Arnold and Tilla English Opera Troupe Playbill

Seeking to cultivate popular support for opera in the Victorian Era, American-style opera evolved with traveling troupes performing in English, particularly during the post-Civil War period. This playbill, ca. 1860s, is for the performance of the Arnold and Tilla\u27s English Opera Troupe at Norumbega Hall in Bangor. The company was formed by the principle artists of the Kellogg Opera Company and the Richings Opera Company for a three-week tour of Maine. They performed the Daniel Auber opera, Fra Diavolo and Michael William Balfe\u27s Bohemian Girl on two different nights. Fra Diavolo was one of the Kellogg Company\u27s standard operas while Bohemian Girl was performed regularly by the Richings Company. Performers of note included Blanche Ellerman, a London-born Prima Donna who obtained a contract with the Caroline Riching Opera Company and American-born James Albert Arnold who joined the Riching Company around 1866. The pair would marry in 1869. Clara Fisher was born in London and was considered a prodigy of the stage. At the age of 16 she emigrated to the United States, debuting to rave reviews. She became so financially successful, she was able to retire from the stage in 1844. Poor investments forced her to resume performing in 1850. At the time of her appearance in Bangor, Fisher would have been in her mid-50s.https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mainebicentennial/1105/thumbnail.jp

Effectiveness of the bucco-lingual technique within a school-based supervised toothbrushing program on preventing caries: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background Supervised toothbrushing programs using fluoride dentifrice have reduced caries increment. However there is no information about the effectiveness of the professional cross-brushing technique within a community intervention. The aim was to assess if the bucco-lingual technique can increase the effectiveness of a school-based supervised toothbrushing program on preventing caries. Methods A randomized double-blinded controlled community intervention trial to be analyzed at an individual level was conducted in a Brazilian low-income fluoridated area. Six preschools were randomly assigned to the test and control groups and 284 five-year-old children presenting at least one permanent molar with emerged/sound occlusal surface participated. In control group, oral health education and dental plaque dying followed by toothbrushing with fluoride dentifrice supervised directly by a dental assistant, was developed four times per year. At the remaining school days the children brushed their teeth under indirect supervising of the teachers. In test group, children also underwent a professional cross-brushing on surfaces of first permanent molar rendered by a specially trained dental assistant five times per year. Enamel and dentin caries were recorded on buccal, occlusal and lingual surfaces of permanent molars during 18-month follow-up. Exposure time of surfaces was calculated and incidence density ratio was estimated using Poisson regression model. Results Difference of 21.6 lesions per 1,000 children between control and test groups was observed. Among boys whose caries risk was higher compared to girls, incidence density was 50% lower in test group (p = 0.016). Conclusion Modified program was effective among the boys. It is licit to project a relevant effect in a larger period suggesting in a broader population substantial reduction of dental care needs. Trial registration ISRCTN18548869

Gender differences in the use of cardiovascular interventions in HIV-positive persons; the D:A:D Study

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