FVCOM-based Numerical Simulation of Storm Surge in the Xiamen Bay

中国沿海的风暴潮灾害位于所有海洋灾害之首，每年风暴潮灾害都会造成重大的经济损失和人员伤亡。因此，开展风暴潮的模拟研究是非常必要的。本文选取风暴潮灾害多发的台湾海峡作为研究区域，重点研究台湾海峡西岸的厦门湾的风暴潮变化过程。 本研究基于FVCOM和SWAN建立了台湾海峡-厦门湾海域的潮汐-风暴潮-波浪耦合模型。首先基于厦门湾潮汐潮流模型对厦门湾三维潮汐潮流进行研究，与厦门湾实测资料对比并分析了厦门湾的潮汐潮流性质。研究结果表明：厦门湾潮波主要由台湾海峡经金门岛两侧水道进入湾内，其中金门岛南侧的潮波一支通过金门水道和金门岛北侧的潮波汇合，另一支向西传播进入九龙江。厦门湾口的潮波主要受台湾海峡潮波...In coastal areas of China, storm surge is the most serious marine disaster causing countless economics losses and human casualties every year. So, studies on storm surge are quite necessary. This study focuses on the west coast of Taiwan strait, Xiamen, where storm surge disaster is liable to occur. A 3-D numerical tidal model based on the Finite Volume Coast and Ocean Model (FVCOM) for the X...学位：理学硕士院系专业：海洋与地球学院_物理海洋学学号：2232012115135

Distribution Characteristics of Suspended Sediment and Dynamic Analysis in the Xiamen Bay

利用2011年1月厦门湾3个观测站声学多普勒流速剖面仪(AdCP)回波强度数据与现场水样采集反演出了悬沙浓度,并估算了单宽输沙量.经统计分析表明,厦门湾冬季1月份整体悬沙浓度较小,西海域悬沙浓度大于东海域,近水面悬沙浓度小,由表层到底层逐渐递增;而在时序分布上,悬沙浓度变化与潮流密切相关,呈现出往复运移的趋势,并且大潮期间的悬沙浓度大于小潮期间的悬沙浓度.此外,厦门湾内单宽输沙量一般在半潮面时最大,而在湾外,单宽输沙量在接近平潮或停潮时达到最大,冬季净输沙量整体较小.The suspended sediment concentration(SSC) and the sediment transport rate in Xiamen Bay were calculated,based on the backscattered signals observed by the acoustic doppler current profilers(ADCP),which had been calibrated against in situ bottle samples of the suspended sediment in January 2011.The statistical analyses show that the SSC of Xiamen Bay is low in January,and the SSC in Xiamen Western Bay is larger than the SSC in Xiamen Eastern Bay.The retrieval results also show regular vertical variation,that the SSC increases from the surface layer to bottom layer.Moreover,by analysis of time series,the SSC variations in a tidal cycle also have close relation with tidal currents.In addition,the high concentrations of suspended sediment coincide with the stronger tidal currents due to the tidal dispersion and vertical mixing.Furthermore,the net sediment transport is low in winter and sediment transport rate reaches its maximum in a tidal cycle at half-tide level in the inner bay of Xiamen,while the maximum of sediment transport rate is at slack tide in the outer bay.福建省科技厅专项经费项目(2010Y0064); 厦门市海洋与渔业局专项经费项

Numerical simulation of typhoon waves in the waters around Xisha Bay,Fujian during 0908 typhoon Morakot

联合SWAn模型和改进的椭圆型缓坡方程,结合考虑台湾海峡地形效应的改进藤田公式风场模型,建立了台湾海峡及近岸波浪场的数值嵌套模式.边界采用波谱离散驱动,模拟了0908号台风“莫拉克“期间台湾海峡波浪场的演变和崇武西沙湾浅水台风浪传播的物理过程.以实测数据进行单点验证表明,整个模拟过程风速的平均绝对误差为3.38 M/S,波高的平均绝对误差为0.30 M,计算结果较好地反映海峡内波浪对台风的响应过程.“莫拉克“台风登陆台湾岛时,台湾海峡有效波高最大值为5.0 M;台风中心进入台湾海峡后,海峡东北部为巨浪到狂涛,有效波高最大值可达10.5 M.接近福建崇武沿岸时,偏E向台风浪向西沙湾内近岸传播,发生浅化、破碎、反射、绕射等变形现象,有效波高最大不足2 M,最小仅为0.2 M,波向趋于SE向,波峰线则趋于与峡湾岸线平行;崇武闽台贸易码头附近,大部分波浪受到阻挡作用发生反射,少部分发生绕射,使得码头以北水域波浪较小,有效波高仅为0.2~0.6 M,对湾内避风坞起到较好的保护作用.Combining the SWAN model and the modified elliptic type mild-slope equation,the paper proposed the nested wave model of the Taiwan Strait and coastal waters,also included the wind field model based on a modified Fujita formula that considers the terrain effect of the Taiwan Strait.Using the driving of wave spectrum discretization,it could simulate the evolution of the wave field in the Taiwan Strait and the physical propagation processing of typhoon waves in the Chongwu Xisha Bay during the typhoon Morakot(0908).Comparision with measured data showed that the mean absolute deviation of the wind in the whole simulation process was 3.38m/s,and that of the wave was 0.30m,so the simulating results reflected the response of wave in the strait to typhoon well.Morakot landed on Taiwan with the maximum significant wave height of 5.0m in the strait.After the typhoon center moved into the strait,the waves of northeast strait became high or very high,and the maximum significant wave height was 10.5m.Moreover,it occurred that shoaling,wave breaking,reflection,and diffraction when the typhoon center approached Chongwu and the east typhoon wave propagated into Xisha Bay,then the maximum significant wave height was less than 2m and the minimum value was 0.2m.While the wave direction turned into southeast,and the wave crest line approached to be parallel to the fjord coastline gradually.Owing to the blockade by the trade dock,most waves were reflected and a few waves were diffracted into the bay,making the wave around the north dock very small,with a significant wave height of only 0.2 to 0.6m,and it could protect the shelter port in inner bay to a relatively good extent.福建908专项资助项目(FJ908-01-01-ZH); 国家海洋局海洋公益性行业科研专项资助项目(201005012-4); 福建省科技计划重点资助项目(2010Y0064

Numerical Simulation on Water Exchange in Tieshan Bay Based on a Random Walk Model

采用三维浅海水动力模型和粒子随机游动模型,模拟了铁山港潮汐、潮流场,分析了湾内水体平均驻留时间的时空特征和物质迁移特征.研究结果表明,铁山港海水交换主要受潮汐控制,上层海水与湾外水交换率大,平均驻留时间为9.84d,下层海水为25.18d;腹大口小的海湾内湾顶水交换较慢,湾口和湾中水交换较快;落潮期水体交换速度明显快于涨潮期.采用单点中性粒子追踪公馆河入海处等5个较典型位置水体的运动轨迹,结果表明北暮—营盘附近口门海域和石头埠沿岸水交换活跃,利于水体物理自净扩散;湾顶、白沙河和沙田均水交换缓慢,容易造成物质的沿岸堆积.The tides and tidal currents in Tieshan Bay were simulated with a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model together with a random walk particle-tracking model.The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of mean residence time and transportation of substances in Tieshan Bay were analyzed as well.The structure of the tidal currents was revealed to play a decisive role in water exchange in Tieshan Bay.Higher exchange rate was shown in the upper layer.The mean residence time was 9.84 dfor the upper layer,and 25.18 dfor the bottom layer.The capability of water exchange decreased significantly from mouth to top of the bay and was distinctly higher in the low-flow periods than that in the high-flow periods.Single neutral particle undergoing advection-dispersion was introduced at five typical locations in the flow model,and the path lines were simulated.Resulting from a single particle tracking run,the water exchange was faster in the area of Beimu-Yingpan and Shitoubu,which could be conducive to the physical self-purification.Moreover,the water exchange was slower in the top of the bay,as well as Baisha river and Shatian,leading to substances accumulated along the coast easily.海洋公益性行业科研专项(2010418012); 福建省科技计划重点项目(2010Y0064

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials