Algoritmos de aprendizaje evolutivo y estadístico para la determinación de mapas de malas hierbas utilizando técnicas de teledetección

Este trabajo aborda la resolución de problemas de clasificación binaria utilizando una metodología híbrida que combina la regresión logística y modelos evolutivos de redes neuronales de unidades producto. Para estimar los coeficientes del modelo lo haremos en dos etapas, en la primera aprendemos los exponentes de las funciones unidades producto, entrenando los modelos de redes neuronales mediante computación evolutiva y una vez estimados el número de funciones potenciales y los exponentes de estas funciones, se aplica el método de máxima verosimilitud al espacio de características formado por las covariables iniciales junto con las nuevas funciones de base obtenidas al entrenar los modelos de unidades producto. Esta metodología híbrida en el diseño del modelo y en la estimación de los coeficientes se aplica a un problema real agronómico de predicción de presencia de la mala hierba Ridolfia segetum Moris en campos de cosecha de girasol. Los resultados obtenidos con este modelo mejoran los conseguidos con una regresión logística estándar en cuanto a porcentaje de patrones bien clasificados sobre el conjunto de generalización

Aplicación Práctica de Métodos para Evaluar In-Situ el Rendimiento Instantáneo de Máquinas Frigoríficas de Compresión Mecánica

Libro de actas completo disponible en :http://repositorio.bib.upct.es:8080/dspace/handle/10317/4709Los equipos de aire acondicionado, bombas de calor y refrigeración suponen un elevado consumo de energía eléctrica en los países industrializados. Es frecuente que, en la práctica, estos equipos no estén operando con la eficiencia que debieran. De ahí la importancia de realizar inspecciones periódicas, que incluyan mediciones de los diferentes parámetros de operación de los equipos, destacando por su importancia la medición de su rendimiento (EER/COP). La medición precisa in-situ del EER/COP sobre una instalación frigorífica de compresión mecánica, fuera de un banco de ensayo de laboratorio, ha sido desde siempre una cuestión muy complicada, con muchas dificultades prácticas. Un punto crítico es la medición del caudal de fluido refrigerante. Si no se dispone de un caudalímetro instalado, que es la situación más habitual, hay que recurrir a mediciones indirectas. Hay varios métodos indirectos para estimar el caudal de refrigerante, que se pueden clasificar en los que se basan en: a) el rendimiento volumétrico del compresor, b) el rendimiento global del compresor, c) un balance de energía sobre el condensador y d) un balance de energía sobre el compresor. En este trabajo se ponen en práctica y analizan estos cuatro métodos sobre instalaciones frigoríficas existentes en el laboratorio docente del Departamento de Máquinas y Motores Térmicos de la Universidad de Málaga [1]. Para ello se utiliza un sistema de medición de bajo coste, basado en sensores ONSET [2]. El procesado y análisis de los datos se hace mediante el software Engineering Equation Solver [3]. Se discuten los resultados y dificultades encontradas en la aplicación de los diferentes métodos y se ofrecen recomendaciones a tener en cuenta para abordar instalaciones más complejas.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Impact of regulation fair disclosure on corporate communications with investors

In this study we report laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometer U-Pb ages of granitoids from the so-called early granodiorites of the northwest Iberian Variscan belt. The U-Pb results attest to significant magmatic activity in Visean time (ca. 347–337 Ma) that generated a hitherto poorly constrained granitoid suite in the northwest Iberian tract of the western European Variscan belt realm. This early Carboniferous suite (ECS) is mainly composed of peraluminous cold and hot crustal granodiorites and monzogranites with minor associated mafic rocks that attest to minor involvement of mantle melting. Based on the geochronological and geochemical data, we compare the Visean granitoids with younger Variscan granitoids in northwest Iberia and, in view of the tectonothermal scenarios of the Variscan collision in northwest Iberia, propose a model for the genesis of the ECS in northwest Iberia that involves rapid melting upon fast exhumation of the thickened Gondwanan crust in the course of the protracted Variscan collision.This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the project ODRE III—Oroclines & Delamination: Relations & Effects (CGL2013-46061-P) and Происхождение, металлогения, климатические эффекты и цикличность Крупных Изверженных Провинций (КИП) (Origin, metallogeny, climatic effects, and cyclical large igneous provinces) (14.Y26.31.0012; Russian Federation) to Gutiérrez-Alonso and López-Carmona and CGL-2016-76438-P to Fernández-Suárez. López-Carmona was also funded by a “Juan de la Cierva” grant (reference FJCI-2014-20740).Peer reviewe

El papel morfogenético dominante de la escorrentía superficial en Licus Vallis, Marte: Resultados del análisis geomorfológico y morfométrico

Se ha analizado la cuenca de Licus Vallis, un antiguo cauce situado en la región ecuatorial de Marte, con la finalidad de evaluar el papel morfogenético que tuvo el agua superficial en su desarrollo. El análisis geomorfológico llevado a cabo en un entorno SIG ha permitido identificar numerosas morfologías fluviales relictas como canales, terrazas simétricas y un delta. Licus Vallis presenta una cuenca con rasgos propios de un relieve joven, con un perfil en desequilibrio, canales de cuarto orden, valles en V, una densidad de drenaje muy baja, y un patrón dendrítico. La erosión generada por la escorrentía superficial parece ser el proceso dominante en la formación de Licus Vallis. Sin embargo, la presencia de valles con cabecera semicircular parece indicar que la erosión asociada a surgencias pudo contribuir a la expansión por erosión remontante de los valles. Además, el hallazgo, por primera vez en este trabajo, de un posible delta de tipo Gilberten la desembocadura del sistema fluvial permitió definir el nivel de base de la cuenca y plantear la posible existencia de un antiguo mar en la región. A watershed analysis was performed to assess the morphogenetic role of surface water on the development of Licus Vallis, an ancient river valley located in the equatorial region of Mars. Terrain analysis in a GIS environment allowed the identification of numerous relict fluvial features such as channels, paired terraces and a delta. Licus Vallis has the characteristics of a young watershed with a non-equilibrium profile, fourth-order streams, V-shaped valleys, very low drainage density, and a dendritic drainage pattern. Erosion related to surface runoff appears to be the dominant process involved in the formation of Licus Vallis. Nevertheless, the presence of theatre-like valley heads seems to indicate that sapping erosion associated with springs may have played some role in the headward expansion of valleys. Moreover, the finding, for the first time in this work, of a possible Gilbert-type delta at the mouth of the fluvial system permitted to define the paleobase level of the drainage basin and suggests the existence of an ancient sea in the region

Manganese Dioxide Supported on Porous Biomorphic Carbons as Hybrid Materials for Energy Storage Devices

A facile and low-cost method has been employed to fabricate MnO2/C hybrid materials for use as binder-free electrodes for supercapacitor applications. Biocarbon monoliths were obtained through pyrolysis of beech wood, replicating the microstructure of the cellulosic precursor, and serve as 3D porous and conductive scaffolds for the direct growth of MnO2 nanosheets by a solution method. Evaluation of the experimental results indicates that a homogeneous and uniform composite material made of a carbon matrix exhibiting ordered hierarchical porosity and MnO2 nanosheets with a layered nanocrystalline structure is obtained. The tuning of the MnO2 content and crystallite size via the concentration of KMnO4 used as impregnation solution allows to obtain composites that exhibit enhanced electrochemical behavior, achieving a capacitance of 592 F g−1 in electrodes containing 3 wt % MnO2 with an excellent cyclic stability. The electrode materials were characterized before and after electrochemical testing.Peer reviewe

The lightest flavor--singlet qqq baryons as witnesses to color

We present a new computation in a field-theoretical model of Coulomb gauge QCD of the first radial and angular excitations of a qqq system in a SU(3) flavor singlet state, Lambda_S. The traditional motivation for the study is that the absence of flavor singlets in the lowest-lying spectrum is a direct consequence of the color degree of freedom. (The calculation is tested with decuplet baryons Delta(1232) and Omega(1672).) We also analyze decay branching fractions of the flavor singlet baryon for various masses with the simplest effective Lagrangians

Diel pattern of circadian clock and storage protein gene expression in leaves and during seed filling in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

Background Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is an important source of protein supply for animal and human nutrition. The major storage globulins VICILIN and LEGUMIN (LEG) are synthesized from several genes including LEGA, LEGB, LEGJ and CVC (CONVICILIN). The current hypothesis is that the plant circadian core clock genes are conserved in a wide array of species and that primary metabolism is to a large extent controlled by the plant circadian clock. Our aim was to investigate a possible link between gene expression of storage proteins and the circadian clock. Results We identified cowpea orthologues of the core clock genes VunLHY, VunTOC1, VunGI and VunELF3, the protein storage genes VunLEG, VunLEGJ, and VunCVC as well as nine candidate reference genes used in RT-PCR. ELONGATION FACTOR 1-A (ELF1A) resulted the most suitable reference gene. The clock genes VunELF3, VunGI, VunTOC1 and VunLHY showed a rhythmic expression profile in leaves with a typical evening/night and morning/midday phased expression. The diel patterns were not completely robust and only VungGI and VungELF3 retained a rhythmic pattern under free running conditions of darkness. Under field conditions, rhythmicity and phasing apparently faded during early pod and seed development and was regained in ripening pods for VunTOC1 and VunLHY. Mature seeds showed a rhythmic expression of VunGI resembling leaf tissue under controlled growth chamber conditions. Comparing time windows during developmental stages we found that VunCVC and VunLEG were significantly down regulated during the night in mature pods as compared to intermediate ripe pods, while changes in seeds were non-significant due to high variance. The rhythmic expression under field conditions was lost under growth chamber conditions. Conclusions The core clock gene network is conserved in cowpea leaves showing a robust diel expression pattern except VunELF3 under growth chamber conditions. There appears to be a clock transcriptional reprogramming in pods and seeds compared to leaves. Storage protein deposition may be circadian regulated under field conditions but the strong environmental signals are not met under artificial growth conditions. Diel expression pattern in field conditions may result in better usage of energy for protein storage.This work was supported by the 7th Research Framework Programme of the European Union “Eurolegume (Enhancing of Legumes Growing in Europe through Sustainable Cropping for Protein Supply for Food and Feed)” FP7– 613781. The funding body had no role in the experimental design, analysis or results shown in the manuscript

Evolutionary q-Gaussian radial basis function neural networks for multiclassification

This paper proposes a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), called the q-Gaussian RBFNN, that reproduces different radial basis functions (RBFs) by means of a real parameter q. The architecture, weights and node topology are learnt through a hybrid algorithm (HA). In order to test the overall performance, an experimental study with sixteen data sets taken from the UCI repository is presented. The q-Gaussian RBFNN was compared to RBFNNs with Gaussian, Cauchy and inverse multiquadratic RBFs in the hidden layer and to other probabilistic classifiers, including different RBFNN design methods, support vector machines (SVMs), a sparse classifier (sparse multinomial logistic regression, SMLR) and a non-sparse classifier (regularized multinomial logistic regression, RMLR). The results show that the q-Gaussian model can be considered very competitive with the other classification methods. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd