继电保护实验教学的改进与探索

探讨了自主创新综合实验方案,加强了识图能力和动手能力训练,改进了实验内容、教学方法、成绩构成等继电保护实验教学环节。有利于激发学生的学习激情,充分发挥学生的主观能动性和参与积极性,提高学生的实践创新能力和解决问题的能力,取得了良好的教学效果。厦门大学新世纪高等教育教学改革工程立项项目的研究成

PLC在电厂电动机星-三角启动中的应用

文章简要介绍了PLC星三角降压启动原理及应用程序软件。由于PLC与传统继电器在电动机启动方面相比具有显著的优势,抗振性(AC)和电磁兼容性(EMC)好,冲击电流小等,可靠性、稳定性和安全性都更高。据此详细介绍了西门子PLC在电动机星-三角启动中的应用。对于PLC在相关行业和领域电动机启动的应用有着较强的通用性与参考价值

Clinical significance of RRM1, CDX2 expression in different gastric mucosa lesions

目的探讨核苷酸还原酶亚单位M1（ribonucleotide reductase M1,RRM1）、尾型同源盒转录因子2（caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2,CDX2）在不同胃黏膜组织中的表达,并分析其与胃癌发生发展及预后的关系。方法选取中国人民解放军第一七五医院病理科保存的组织蜡快240例,其中胃癌90例、高级别上皮内瘤变30例、低级别上皮内瘤变30例、肠上皮化生30例、浅表性胃炎30例、正常胃黏膜30例,采用S-P免疫组化方法检测6类不同胃黏膜组织RRM1、CDX2表达,进行临床病理相关性分析。结果正常胃黏膜、浅表性胃炎、肠上皮化生、低级别上皮内瘤变、高级别上皮内瘤变和胃癌中RRM1的阳性表达分别为40.0%、66.7%、33.3%、83.3%、83.3%、86.7%,胃癌、高级别上皮内瘤变、低级别上皮内瘤变组RRM1的阳性表达率均显著高于正常胃黏膜组与肠上皮化生组（P〈0.01）,亦高于浅表性胃炎组（P〈0.05）。CDX1的阳性表达分别为16.7%、0%、63.3%、33.3%、76.7%、61.1%,高级别上皮内瘤变、肠上皮化生、胃癌组的CDX2阳性表达率均显著高于浅表性胃炎组与正常胃黏膜组（P〈0.01）,高于低级别上皮内瘤变组（P〈0.05）。240例不同胃黏膜病变中,RRM1与CDX2之间表达呈正相关（rs=0.196,P=0.002）,90例胃癌中RRM1与CDX2之间呈正相关关系（rs=0.223,P=0.034）;RRM1、CDX2表达与肿瘤分化程度密切相关（P〈0.05）,CDX2表达与肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期密切相关（P〈0.05）。结论 RRM1、CDX2表达均与胃癌的发生发展及预后有关,均可作为较为理想的肿瘤标志物,用于胃癌的早期诊断和转移的预警。Objective To explore the expression of ribonucleotide reductase M! （RRM1）and caudal- related homeobox transcription factor 2 （CDX2） in different gastric mucosa lesions and evaluate its relationship with the occurrence, development and prognosis of gastric cancer. Methods A total of 240 cases were selected from Department of Pathology of 175th Hospital of PLA, including 90 cases of gastric cancer,30 cases of highgrade intraepithelial neoplasia,30 cases of lowgrade intraepithelial neoplasia,30 cases of intestinal metaplasia, 30 cases of superficial gastritis, 30 cases of normal gastric mucosa. Expression of RRM1 and CDX2 was detected with immunohistochemistry SP method. Results The frequency of RRM1 expression were 86.7% ,83.3% and 83.3% in gastric cancer group, high - grade intraepithelial neoplasia group and low - grade intraepithelial neoplasia group, respectively. The frequencies were all higher than that in superficial gastritis group （66.7% ,P 〈0.05） and that in intestinal metaplasia group （33.3% ,P 〈0.01 ）. The frequency of RRM1 expression was higher in superficial gastritis group than that in intestinal metaplasia group（ P 〈 0.05 ）. The frequency of CDX2 expression were 76.7% ,63.3% and 61.1% in high - grade intraepithelial neoplasia group, intestinal metaplasia group and gastric cancer group, respectively. The frequencies were all higher than that in low - grade intraepithelial neoplasia group （33.3% ,P 〈 0.05 ） and that in superficial gastritis group （0%, P 〈 0.01 ）. In 240 cases of different gastric mucosa lesions, RRM1 expression was positively correlated with CDX2 expression（rs = 0. 196, P = 0. 002）. In 90 cases of gastric cancer, RRM1 expression was positively correlated with CDX2 （ r = 0. 223, P = 0. 034）. The expression of RRM1 and CDX2 were related with the differentiation degree （ P 〈 0.05 ）. CDX2 expression was related with the tumor invasion depth, TNM stages and the lymph node metastasis （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion The expression of RRM1 and福建省教育厅B类科技基金资助项目（JB12319

Fast 3-D surface information acquisition based on smart camera

为了大幅度提高三维信息获取速度,提出了一种基于智能相机和激光三角法的高速三维信息获取与表面重建的系统,介绍了该系统的硬件架构和信号处理。实验结果表明,采用数字信号处理器和并行处理方式,该系统获取三维表面信息速度可达5600点/s以上。Acquiring 3-D surface information by means of laser triangulation is a kind of active vision measurement.In order to improve the measurement speed,a fast 3-D information acquisition and surface reconstruction system based on smart camera and laser triangulation was presented.The hardware construction and data processing flow of the system was introduced.Because of applying of the digital signal processor(DSP) and parallel processing,the result of experiment shows that the speed of acquisition can reach 5600 dots/s.国家自然科学基金资助项目(60375011);; 安徽省自然科学优秀青年科技基金资助项目(04042044);; 国家自然科学基金国际合作项目(2005年度中德合作PPP基金资助项目60416312);; 新世纪优秀人才支持计划资助项目(NCET-04-0560

Distribution of HPV genotypes of cervical lesions patients in Zhangzhou district

目的：了解漳州地区人乳头瘤病毒（human papilomavirus,HPV）基因型与宫颈病变的关系.方法：应用基因芯片技术对200例宫颈病变患者石蜡组织标本进行24种HPV基因型检测,以组织病理学诊断作为宫颈病变确诊的金标准.结果：（1）200例标本中,HPV阳性率为51.50 %;检出20种基因型,常见基因型依次是HPV16（27.97 %）、HPV18（8.39 %）、HPV58（8.39 %）、HPV59（7.69 %）、HPV54（7.69 %）;其中低危型HPV占16.08 %,以HPV54、HPV6和HPV70多见;高危型HPV为83.92 %,以HPV16、HPV18、HPV58和HPV59多见;HPV单一感染率与多重感染率分别为67.96 %和32.04 %,以合并HPV16的多重感染为最常见,占42.42 %.（2）HPV感染率随着年龄增加而增加,以年龄≥60岁年龄段阳性率（66.67 %）最高,但各年龄段HPV感染率差异无统计学意义（P＆gt;0.05）.（3）不同类型HPV基因型可引起不同程度宫颈病变,慢性宫颈炎、低级别宫颈上皮内瘤变（L-CIN）、高级别宫颈上皮内瘤变（H-CIN）和宫颈鳞癌,常见基因型分别依次是HPV54、HPV16/HPV51/HPV58;HPV59、HPV53/HPV58;HPV16、HPV58/HPV59;HPV16、HPV18、HPV51/HPV54,而HPV16、HPV18与宫颈病变相关（P＆lt;0.05）.（4）HPV感染率随着宫颈病变进展而增加（P＆lt;0.05）;不同宫颈病变中多重感染率低于单一感染率（P＆lt;0.05）;多重感染、低危型多重感染、高危型感染、高危型多重感染、高低混合型多重感染的各组感染率在不同级别宫颈病变差异有统计学意义（P＆lt;0.05）.结论：随着宫颈病变进展HPV感染率呈升高的趋势,持续高危型感染和多重感染是加重宫颈病变的重要因素,HPV16、HPV18基因型感染不但多见而且使宫颈癌的患病风险增加.Objective：To investigate the relationship between human papilomavirus （HP） genotypes and cervical lesions in Zhangzhou district. Method： The gene chip technology was adopted to test 24 types of HPV genotypes in paraffin tissue from ：200 cases of patients with cervical lesions, and histopathological diagnosis was used as gold standard for cervical lesions confirmation. Results： （1）In the 200 specimens, the positive rate of HPV was 51.50% （103/200）, 20 genotypes were detected, and the common types were HPV16 （27.97 % ）, HPV18 （8.39 % ）, HPV58 （8.39 % ）, HPV59 （7.69 % ） and HPV54 （7.69 % ）. In the HPV posi- tive cases, the rates of low - risk type of HPV were 16.08%, and the common types were HPV54, HPV 6 and HPV70; the rates of high - risk type of HPV were 83. 92 %, and the common types were HPV16, HPV18, HPV58 and HPV59 ; the rates of simple infection and multiple infection were 67.96 % and 32.04 % respective ly, and HPV 16 merged multiple infection was the most common, accounting for 42.42 %. （2） The infection rate of HPV increased with the increase of age, the posi- tive rate in above 60 years group was the highest （66.67 % ）, but there were no significant differences among different age groups （ P 〉 0.05 ）. （~ HPV of different genotype could induce different cervical lesions, such as chronic cervicitis, low - CIN, high - CIN, squamous cell carcinoma, and the common types were HPV54, HPVI6 / HPV51 / HPV58, HPV59, HPV53 / HPV58, HPV16, I-IPV58 / HPV59, HPV16, HPV18, HPV51 / HPV54. HPVI6 and HPVI8 were closely correla- ted with the cervical lesions （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The infection rate of HPV increased with the progression of cervical lesions （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; The rates of multiple HPV in- fection were significantly lower than that of single HPV infection in different cervical lesions （ P 〈0.05 ） ; There were statistical dift~rences in the rates of the multiple r infection, low - risk multiple infection, high - risk infection, high - risk漳州市自然科学基金科技项目（ZZ2012J21

Expression and clinical significance of RRM1,CDX2 in gastric cancer tissues

目的探讨RRM1、CDX2在胃癌组织中的表达,并分析其与胃癌侵袭与转移的关系。方法选取90例术前未行放化疗的胃癌石蜡标本及与其对应正常胃黏膜蜡标本30例,采用SP免疫组化方法检测RRM1和CDX2在两种组织中表达情况,分析二者表达与分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期之间的关系。结果 （1）RRM1、CDX2在胃癌中的阳性表达率均显著高于正常胃黏膜组（86.7%vs 40.0%,P〈0.01;61.1%vs 16.7%,P〈0.01）。（2）90例胃癌中,RRM1与CDX2二者之间呈正相关关系（r_s=0.223,P=0.034）;RRM1、CDX2表达与分化程度密切相关（P〈0.05）,CDX2表达与浸润深度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期密切相关（P〈0.05）,RRM1表达与浸润深度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期无相关（P〉0.05）。结论 RRM1、CDX2可作为较为理想的肿瘤标志物,用于胃癌的诊断和预后的预警。Objective To explore the expression of RRM1 and CDX2 in gastric cancer tissues and its relationship with invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer. Methods Expression of RRM1 and CDX2 was detected in 90 cases of gastric cancer without preoperative chemoradiotherapy and 30 cases of normal gastric mucosa using immunohistochemistry SP method. The relationships of RRM1 and CDX2 expression with differentiation degree,tumor invasion depth,TNM stage and lymph node metastasis were analyzed. Results（1）The positive expression rates of RRM1 and CDX2 were both significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues than in those of normal gastric mucosa（86. 7% vs 40. 0%,P 〈 0. 01; 61. 1% vs 16. 7%,P 〈 0. 01）.（2） The expression of RRM1 in 90 cases of gastric cancer was positively correlated with CDX2（ r_s= 0. 223,P = 0. 034）. The expression of RRM1 and CDX2 was related with differentiation degree（ P〈 0. 05）. The expression of CDX2 was related with tumor invasion depth,TNM stage and lymph node metastasis（ P 〈 0. 05）. The expression of RRM1 was not related with tumor invasion depth,TNM stage,lymph node metastasis（ P 〉 0. 05）. Conclusion RRM1 and CDX2 can be used as ideal tumor markers in diagnosis of gastric cancer and prognosis.福建省教育厅B类科技基金资助项目（JB12319

3D vision measurement based on shape from silhouette

提出了一种将SHAPE frOM SIlHOuETTE(SfS)技术应用在三坐标机上的新方法,即用摄像机获取图像,用三坐标机作移动平台,构建视觉测量系统,应用SfS技术对物体进行三维测量。该视觉测量系统扩展了坐标机功能,扩大了其应用范围。实验结果表明,该视觉测量系统具有SfS技术和坐标机两者的优点,重构物体三维模型的过程简单快捷,精度高于0.4MM,其结果可作为坐标机智能测量的基础,是一种非常实用的方法。Shape from Silhouette(SfS) is a passive non-contact 3D measurement method,which is used in 3D modeling and reverse engineering etc.Using SfS method,a simple,low cost,efficient and accurate 3D information acquisition system can be established and the request of the surface material of the object that is measured is low.Compared to laser scanning,SfS can also measure an object with hole.A new method that Shape from Silhouette is applied to measure the objects in coordinate metrology is proposed,that is the vision measurement system is made up of the camera,the coordinate metrology and SfS.Intelligent measurement is carried out on the vision measurement system to 3D reconstruction and consequently the precision is improved.The functions of coordinate metrology are expanded and the applications of coordinate metrology are enlarged by the system.The running experiment results on the vision measurement system show that this system has SfS and coordinate metrology's advantages.The approach to 3D reconstruction is very efficient and the accuracy is higher than 0.4mm.This approach is a much applied way and it can be a foundation of intelligent measurement

Significances of detection of 24 genetypes of HPV in diagnosis of cervical lesions

目的:应用基因芯片技术检测宫颈疾病中人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)的基因型及分布特点,并探讨其临床意义。方法:应用基因芯片技术,对经病理确诊200例宫颈癌前病变及宫颈癌的患者进行24种HPV基因型检测,分析HPV基因型与宫颈病变的相关性。结果:1总共检出24种HPV基因型中的20种基因型,居前5位是HPV16、HPV18、HPV58、HPV59、HPV54,其中高危型HPV占83.9%,以HPV16、HPV18、HPV58多见;低危型占16.1%,以HPV54、HPV6、HPV70多见;2慢性宫颈炎、CIn和宫颈鳞癌居前4位基因型分别是HPV54、HPV16、HPV51、HPV58,HPV16、HPV59、HPV58、HPV18,HPV16、HPV18、HPV51、HPV54,而高危型HPV基因型分别占73.1%、91.0%、76.9%;3HPV感染率为51.5%,随着宫颈病变程度增加而增加(P<0.05);HPV感染率在不同宫颈病变中单一感染率明显高于多重感染率(P<0.05);多重感染、高危型感染、高低混合型感染的各组感染率在不同级别宫颈病变差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:HPV感染率随着宫颈病变进展而升高,高危型HPV基因型是宫颈癌变的早期事件,多重感染是加重宫颈病变的重要因素,24种HPV基因型检测在宫颈癌筛查和防治过程中具有重要意义。Objective: To use gene chip technology to detect genetypes and distribution characteristics of human papillomavirus( HPV) in cervical disease,and discuss their clinical significances.Methods: The gene chip technology was used to detect 24 genetypes of HPV in paraffin tissue from 200 cases of patients' pathologically diagnosed samples with cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer.Correlations among the genotypes of HPV and the cervical lesions were analyzed.Results: 120 of 24 genetypes of HPV were detected,5 of the popular types were HPV 16,HPV18,HPV58,HPV59 and HPV54.The rate of high-risk type of HPV was83.9%,and the popular types were HPV 16,HPV18 and HPV58.The rate of low-risk type of HPV was 16.1%,the popular types were HPV 54,HPV6 and HPV70.2In chronic cervicitis,CIN,and squamous carcinoma of the cervix,4 of the popular types were HPV 54,HPV16,HPV51 and HPV58,HPV 16,HPV59,HPV58 and HPV18,and HPV 16,HPV18,HPV51 and HPV54,respectively; and the genetypes of high-risk type of HPV accounted for 73.1%,91.0% and 76.9%,respectively.3The infection rate of HPV was 51.5% and increased with the aggravation of cervical lesions( P < 0.05).The rate of single HPV infection was significantly higher than that of multiple HPV infection in different cervical lesions( P < 0.05).There were statistical differences of the multiple HPV rate,high-risk HPV rate,and mixed type of low-risk and high-risk of HPV rate among different grades of cervical lesions( P< 0.05).Conclusions: The HPV infection rate is increasing with the progression of cervical lesions.The genetypes of high-risk type HPV is an early event of cervical lesions.The multiple HPV infection can aggravate the cervical lesions.The detection of 24 genetypes of HPV plays important roles in screening,prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.漳州市自然科学基金科技项目(编号:ZZ2012J21

Character of Sand Beach Dynamic Despositional Environment in Xiamen University

通过在研究区海滩进行定位采样,结果表明,研究区海滩中潮位附近浅表层物质主要由粗砂至极粗砂的颗粒组成,各正态组分间的截点与频率分布曲线上低谷的位置并不一一对应,这些特征都与本区的强水动力有密切关系。The test at the beach of Xiamen University puttes forward,that the substances near the tested area's tidal stage are composed of coarse sand and extreme coarse sand,and each normal distribution group's cut-off point can't correspond to the frequency distribution line's all-time low position.The characteristicses have an close relation with the tested area's strong hydrodynnamical

Character of Sand Beach Dynamic Despositional Environment in Xiamen University

通过在研究区海滩进行定位采样,结果表明,研究区海滩中潮位附近浅表层物质主要由粗砂至极粗砂的颗粒组成,各正态组分间的截点与频率分布曲线上低谷的位置并不一一对应,这些特征都与本区的强水动力有密切关系。The test at the beach of Xiamen University puttes forward,that the substances near the tested area's tidal stage are composed of coarse sand and extreme coarse sand,and each normal distribution group's cut-off point can't correspond to the frequency distribution line's all-time low position.The characteristicses have an close relation with the tested area's strong hydrodynnamical