Infeksi Nosokomial Saluran Nafas Bawah (Insnb) di Rumah Sakit Khusus Penyakit Menular, Jakarta

A prospective study to determine the incidence of lower respiratory tract nosocomial infection (LRNI) was conducted at the Infectious Diseases Hospital of Jakarta (IDH) in 1982-1983 for one year duration. Samples were taken randomly from 2 group of hospitalized patients: diarrheal and febrile patients. The criteria for development of lower respiratory infection were based on history, physical examination and chest x-ray examination, which was done only Li some of the patients those with duration of hospitalization >2 days. From 2288 patients hospitalized during that period,723 (31.6%) patients fulfilled the criteria to be included in the nosocomial study, and from this group 34 (4.7%) of them met the criteria for LRNI. The LRNI was observed in almost similar percentage in both sexes of patients (4.5% in males and 4.9% in females). Comparison of different age group of patients showed that 5-11 years old children had highest rate of LRNI (14,5%) and significantly (p<0,01) compare to > 12 years old followed by children 1-4 year old (7,1%), while children <1 year had 5.9%, and the lowest rate was in > 12 years group with 2.7% Febrile patients had significantly higher rate of LRNI compared to diarrhea patients (11.6% vs 1.1%; p< 0,001). Patients who received oxygen and bronchial mucus suction had significantly higher rate of LRNI (27.4%) vs 3.1%; p<0,001) compared to those who did not (3,1%, p< 0,001). Average duration of hospitalization for patients with LRNI was longer than for patients without it (11.1 vs 5.1 days). Case fatality rate in patients with LRNI was also higher 17.7%, compared only 1.2% in patients without LRNI. Factors involved in CFR was mostly due to severity of underlying disease and respiratory failure due to pneumonia in patients who developed LRNI

Pencemaran Kuman di Lingkungan Rumah Sakit Khusus Penyakit Menular, Jakarta

A survey to establish environmental contamination was conducted at the Infectious Diseases Hospital (IDH) of Jakarta by taking swabs from 90 hospital personnels who are directly involved in patients care. These swabs were taken from their hands, nails, throat and rectum. Swabs and cultures were also obtained from 167 equipments, solid and liquid material, food from the hospital, and the air in the hospital wards. From total of 437 specimen obtained, 73.7% showed presence contaminated result. There was 100% positive culture result noted in hands and nails swabs, 94.8% culture positive for any microorganism result was obtained from throat swabs while rectal swab indicated only 4.4% rate of contamination. Results of 167 swabs from material/equipments in the hospital, showed that 85.1% of them were not sterile, this included 59.1% of 54 liquid material, 37.3% from 35 liquid material which were supposed to be sterile, 100% positive culture of 17 liquid material specimen that were supposed to be clean. From solid materials 66.7% of 51 specimen were not sterile. This included 76.2% from 21 specimen that were supposed to be sterile, and 100% from 7 specimen that supposed to be clean. Also 100% non sterility was obtained from 23 other material and 62 equipment. Recovered bacterias consisted of both gram positive and negative bacterias and almost all of them represented normal human flora. Some of them potentially could became pathogen including pathogen for nosocomial infection. From the hospital personnels hand swabs, 25.4% were spore-forming bacteria and from the throat swabs 46.7% yielded Streptococcus ~ hemolyticus, and 4.4% were positive for coliform bacteria from rectal swabs. Results of material and equipment showed majority of aerobic rods (31.5%). Some of the bacteria recovered, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter aerogenes were resistant to commonly used antibiotics in the hospital (Ampicillin, Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol)

Infeksi Nosokomial Saluran Kencing (Insk) di Rumah Sakit Khusus Penyakit Menular, Jakarta

A prospective survey to establish the incidence of urinary tract nosocomial infection (UTNI) was conducted at the Infectious Diseases Hospital of Jakarta for one year duration in 1982-1983. The study was done by taking random samples from patients hospitalized for longer than 2 days through urine cultures on day 1, 3 and 7 and other necessary examination. From 2288 patients hospitalized during that period, 723 patients (aged 2 months-70 years) met the requirement to be included in the study, and 115 (15.9%) of them met the criteria for UTNI. Female patients had higher rate of UTNI compared to male patients (19.8% vs 12.4%). The age group with highest rate of UTNI was children with < 1 year of age and the rate of UTNI decreased as the age of patients increased. Febrile patients had significantly higher rate of UTNI compared to diarrhea patients (33.4% vs 2,4%, p < 0.001). Patients who had catheterization had significantly higher rate of UTNI compared to patients without catheter placement (85.7% vs 12.3% p <0.05). Antibiotics treatment prior to hospitalization was associated with higher rate of UTNI compared to patients without it (22.8% vs 12.6% p < 0.01) as it was also observed with hospitalization for 7 days or longer (15.8% vs 11.9%) of it is compared to shorter duration of hospitalization. Gram negative bacterias were the most commonly recovered from the urine cultures compared to gram positive (89.8% vs 10.2%) with E. coli (24.2%) as the leading organism. Other recovered organism, Proteus spp and Citrobacter bacilli showed high resistancy toward antibiotics commonly used in the hospital. Average duration of hospitalization for patients with UTNI (9.6 days) was longer compared to average duration for patients without UTNI (4.4 days). Six out of 115 patients with UTNI died (5.2%) compared to only 1.3% mortality in patients without UTNI. No single factor was significantly shown to be responsible for higher mortality rate of patients with UTNI, possibly was due to more severe condition of underlying disease of patients with UTNI

Infeksi Komunitas (Ik)/infeksi Luar Rumah Sakit (Ilrs) (Community Acquired Infection) di Rumah Sakit Khusus Penyakit Menular, Jakarta

A one year prospective study was conducted at the Infectious Diseases Hospital (IDH) of Jakarta in 1982-1983 to survey the rate of community acquired infection (CAI). Blood culture, rectal swab, urine culture and in some patients cerebro spinal fluid culture were obtained randomly from hospitalized patient at the time of admission. From 723 patients with age 2 months-70 years, who were examined and fulfilled the study criteria, 504 (69,7%) patients were positive for CAI resulted in total of 611 CAIs. Based on anatomical location, this number consists of 53.5% CAI of GI Tract, 20.9% CAI of Urinary Tract, 9.5% CAI bacteremia and 0.6% CAI involving central nervous system. Incidence rate was significantly higher in female (74.1%) compared to male (65.7%) (p12 years patients (73.9%) compared to children <12 years (p<0,01). Diarrhea patients had significantly higher CAI (77.4%) compared to febrile patients (55.2%) (p<0,01). Patients who had not received antibiotic prior to admission had higher rate of CAI (70.9%) compared to who received it prior to admission (67.1%) Etiologic agents most commonly recovered were gram negative bacterias (94.9%) with Vibrio cholerae (48.6%) as the leading cause, and only 5.1% were gram positive. Some of bacteria found as the etiologic agent of CAI, were Salmonella group D, Salmonella group E4, Proteus vulgaris and ruttgerii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mima polymorpha, Alkaligenes sp showed high rate of resistancy to commonly used antibiotics. (Ampicillin, Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol and Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole). Average duration of hospitalization for CAI cases (6,4 days) was longer than in cases without CAI (4,3 days). There were 11 deaths (2.2%) in cases with CAI and 2 deaths (1.4%) in patients without CAI, with death rate was higher in males (2.4%) compared to female (1.9%), and highest was in less than 1 year old age group patient (13.6%), also significantly higher in febrile patients compared to diarrhea patients (7.2% vs 0.3%, p< 0.001). The higher mortality rate in CAI is due to more severe condition of underlying disease of patients who had CAI

Menakar Penerapan Knowledge Management di Indonesia: Sebuah Studi Literatur

The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which knowledge management has been adopted by organizations in Indonesia. For this purpose, a study was conducted through a systematic literature review to summarize the use of knowledge management in Indonesia in the last ten years. From the literature found that the level of implementation of knowledge management in Indonesia is still low, although it has experienced a significant increase since 2015. The author also found that attention on knowledge management are still dominated by academics and researchers from government body. Comparisons were made with documents index in Scopus published by authors from Indonesia and other ASEAN countries. The results show that the number of publications by Indonesian researchers is less than half of the publications made by Malaysian researchers. Of the five countries sampled, Indonesia ranks second in number of publications, but ranks 4th when measured by publication productivity&nbsp; per million population.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pengelolaan pengetahuan telah diadopsi oleh organisasi di Indonesia. Untuk keperluan ini dilakukan kajian systematic literature review untuk merangkum penggunaan knowledge management di Indonesia dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir. Dari literature didapatkan bahwa tingkat implementasi knowledge management di Indonesia masih rendah, meski telah mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan sejak tahun 2015. Peneliti juga menemukan bahwa perhatian pada knowledge management masih didominasi akademisi dan lembaga penelitian pemerintah. Perbandingan dilakukan terhadap dokumen terindeks Scopus yang dipublikasikan oleh author dari Indonesia dan negara ASEAN lainnya. Hasil perbandingan menemukan bahwa jumlah publikasi dari peneliti Indonesia kurang dari separuh dibanding publikasi yang dilakukan peneliti Malaysia. Dari kelima negara yang disampel, Indonesia masuk peringkat dua dalam jumlah publikasi, dan berada di urutan 4 jika dihitung dari produktivitas publikasi per satu juta penduduk. Untuk tahun 201

Sang Basukarna

Inti cerita Sang Basukarna melambangkan sosok satria yang mempunyai prinsip hidup dan teguh dalam pendirian. Perjalanan hidupnya semenjak ia lahir membentuk karakternya sebagai sosok yang mengerti akan apa artinya hidup. Ia mengerti bagaimana harus bersikap untuk menentukan pilihan dan mengambil keputusan. Basukarna sadar bahwa dirinya adalah seorang satria yang harus rela mengorbankan jiwa raganya demi bangsa dan negara, setia kepada raja dan selalu menepati janji, ia tidak mau disebut pengecut, munafik dan pengkhianat, walaupun harus menebusnya dengan nyawa. Berpijak dari lakon Karna Tanding tradisi Yogyakarta, perancangan ini merupakan hasil pemahaman dari beberapa sumber acuan, sehingga secara keseluruhan menambah warna sajian dalam pakeliran gaya Yogyakarta. Dalam menyusun perancangan ini menemui banyak kendala, terutama masih kurangnya sumber tertulis yang mengungkap tokoh Basukarna dan sumber tertulis tentang konsep pakeliran ringkas khususnya gaya Yogyakarta. Oleh karena itu karya ini masih jauh dari sempurna, untuk itu diperlukan eksperimen yang berkaitan dengan pakeliran ringkas dan penjiwaan tokoh, disertai evaluasi dan pengendapan materi dalam jangka waktu yang cukup lama

Pencemaran Jarum Infus Intervena (IV) di Rumah Sakit Khusus Penyakit Menular, Jakarta

A prospective survey to evaluate rate of intravenous needle contamination was conducted at Infectious Diseases Hospital of Jakarta among patients whom received intravenous (i.v.) fluid or transfusion during 1 year period in 1982-1983. The survey was conducted through random culture of the distal part of the intravenous needle placed in the patients vein after completion of intravenous treatment. The exact time for the needle placement and extraction, local and systemic reactions observed in patients, were all recorded. From 559 culture of the i.v. needles which fulfilled the survey criteria, 238 were positive, indicating 42.3% contamination rate of the i.v. needles. The rate was higher in febrile patients (47.2%) compared to diarrhea patients (41.5%) Average duration of infusion (the duration of time the needle stayed in the vein) was 38.9 hours, with average of 15.8 hours in diarrhea patients and 104,6 hours in febrile patients. Mean duration of time for local reaction development was 36.8 hours, with 24.3 hours in diarrhea patients and 65.9 hours in febrile patients. Patients with positive culture had higher rate of local reaction (17.6% vs 13.4%), systemic reaction (18.4% vs 11.8%), nosokomial bacteremia (88% vs 4,4%) and community acquired infection (5.9% vs 3.7%) compared to patients with negative cultures. For patients with longer than 48 hours infusion, 58.5% had positive culture from i.v. needles, 21.9% had local reaction, 40.2% had systemic reaction which all were higher compared to patients who had less than 48 hour infusion with p&lt;0.001, p&lt;0.02 and p&lt;0.001 respectively. Isolated bacteria from i.v. needles were 74.6% gram positive bacterias and 25.4% gram negative, with Staphylococcus epidermidis (38%) as the leading positive culture. Isolated bacteria had high rate of resistancy \u27oward commonly used antibiotics in the hospital

Analysis of the Nurse’s Turnover Intentions at Private Hospitals in Indonesia

The number of hospitals, especially private hospitals in Indonesia, keeps growing. The hospital provides services as intangible products produced by health workers or HR at the hospital, including nurses. Globally, the rate of turnover among nurses ranges from 10% to 21% per year when the optimum standard of turnover for nurses in a hospital is 10% per year [1]. High turnover rates have a detrimental impact on hospitals, in terms of management, financing, and service quality. The purpose of this study is to determine the direct and indirect effects of transformational leadership, job characteristics, and quality of work life on the desire for a turnover. This study used a cross-sectional design. For data analysis, it used a variant-based Structural Equation Model (SEM) method or generally referred to as Smart Partial Least Square/Smart PLS. The results of this study indicate that the indirect effect of transformational leadership through job characteristics on the desire to retreat (turnover intention) is the highest value influence. Based on that results, the suggestion of this study is to increase leadership management from the hospital to be prioritized. Besides that, hospital management also needs to pay attention to the quality of life of the nurses, in order to achieve the conditions of human resources that can support a realization of high work productivity. Keywords: hospital, nurse, turnover intention

The Improvement of Student Competency in a Clinical Study in Indonesia: What Factors Played An Important Role?

Background: The improvement of nursing student competency currently is still an issue for the majority of nursing education institutions in Indonesia. This is due to their partnership with hospitals having not been supported by adequate policies and other factors. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify the appropriate model for improving student competency in a clinical study. The design used in this study was an observational study with cross-sectional approach. Methods: The research design used a cross-sectional approach involving five hospitals and five Universities. Three hundred and eighty-four participants were recruited from these sites. The data was analysed using multiple logistic regression. Results: The results showed that the partnership contributed 3.36 times, the patient variations 2.96 times, the job description of the clinical educator 2.30 times, a role model 2.28 times, and the expertise of the faculty educator 2.08 times towards the achievement of student competency in the clinical study. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the partnership aspect, patient variation, job description of the clinical educator, role model, the expertise of the faculty educator, and the level of education has a significant role to improve the achievements coming from the level of student competency in the clinical study. The results of this study can be used by nursing educational institutions, hospitals and the government to organise a nursing education model for the more optimal achievement of the student's competencies

Grants as a Model of Inheritance Prospective Distribution in the Coastal Santri Community

The practice of Islamic inheritance law in Muslim communities in Indonesia experiences many obstacles. One of the reasons is that there is still a tradition of distribution of assets when parents are still alive and the prevailing kinship system. It was found in transferring property to the coastal santri community in Pekalongan City. This paper reveals the method of dividing the prospective inheritance of the coastal santri community and the mechanism for resolving disputes in the event of a dispute. This article uses a qualitative socio-legal studies approach and is descriptive and analytic. This article finds two things. First, the model for distributing the assets of the coastal santri community in Pekalongan City is carried out using grants orally and deliberation for consensus. Prospective inheritance is divided by the grant system equally, without distinguishing between men and women. The dispute resolution mechanism is carried out in negotiation and mediation