Part-Year Operation in 19th Century American Manufacturing: Evidence from the 1870 and 1880 Censuses

Using unpublished data contained in samples from the manuscripts of the 1870 and 1880 censuses of manufactures¾the earliest comprehensive estimates available¾ this study examines the extent and correlates of part-year manufacturing during the late 19th century. While the typical manufacturing plant operated full-time, part-year operation was not uncommon; its likelihood of this varied across industries and locations and with plant characteristics. Workers in such plants received somewhat higher monthly wages than those in firms that operated year round, compensating them somewhat for their losses and possible inconvenience.

Semiparametric trending regression for unbalanced panel data with application to realized volatility

A methodology is outlined for developing a semiparametric panel data model to describe the realized volatility and the trend in monthly dataset of US equity returns by using the Center for Research in Security Prices (CRSP) while relinquishing the assumption of global stationarity. We allow the trend to evolve in a nonparametric way, with an unknown smooth function. While we first provide idiosyncratic trends for each individual i, we aim to test for the common trends assumption based on a measure of nonparametric goodness-of-fit test before imposing it. We propose a semiparametric profile likelihood approach to estimate the model. We assume an asymptotic framework in which T is large; but not necessarily

A factor approach to realized volatility forecasting in the presence of finite jumps and cross-sectional correlation in pricing errors

There is a growing literature on the realized volatility (View the MathML source) forecasting of asset returns using high-frequency data. We explore the possibility of forecasting View the MathML source with factor analysis; once considering the significant jumps. A real high-frequency financial data application suggests that the factor based approach is of significant potential interest and novelty

Thermo-Mechanical Modeling of Friction Stir Spot Welding and Numerical Solution With The Finite Element Method

In this paper, friction stir spot welding (FSSW) of magnesium sheets were analyzed using finite element method (FEM). Various tool shoulder types used in Friction stir welding (FSW) were chosen as different parameter. Thermic simulations were showed that thermic conditions vary with tool shoulder design types used in friction stir welding. Heat energy input (Q) of numerical model was solved analytically and calculated based on the various parameter values. Friction factor surface pressure and materials thermic properties which are changing with generated heat during friction welding were also considered in the FEM analysis. Thermic field model was solved numerically and results were presented

An efficient computation model for coarse grained reconfigurable architectures and its applications to a reconfigurable computer

The mapping of high level applications onto the coarse grained reconfigurable architectures (CGRA) are usually performed manually by using graphical tools or when automatic compilation is used, some restrictions are imposed to the high level code. Since high level applications do not contain parallelism explicitly, mapping the application directly to CGRA is very difficult. In this paper, we present a middle level Language for Reconfigurable Computing (LRC). LRC is similar to assembly languages of microprocessors, with the difference that parallelism can be coded in LRC. LRC is an efficient language for describing control data flow graphs. Several applications such as FIR, multirate, multichannel filtering, FFT, 2D-IDCT, Viterbi decoding, UMTS and CCSDC turbo decoding, Wimax LDPC decoding are coded in LRC and mapped to the Bilkent Reconfigurable Computer with a performance (in terms of cycle count) close to that of ASIC implementations. The applicability of the computation model to a CGRA having low cost interconnection network has been validated by using placement and routing algorithms. © 2010 IEEE

Determination of Flower Characteristics of Some Kiwifruit Genotypes (Actinidia Spp.) Obtained with Breeding Program

All Actinidia species are dioecious, male and female flowers grow on separate kiwifruit plants. In breeding studies, it is generally desirable to obtain female individuals. However, male plants are also of great importance for pollination. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the flower characteristics of the genotypes obtained by breeding studies. This research was conducted in the kiwifruit breeding plot of Yalova Atatürk Horticultural Central Research Institute for two years. Genotypes obtained from cultivars belonging to Actinidia deliciosa and Actinidia chinensis were used in the research. At the time of flowering, phenological observations of male and female genotypes, which are prominent in the population, have been made and the developmental stages of the flowers have been determined. At least 10 flowers of each genotype were used to determine the morphological characteristics.Number of leaves, number of petals, number of male organs, number of filaments, number of female organs, number of female organs and number of stylus were examined in order to determine flower characteristics. When the data obtained as a result of two years are evaluated; significant differences have been obtained particularly in terms of flowering time, flowering period, the number of stylus, the filament size, the number of female organs and the number of male organs. Female cultivars/genotypes tend to flowering later than male cultivars/genotypes, and female cultivars/genotypes have shorter filament length than male cultivars/genotypes. It has also been clearly observed that ovaries are not functional in male types

oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy on micro-jets

Oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption, emission, and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectra were measured to site selectively gain insights into the electronic structure of aqueous zinc acetate solution. The character of the acetate ion and the influence of zinc and water on its local electronic structure are discussed

Comparison of inflammatory biomarkers for detection of coronary stenosis in patients with stable coronary artery disease

Erdogan, Turan/0000-0003-2986-5457; Cetin, Mustafa/0000-0001-6342-436X; yilmaz, adnan/0000-0003-4842-1173WOS: 000319223400015PubMed: 23329531BACKGROUND: the objective of the current study was to evaluate the role of various inflammatory biomarkers in detection of coronary stenosis in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and healthy people. METHODS: A total of 111 patients with stable coronary artery disease, and 66 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. Serum levels of lipoprotein-associated-phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA(2)), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured to compare patient and control groups. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were similar between healthy and patient groups, with the exception of age. ANCOVA and log-transformed data of inflammatory biomarkers revealed that, Lp-PLA(2) (p < 0,001) and hs-CRP (p < 0,05) levels in all patient groups were significantly higher than in the control group. Conversely, there was no significant difference in MPO levels among groups. CONCLUSIONS: in stable CAD patients, serum Lp-PLA(2) levels are more compatible than hsCRP and MPO levels in the detection of coronary stenosis.PfizerPfizer; ServierServier; Astra ZenecaAstraZenecaThis study was supported by the drug companies Pfizer, Servier and Astra Zeneca. the Authors thank all of the companies that helped during this investigation

Single left coronary artery with origin of right coronary artery from left circumflex: a case report

which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background: A 40-years-old female presented with intermittent chest pain and dyspnea on exertion. Case Presentation: Electrocardiography showed sinus rhythm with ST-depression in inferior and lateral leads. Subsequent exercise treadmill testing revealed significant ST-depression in V4–V5 and V6 leads. Coronary angiography later showed a single left coronary artery with right coronary artery arising from left circumflex artery, a rare anomaly of coronary arteries. No atheromatous lesion was seen during angiography. Conclusion: The dignosis of this anomaly is importsnt because the symptoms cannot be differentiated from atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Case presentation A 40-years-old female was admitted to the hospital with intermittent substernal chest pain and dyspnea. She visited our outpatient clinic because of exacerbation o