The rate of hypo-osmotic challenge influences regulatory volume decrease (RVD) and mechanical properties of articular chondrocytes

Zhao Wang is funded on a China Scholarships PhD Studentship. Jerome Irianto was supported on a project grant from The Wellcome Trust (ref no. 084717)

Application of Fuzzy Logic to Control Room Illumination Based Microcontroller

ABSTRACT An illumination room is needed by humans to recognize objects visually. Lighting has an influence on the function of a room. Therefore we need the lights as the main lighting source that can support the function room. Generally used for indoor lighting arrangements on-off principle. Lighting settings with on-off principle is based only on the condition of the light dark room, regardless of the contribution from the outside as the sun. This often resulted in inconvenience and inefficiency use of electrical energy. Therefore, adjustment is necessary lighting (illumination) generated light. Control principle used is fuzzy. Fuzzy inference system used in this room is the lighting controllers Sugeno method. The composition rules using the AND operator, while for the COG method is used defuzzyfication (Center of Gravity). As a main controller in the system using a microcontroller with input from the light sensor (LDR). The output of the controller then displayed on the LCD as a viewer and as an input the voltage regulator circuit. This system works in the room (in door) using the model of a house with three rooms as a model. From the simulation results with fuzzy control, if the setpoint of rooms 200 lux and state rooms are light at 80 lux, the light will produce light at 125 lux, if the setpoint 300 lux and 50 lux room condition, then lighting the lamp is 250 lux, and if the setpoint 150 lux and 30 lux room condition, then lighting the lamp is 125 lux. Keyword: Fuzzy controller, Illumination, Microcontrolle

"CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON IDEOLOGY OF NEGARA ISLAM INDONESIA (NII) GROUP, INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT, AND THE JAKARTA POST REPRESENTED THROUGH EDITORIALS AND HEADLINES OF THE JAKARTA POST"

This study, Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) on the Ideology of Negara IslamIndonesia (NII) group, Indonesian Government, and the Jakarta Post representedthrough the editorial and headlines of the Jakarta Post. It is aimed to know whatIdeology of Indonesian Government concerning with the NII Group and the Ideology ofNII Group reflected through mass media (headlines and editorials). The data ofeditorials and headlines published by the Jakarta Post collected for this study from2010-2013. I used analysis method of Appraisal system similar to White’s work.Through appraisal, we can uncover the Ideology of the parties in this research. Some results of the study (through the texts analyzed) are: Indonesian Government has theIdeology that NII Group must be suppressed, no place for the organization (group) inthis country, the group is negative group (a part of terrorism) which want to replace Indonesian Ideology of Pancasila with Islam Ideology and etc. But in other side, TheNII Group has the ideology that the Group has a right to live in Indonesia, the Group always Struggle for their movement, and the Group is not negative group and etc andthe Jakarta Post has the ideology of supporting the Government stance in looking at theNII Group

Speed of Adjustment and Target Dividend Payout Ratio in Indonesia

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kecepatan penyesuaian dan target rasio pembayaran dividen di Indonesia dengan menggunakan model Lintner. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 975 Perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Jakarta (BEJ) yang melakukan pembayaran dividen selama periode 1994 sampai dengan 1999. Penelitian ini menemukan empat hal penting, yaitu: pertama, selama berlangsungnya krisis moneter di Indonesia, jumlah Perusahaan yang mengumumkan earning dan membayar dividen mengalami penurunan yang signifikan. Kedua, Perusahaan-Perusahaan di Indonesia selama periode 1994-1999 cenderung lambat melakukan penyesuaian pembayaran dividen mareka terhadap target dividennya, yaitu sekitar 0,36. Hasil ini menunjukkan kecenderungan yang lebih lambat dibanding hasil penelitian sebelumnya yang dilakukan oleh Sutojo dan Irianto (1990; 1995) selama periode 1986-1993, serta Selvi (1999) selama periode 1991-1996. Ketiga, Perusahaan-Perusahaan di Indonesia selama periode 1994-1999 membayarkan dividen bagi pemegang sahamnya sebesar 0,53 dari earning yang diperolehnya. Hasil ini lebih rendah dibanding temuan penelitian sebelumnya oleh Sutojo dan Irianto (1990;1995) dan Selvi (1999). Keempat, ada kecenderungan bahwa selama periode 1994-1999 investor di Indonesia lebih berorientasi pada capital gain. Hasil ini konsisten dengan hasil penelitian sebelumnya oleh Sutojo and Irianto (1990, 1995) serta Selvi (1999)

PROFIL ATLET SEPAKBOLA RACHMAT IRIANTO DALAM PROSES PENCAPAIAN PRESTASI

Abstrak Sepakbola adalah satu cabang olahraga yang sangat populer disegala usia, baik anak-anak, remaja hingga dewasa. Rachmat Irianto adalah atlet sepakbola Indonesia yang memulai karirnya sejak masih duduk dibangku sekolah dasar dengan mengikuti sekolah sepakbola. Ia menjalani proses-proses latihan hingga kini mengantarkannya pada prestasi yang patut dibanggakan. Selain latihan rutin yang dibimbing oleh pelatih, Rachmat Irianto juga mendapat perlakukan khusus dari makanan atau asupan gizi yang dikonsumsi. Pengaturan gizi pada atlet sepakbola akan berpengaruh terhadap pencapaian prestasi atlet tersebut. Dimana dalam pengaturan gizi, perlu dianalisis kebutuhan energi dari makanan berupa karbohidrat, lemak, protein, dan lain sebagainya. Pola hidup sehat dan istirahat cukup juga menjadi indikator pencapaian prestasi yang ia dapatkan. Dukungan dari kedua orang tua dan keluarga juga menjadi support system dalam menambah motivasi ia berlatih. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses perjalanan karir atlet sepak bola seorang Rachmat Irianto dalam meraih prestasi. Dengan mengetahui proses perjalanan atlet tersebut, diharapkan dapat menginspirasi bagi masyarakat pada umumnya dan semua orang yang berminat atau berbakat pada dunia atlet sepakbola. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan auto-biografi. Data berasal dari sumber yang akurat yang didukung dengan artefak-artefak kejadian sesuai alur peristiwa. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa prestasi tidak dapat diraih secara instan, melainkan secara bertahap yang ditekuni sejak dini. Kata Kunci: Rachmat Irianto; prestasi; pemain sepakbola Abstract Football is a sport that is very popular at all ages, both children, teenagers and adults. Rachmat Irianto is an Indonesian football athlete who started his career when he was still in elementary school by attending a football school. He underwent training processes until now leading him to achievements to be proud of. In addition to routine training guided by a trainer, Rachmat Irianto also received special treatment from the food or nutritional intake he consumed. Nutrition management for football athletes will influence the athlete's achievement. In nutritional regulation, it is necessary to analyze energy requirements from food in the form of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and so on. A healthy lifestyle and adequate rest are also indicators of the achievements he gets. Support from both parents and family is also a support system in increasing his motivation to practice. The purpose of this study was to find out how the career process of Rachmat Irianto's soccer athlete in achieving achievements. By knowing the process of the athlete's journey, it is hoped that it can inspire the community in general and everyone who is interested or talented in the world of soccer athletes. This study uses qualitative research with an auto-biographical approach. Data comes from accurate sources supported by event artifacts according to the flow of events. The conclusion of this research is that achievement cannot be achieved instantly, but gradually which is practiced from an early age. Keywords: Rachmat Irianto; achievement; football player &nbsp

Rescue of DNA damage after constricted migration reveals a mechano-regulated threshold for cell cycle.

Migration through 3D constrictions can cause nuclear rupture and mislocalization of nuclear proteins, but damage to DNA remains uncertain, as does any effect on cell cycle. Here, myosin II inhibition rescues rupture and partially rescues the DNA damage marker γH2AX, but an apparent block in cell cycle appears unaffected. Co-overexpression of multiple DNA repair factors or antioxidant inhibition of break formation also exert partial effects, independently of rupture. Combined treatments completely rescue cell cycle suppression by DNA damage, revealing a sigmoidal dependence of cell cycle on excess DNA damage. Migration through custom-etched pores yields the same damage threshold, with ∼4-µm pores causing intermediate levels of both damage and cell cycle suppression. High curvature imposed rapidly by pores or probes or else by small micronuclei consistently associates nuclear rupture with dilution of stiff lamin-B filaments, loss of repair factors, and entry from cytoplasm of chromatin-binding cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase). The cell cycle block caused by constricted migration is nonetheless reversible, with a potential for DNA misrepair and genome variation

Depletion of chondrocyte primary cilia reduces the compressive modulus of articular cartilage

Primary cilia are slender, microtubule based structures found in the majority of cell types with one cilium per cell. In articular cartilage, primary cilia are required for chondrocyte mechanotransduction and the development of healthy tissue. Loss of primary cilia in Col2aCre;ift88(fl/fl) transgenic mice results in up-regulation of osteoarthritic (OA) markers and development of OA like cartilage with greater thickness and reduced mechanical stiffness. However no previous studies have examined whether loss of primary cilia influences the intrinsic mechanical properties of articular cartilage matrix in the form of the modulus or just the structural properties of the tissue. The present study describes a modified analytical model to derive the viscoelastic moduli based on previous experimental indentation data. Results show that the increased thickness of the articular cartilage in the Col2aCre;ift88(fl/fl) transgenic mice is associated with a reduction in both the instantaneous and equilibrium moduli at indentation strains of greater than 20%. This reveals that the loss of primary cilia causes a significant reduction in the mechanical properties of cartilage particularly in the deeper zones and possibly the underlying bone. This is consistent with histological analysis and confirms the importance of primary cilia in the development of a mechanically functional articular cartilage

A Preliminary Report on the Utilization of PSO for Solving the Hamiltonian Systems

When one uses the Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle for solving fixed-time and fixedendpoint optimal control problems, one will face a Hamiltonian system. The Hamiltonian system consists of a pair of differential equations. The first equation is equipped with initial and final condition, but the second one lacks any boundary conditions. Thus, in most cases, one cannot solve this problem directly. This is a classic difficulty for using the maximum principle. We will proposed a new method for overcoming this difficulty here. This method utilizes an algorithm called Particle Swarm Optimization or PSO. At the end this paper will present some numerical result

SPEED OF ADJUSTMENT AND TARGET DIVIDEND PAYOUT RATIO IN INDONESIA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kecepatan penyesuaian dan target rasio pembayaran dividen di Indonesia dengan menggunakan model Lintner. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 975 perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Jakarta (BEJ) yang melakukan pembayaran dividen selama periode 1994 sampai dengan 1999. Penelitian ini menemukan empat hal penting, yaitu: pertama, selama berlangsungnya krisis moneter di Indonesia, jumlah perusahaan yang mengumumkan earning dan membayar dividen mengalami penurunan yang signifikan. Kedua, perusahaan-perusahaan di Indonesia selama periode 1994-1999 cenderung lambat melakukan penyesuaian pembayaran dividen mareka terhadap target dividennya, yaitu sekitar 0,36. Hasil ini menunjukkan kecenderungan yang lebih lambat dibanding hasil penelitian sebelumnya yang dilakukan oleh Sutojo dan Irianto (1990; 1995) selama periode 1986-1993, serta Selvi (1999) selama periode 1991-1996. Ketiga, perusahaan-perusahaan di Indonesia selama periode 1994-1999 membayarkan dividen bagi pemegang sahamnya sebesar 0,53 dari earning yang diperolehnya. Hasil ini lebih rendah dibanding temuan penelitian sebelumnya oleh Sutojo dan Irianto (1990;1995) dan Selvi (1999). Keempat, ada kecenderungan bahwa selama periode 1994-1999 investor di Indonesia lebih berorientasi pada capital gain. Hasil ini konsisten dengan hasil penelitian sebelumnya oleh Sutojo and Irianto (1990, 1995) serta Selvi (1999). Kata Kunci: Kecepatan penyesuaian, Rasio target pembayaran dividen, Model Lintner, Orientasi capital gain