706 research outputs found
Dynamic contour tonometry versus Goldmann applanation tonometry: challenging the gold standard
The accurate measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) is fundamental to almost any ophthalmic examination. Dynamic contour tonometry (DCT) was introduced 5 years ago as an entirely novel contact tonometry principle designed to measure IOP largely independently of corneal properties. Since then, many studies have compared the performance of this tonometer to the Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) and other tonometers in healthy eyes, as well as eyes with glaucoma or corneal diseases, and after corneal surgery. There is now strong evidence that DCT measures IOP very accurately, with very low inter- and intraobserver variability. This article summarizes the findings of these studies and analyzes the role of DCT in challenging GAT as the gold-standard tonometer for IOP measurements
Formation and structures of cationic zirconium complexes in ternary systems rac-(SBI)ZrX2/AlBui3/[CPh3][B(C6F5)4(X = Cl, Me)
Novel zwitterionic diallylzirconium complexes: Synthesis, structure, polymerization activity, and deactivation pathways
Quantitative analysis of shadow X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism Photo-Emission Electron Microscopy
Shadow X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism Photo-Emission Electron Microscopy
(XMCD-PEEM) is a recent technique, in which the photon intensity in the shadow
of an object lying on a surface, may be used to gather information about the
three-dimensional magnetization texture inside the object. Our purpose here is
to lay the basis of a quantitative analysis of this technique. We first discuss
the principle and implementation of a method to simulate the contrast expected
from an arbitrary micromagnetic state. Text book examples and successful
comparison with experiments are then given. Instrumental settings are finally
discussed, having an impact on the contrast and spatial resolution : photon
energy, microscope extraction voltage and plane of focus, microscope background
level, electric-field related distortion of three-dimensional objects, Fresnel
diffraction or photon scattering
Remote Entanglement between a Single Atom and a Bose-Einstein Condensate
Entanglement between stationary systems at remote locations is a key resource
for quantum networks. We report on the experimental generation of remote
entanglement between a single atom inside an optical cavity and a Bose-Einstein
condensate (BEC). To produce this, a single photon is created in the
atom-cavity system, thereby generating atom-photon entanglement. The photon is
transported to the BEC and converted into a collective excitation in the BEC,
thus establishing matter-matter entanglement. After a variable delay, this
entanglement is converted into photon-photon entanglement. The matter-matter
entanglement lifetime of 100 s exceeds the photon duration by two orders
of magnitude. The total fidelity of all concatenated operations is 95%. This
hybrid system opens up promising perspectives in the field of quantum
information
Electrochemistry of AuII and AuIII pincer complexes: determination of the AuII–AuII bond energy
Recommended from our members
Nanostructured Silicon Matrix for Materials Engineering
Tin-containing layers with different degrees of oxidation are uniformly distributed along the length of silicon nanowires formed by a top-down method by applying metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The electronic and atomic structure of the obtained layers is investigated by applying nondestructive surface-sensitive X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation. The results demonstrated, for the first time, a distribution effect of the tin-containing phases in the nanostructured silicon matrix compared to the results obtained for planar structures at the same deposition temperatures. The amount and distribution of tin-containing phases can be effectively varied and controlled by adjusting the geometric parameters (pore diameter and length) of the initial matrix of nanostructured silicon. Due to the occurrence of intense interactions between precursor molecules and decomposition by-products in the nanocapillary, as a consequence of random thermal motion of molecules in the nanocapillary, which leads to additional kinetic energy and formation of reducing agents, resulting in effective reduction of tin-based compounds to a metallic tin state for molecules with the highest penetration depth in the nanostructured silicon matrix. This effect will enable clear control of the phase distributions of functional materials in 3D matrices for a wide range of applications
Shaping the Phase of a Single Photon
While the phase of a coherent light field can be precisely known, the phase
of the individual photons that create this field, considered individually,
cannot. Phase changes within single-photon wave packets, however, have
observable effects. In fact, actively controlling the phase of individual
photons has been identified as a powerful resource for quantum communication
protocols. Here we demonstrate the arbitrary phase control of a single photon.
The phase modulation is applied without affecting the photon's amplitude
profile and is verified via a two-photon quantum interference measurement,
which can result in the fermionic spatial behaviour of photon pairs. Combined
with previously demonstrated control of a single photon's amplitude, frequency,
and polarisation, the fully deterministic phase shaping presented here allows
for the complete control of single-photon wave packets.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Estimating the feasibility of transition paths in extended finite state machines
There has been significant interest in automating testing on the basis of an extended finite state machine (EFSM) model of the required behaviour of the implementation under test (IUT). Many test criteria require that certain parts of the EFSM are executed. For example, we may want to execute every transition of the EFSM. In order to find a test suite (set of input sequences) that achieves this we might first derive a set of paths through the EFSM that satisfy the criterion using, for example, algorithms from graph theory. We then attempt to produce input sequences that trigger these paths. Unfortunately, however, the EFSM might have infeasible paths and the problem of determining whether a path is feasible is generally undecidable. This paper describes an approach in which a fitness function is used to estimate how easy it is to find an input sequence to trigger a given path through an EFSM. Such a fitness function could be used in a search-based approach in which we search for a path with good fitness that achieves a test objective, such as executing a particular transition, and then search for an input sequence that triggers the path. If this second search fails then we search for another path with good fitness and repeat the process. We give a computationally inexpensive approach (fitness function) that estimates the feasibility of a path. In order to evaluate this fitness function we compared the fitness of a path with the ease with which an input sequence can be produced using search to trigger the path and we used random sampling in order to estimate this. The empirical evidence suggests that a reasonably good correlation (0.72 and 0.62) exists between the fitness of a path, produced using the proposed fitness function, and an estimate of the ease with which we can randomly generate an input sequence to trigger the path
- …