A canonical form for nonlinear systems

The conceptions of transformation and canonical form have been much used to analyze the structure of linear systems. A coordinate system and a corresponding canonical form are developed for general nonlinear control systems. Their usefulness is demonstrated by showing that every feedback linearizable system becomes a system with only feedback paths in the canonical form

Student handbook, Eastern Washington College of Education, 1958-1959

Eastern Washington College of Education student handbook for the 1958-1959 school year. The title for the handbook is derived from Eastern\u27s athletics nickname at the time, Savages.https://dc.ewu.edu/student_handbooks/1002/thumbnail.jp

Research Regarding Connections between Risks and Processes within Small and Medium Enterprises

AbstractBusiness process approach is a current concern for many scholars and practitioners as the performance of any organization is directly influenced on how the objectives of these activities are achieved. The methodology framework consists of a literature review regarding the main concepts which are underlying the connection between risk and process. Main findings of the study will comprise of identifying the risks along with the trigger causes or circumstances and their potential effect not only on the activity, but also on the overall process. The importance to detect the risks whose impact has critical effect on the SMEs activity in terms of sustainable development and business continuity will be emphasized. In this respect, the potential processes highly exposed to risks are the most reliable indicators highlighting where an SME is vulnerable and to where should resources be directed to. A clear understanding of the types and intensity of the relationships and interactions between processes and their particular risks leads to cost effective decisions regarding undertaking long term mitigating strategies. The awareness of the link between different types of processes with their specific risks has become highly important as the overall vulnerability of an enterprise is enlarging in line with the business development

Photographic Key for the Microhistological Identification of some Arctic Vascular Plants

Microhistological techniques are used in many studies of food habits in herbivores. A photographic key for the microhistological identification of 112 Arctic and Subarctic plant species is presented. Epidermal features used in the key are described and illustrated in a photographic glossary. Enough information is given on plant collection, fragment preparation, and feature identification to help users customize the key with additional Arctic plant species.L'analyse microhistologique est couramment utilisée lors d'études du régime alimentaire des herbivores. On présente un tableau photographique d'identification microhistologique de 112 espèces de plantes arctiques et subarctiques. Les caractéristiques épidermiques utilisées dans le tableau sont décrites et illustrées dans un glossaire photographique. L'article fournit assez de détails sur la collecte des plantes, la préparation des épidermes et l'identification des caractéristiques pour permettre aux utilisateurs d'adapter le tableau en y incluant d'autres espèces végétales

The Mating-Type Chromosome in the Filamentous Ascomycete Neurospora tetrasperma Represents a Model for Early Evolution of Sex Chromosomes

We combined gene divergence data, classical genetics, and phylogenetics to study the evolution of the mating-type chromosome in the filamentous ascomycete Neurospora tetrasperma. In this species, a large non-recombining region of the mating-type chromosome is associated with a unique fungal life cycle where self-fertility is enforced by maintenance of a constant state of heterokaryosis. Sequence divergence between alleles of 35 genes from the two single mating-type component strains (i.e. the homokaryotic mat A or mat a-strains), derived from one N. tetrasperma heterokaryon (mat A+mat a), was analyzed. By this approach we were able to identify the boundaries and size of the non-recombining region, and reveal insight into the history of recombination cessation. The non-recombining region covers almost 7 Mbp, over 75% of the chromosome, and we hypothesize that the evolution of the mating-type chromosome in this lineage involved two successive events. The first event was contemporaneous with the split of N. tetrasperma from a common ancestor with its outcrossing relative N. crassa and suppressed recombination over at least 6.6 Mbp, and the second was confined to a smaller region in which recombination ceased more recently. In spite of the early origin of the first “evolutionary stratum”, genealogies of five genes from strains belonging to an additional N. tetrasperma lineage indicate independent initiations of suppressed recombination in different phylogenetic lineages. This study highlights the shared features between the sex chromosomes found in the animal and plant kingdoms and the fungal mating-type chromosome, despite fungi having no separate sexes. As is often found in sex chromosomes of plants and animals, recombination suppression of the mating-type chromosome of N. tetrasperma involved more than one evolutionary event, covers the majority of the mating-type chromosome and is flanked by distal regions with obligate crossovers

Abriendo la conciencia de reino: Cádiz y las independencias americanas

International audienceWe test the assumption that the new concept of liberty proclaimed in Cadiz and embodied in its Constitution was the root from which stemmed the indenpendent nations of Spanish America. We base our analysis on four cases: Spain, Chile, Peru and Mexico. We conclude that independences derived not from a direct influence from Spain but from four similar developments the likeness of which stemmed from the fact that actors equipped from the start with the same political tools managed four similar situations.Pone a prueba la hipótesis que sostiene que el origen de las naciones americanas independientes estaba en la nueva libertad proclamada en Cádiz y su Constitución. Se analizan cuatro casos: España, México, Perú y Chile. Se concluye que más que de una influencia directa se trata de cuatro respuestas paralelas a condiciones similares por parte de actores equipados con las mismas herramientas mentales

大学生のアイデンティティと職業選択の年次変化－アンケート調査結果の分析－

文系コース（教育学部、社会福祉学部、心理学部）の大学生を対象に、職業観とアイデンティティについてアンケート調査を実施した。職業未決定尺度は1年生に比べて2年生で著しく低下し、3年生で回復し、4年生になると最高値となった。一方、自己効力感尺度は1年生が最高、2年生が最低であり、3年生および4年生で回復がみられた。アイデンティティ尺度は3年生が最低であった。これらの結果は、高い職業志向を持って大学に入学するが、2年次で葛藤状態に陥り、学年次の進行とともに理想と現状との折り合いをつけて職業を選択するという変遷を示している。したがって、効果的なキャリア教育を2年次に実施することが重要と思われる