89 research outputs found
Top Quarks, Axigluons and Charge Asymmetries at Hadron Colliders
Axigluons are colored heavy neutral gauge boson that couple to quarks through
an axial vector current and the same strong coupling as gluons. The most
important model-independent manifestation of axigluons is the generation of a
forward--backward asymmetry in top-antitop quark production at
collisions which originates from the charge asymmetry. We update our previous
analysis for the inclusive QCD induced forward--backward asymmetry and define a
new observable which is more sensitive to the effect than the forward--backward
asymmetry. Furthermore, we find a lower limit of 1.2 TeV at 90% C.L. on the
axigluon mass from recent measurements of the asymmetry at Tevatron. Also at
LHC, the charge asymmetry is sizable in suitably selected samples. We evaluate
this asymmetry in the central region for different selection cuts and show
that, like at Tevatron, the charge asymmetry can probe larger values of the
axigluon mass than the dijet mass distribution.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figure
Renewable energy regulation and structural breaks: An empirical analysis of Spanish electricity price volatility
International experience proves that electricity prices have undergone major changes in volatility since the entry of green technologies. The intermittency of renewable sources is one of the reasons for these changes, as it leads to higher volatility in periods of higher participation by renewables. We argue that the development of the regulatory system promoting renewable electricity also plays a crucial role. We raise a question that deserves attention: could an incentive scheme induce higher share of renewables and lower volatility simultaneously? In this paper, we conduct an empirical analysis with Spanish data. We analyze possible ensuing structural changes in Spanish electricity spot price volatility from January 2002 to December 2017. We identify two structural breaks linked to important measures related to renewable electricity: (i) the abolishment of the feed-in tariff scheme; and (ii) the establishment of a more market-oriented regulation based on investment and operating costs. We conclude that stable regulatory policies reduce volatility even though the presence of renewable sources is greater. Furthermore, market-based policy measures achieve lower volatility, encouraging good integration of intermittent renewable electricity. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.Financial support from Ministerio de Economa y Competitividad and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional under research grant ECO2015-64467-R (MINECO/FEDER) and from Dpto. de Educación, Universidades e Investigación del Gobierno Vasco under research grant IT1336-19 is acknowledged. Cristina Pizarro-Irizar also acknowledges financial support from Ministerio de Economa y Competitividad under research grant ECO2015-68023 , Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades under research grant RTI2018-093352-B-I00 , Gobierno Vasco through the BERC 2018-2021 program and by Ministerio de Economa y Competitividad MINECO through BC3 Maria de Maeztu excellence accreditation MDM-2017-0714 . All the authors are grateful for the valuable comments made by participants in the 41st International Conference of the International Association for Energy Economics and the 14th Conference of the Spanish Association for Energy Economics
Jupiter's cloud-level variability triggered by torsional oscillations in the interior
Jupiter's weather layer exhibits long-term and quasi-periodic cycles of
meteorological activity that can completely change the appearance of its belts
and zones. There are cycles with intervals from 4 to 9 years, dependent on the
latitude, which were detected in 5m radiation, which provides a window
into the cloud-forming regions of the troposphere; however, the origin of these
cycles has been a mystery. Here we propose that magnetic torsional
oscillations/waves arising from the dynamo region could modulate the heat
transport and hence be ultimately responsible for the variability of the
tropospheric banding. These axisymmetric waves are magnetohydrodynamic waves
influenced by the rapid rotation, which have been detected in Earth's core, and
have been recently suggested to exist in Jupiter by the observation of magnetic
secular variations by Juno. Using the magnetic field model JRM33, together with
the density distribution model, we compute the expected speed of these waves.
For the waves excited by variations in the zonal jet flows, their wavelength
can be estimated from the width of the alternating jets, yielding waves with a
half period of 3.2-4.7 years in 14-23N, consistent with the intervals
with the cycles of variability of Jupiter's North Equatorial Belt and North
Temperate Belt identified in the visible and infrared observations. The nature
of these waves, including the wave speed and the wavelength, is revealed by a
data-driven technique, dynamic mode decomposition, applied to the
spatio-temporal data for 5m emission. Our results imply that exploration
of these magnetohydrodynamic waves may provide a new window to the origins of
quasi-periodic patterns in Jupiter's tropospheric clouds and to the internal
dynamics and the dynamo of Jupiter
Acquisition of motion events in L2 Spanish by German, French and Italian speakers
This article explores the second language acquisition of motion events, with particular regard to cross-linguistic influence between first and second languages. Oral narratives in Spanish as a second language by native speakers of French, German and Italian are compared, together with narratives by native Spanish speakers. Previous analysis on the expression of motion events in these languages showed that Romance languages do not always follow the same pattern; for example, Italian tends to express the component of Path more frequently than French and Spanish. The results of the present study highlight evidence of intra-typological differences, even between languages that are genetically very close. These differences seem to lead speakers to produce cases of conceptual transfer into their second language, Spanish, even when their first language is another Romance language
Saturn's Seasonal Variability from Four Decades of Ground-Based Mid-Infrared Observations
A multi-decade record of ground-based mid-infrared (7-25 m) images of
Saturn is used to explore seasonal and non-seasonal variability in thermal
emission over more than a Saturnian year (1984-2022). Thermal emission measured
by 3-m and 8-m-class observatories compares favourably with synthetic images
based on both Cassini-derived temperature records and the predictions of
radiative climate models. 8-m class facilities are capable of resolving thermal
contrasts on the scale of Saturn's belts, zones, polar hexagon, and polar
cyclones, superimposed onto large-scale seasonal asymmetries. Seasonal changes
in brightness temperatures of K in the stratosphere and K in
the upper troposphere are observed, as the northern and southern polar
stratospheric vortices (NPSV and SPSV) form in spring and dissipate in autumn.
The timings of the first appearance of the warm polar vortices is successfully
reproduced by radiative climate models, confirming them to be radiative
phenomena, albeit entrained within sharp boundaries influenced by dynamics.
Axisymmetric thermal bands (4-5 per hemisphere) display temperature gradients
that are strongly correlated with Saturn's zonal winds, indicating winds that
decay in strength with altitude, and implying meridional circulation cells
forming the system of cool zones and warm belts. Saturn's thermal structure is
largely repeatable from year to year (via comparison of infrared images in 1989
and 2018), with the exception of low-latitudes. Here we find evidence of
inter-annual variations because the equatorial banding at 7.9 m is
inconsistent with a -year period for Saturn's equatorial stratospheric
oscillation, i.e., it is not strictly semi-annual. Finally, observations
between 2017-2022 extend the legacy of the Cassini mission, revealing the
continued warming of the NPSV during northern summer. [Abr.]Comment: 25 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in Icaru
Charge asymmetries of top quarks at hadron colliders revisited
A sizeable difference in the differential production cross section of top-
compared to antitop-quark production, denoted charge asymmetry, has been
observed at the Tevatron. The experimental results seem to exceed the theory
predictions based on the Standard Model by a significant amount and have
triggered a large number of suggestions for "new physics". In the present paper
the Standard Model predictions for Tevatron and LHC experiments are revisited.
This includes a reanalysis of electromagnetic as well as weak corrections,
leading to a shift of the asymmetry by roughly a factor 1.1 when compared to
the results of the first papers on this subject. The impact of cuts on the
transverse momentum of the top-antitop system is studied. Restricting the ttbar
system to a transverse momentum less than 20 GeV leads to an enhancement of the
asymmetries by factors between 1.3 and 1.5, indicating the importance of an
improved understanding of the -momentum distribution. Predictions for
similar measurements at the LHC are presented, demonstrating the sensitivity of
the large rapidity region both to the Standard Model contribution and effects
from "new physics".Comment: 23 pages. Final version to appear in JHE
An enduring rapidly moving storm as a guide to Saturn's Equatorial jet's complex structure
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0Saturn has an intense and broad eastward equatorial jet with a complex three-dimensional structure mixed with time variability. The equatorial region experiences strong seasonal insolation variations enhanced by ring shadowing, and three of the six known giant planetary-scale storms have developed in it. These factors make Saturn’s equator a natural laboratory to test models of jets in giant planets. Here we report on a bright equatorial atmospheric feature imaged in 2015 that moved steadily at a high speed of 450 ms-1 not measured since 1980–1981 with other equatorial clouds moving within an ample range of velocities. Radiative transfer models show that these motions occur at three altitude levels within the upper haze and clouds. We find that the peak of the jet (latitudes 10ºN to 10º S) suffers intense vertical shears reaching þ2.5 ms-1 km-1, two orders of magnitude higher than meridional shears, and temporal variability above 1 bar altitude level.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
Spatial Variations in the Altitude of the CH4 Homopause at Jupiter's Mid-to-high Latitudes, as Constrained from IRTF-TEXES Spectra
Peer reviewedPublisher PD
An enduring rapidly moving storm as a guide to Saturn’s Equatorial jet’s complex structure
Saturn has an intense and broad eastward equatorial jet with a complex three-dimensional structure mixed with time variability. The equatorial region experiences strong seasonal insolation variations enhanced by ring shadowing, and three of the six known giant planetary-scale storms have developed in it. These factors make Saturn's equator a natural laboratory to test models of jets in giant planets. Here we report on a bright equatorial atmospheric feature imaged in 2015 that moved steadily at a high speed of 450 ms(-1) not measured since 1980-1981 with other equatorial clouds moving within an ample range of velocities. Radiative transfer models show that these motions occur at three altitude levels within the upper haze and clouds. We find that the peak of the jet ( latitudes 10 degrees N to 10 degrees S) suffers intense vertical shears reaching + 2.5 ms(-1) km(1), two orders of magnitude higher than meridional shears, and temporal variability above 1 bar altitude level.
Palabras claveThis work is based on observations and analysis from Hubble Space Telescope (GO/DD program 14064), Cassini ISS images (NASA pds), and Calar Alto Observatory (CAHA-MPIA). A.S.-L. and UPV/EHU team are supported by the Spanish projects AYA2012-36666 and AYA2015-65041-P with FEDER support, Grupos Gobierno Vasco IT-765-13, Universidad del Pais Vasco UPV/EHU program UFI11/55, and Diputacion Foral Bizkaia (BFA). We acknowledge the contribution of Saturn images by T. Olivetti, M. Kardasis, A. Germano, A. Wesley, P. Miles, M. Delcroix, C. Go, T. Horiuchi and P. Maxon. We also acknowledge the wind model data provided by J. Friedson
An intense narrow equatorial jet in Jupiter’s lower stratosphere observed by JWST
The atmosphere of Jupiter has east–west zonal jets that alternate as a function of latitude as tracked by cloud motions at tropospheric levels. Above and below the cold tropopause at ~100 mbar, the equatorial atmosphere is covered by hazes at levels where thermal infrared observations used to characterize the dynamics of the stratosphere lose part of their sensitivity. James Webb Space Telescope observations of Jupiter in July 2022 show these hazes in higher detail than ever before and reveal the presence of an intense (140 m s−1) equatorial jet at 100–200 mbar (70 m s−1 faster than the zonal winds at the cloud level) that is confined to ±3° of the equator and is located below stratospheric thermal oscillations that extend at least from 0.1 to 40 mbar and repeat in multiyear cycles. This suggests that the new jet is a deep part of Jupiter’s Equatorial Stratospheric Oscillation and may therefore vary in strength over time.JWST-ERS-01373, NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope programmes no. 16913, 15502 and 16790, PID2019-109467GB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/, Grupos Gobierno Vasco IT1742-22. I.d.; European Research Council Consolidator Grant (under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, grant agreement no. 723890), STFC PhD Studentship, NASA grants 80NSSC21K1418 and 80NSSC19K0894
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