it into the database. Monitoring center also runan http service to display data acquired from monitoring stations to end users both in tabular or graphical view . The system can perform continuous measurements and its results can be monitored remotely