On the Contract for Transferring Water Rights

我国是世界上十三个最严重缺水的国家和地区之一，水资源短缺已成为制约我国经济社会发展的重要因素。然而，长期以来计划经济思路一直主导我国自然资源配置，严重制约了水资源的有效配置。水权和水权市场作为实现水资源优化配置的经济手段，成为人们的共识。水权转让合同制度是水权市场建立的基础。 本文探讨了水权转让合同制度的具体内容，除去引言和结语，正文分为以下五章： 第一章“水权界定”，水权界定是水权转让的前提，本章分析了学术界对水权概念的分歧，并具体阐述了水权的性质和特征，对水权作了初步界定：水权是指权利人依法对地表水和地下水资源使用、收益的权利。 第二章“水权转让合同的概念与性质”，在水权界定的基础上...China is one of the thirteen most serious water shortage countries in the world. And water shortage has become an important factor restricting our countries’ economic and social development. However, the planned economic thinking has dominated the distribution of natural resources in a long period, which seriously constrained the efficient allocation of water resources. As the economic means of ef...学位：法学硕士院系专业：法学院法律系_民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学)学号：20040803

中国诊所法律教育的课程要素与支持系统

中国法学会诊所法律教育专业委员会《构建适合我国法学教育的诊所法律课程设置模式》研究课题的阶段性成

农村房屋买卖的法律困境与路径选择

农村房屋是农民的最主要财产,现行法律对农村房屋买卖采取的是严格限制的态度,目的在于保护农民、农村的利益。然而社会经济的发展却要求国家放开对农村房屋买卖的限制,二者之间存在矛盾。本文分析了当前农村房屋买卖的法律困境与路径的选择,希冀对解决困境有所助益

植物查尔酮合成酶超基因家族的分子进化

查尔酮合成酶(CHS)超基因家族又称为植物类型III聚酮合酶超基因家族,其编码酶通过催化和合成一系列结构多样及生理活性各异的次生代谢物,在植物生长发育和适应环境的过程中扮演着重要角色。为全面了解CHS超基因家族在植物中的进化规律,重建其进化历史,该研究利用14种具有全基因组数据的代表植物,通过生物信息学手段,深入挖掘和分析了不同植物类群基因组中查尔酮合成酶超基因家族的成员构成,推测了其可能的扩增机制和功能分歧,并探讨了该超基因家族在植物中的总体进化趋势。结果共识别144条具有表达信息的同源序列,它们全部来自9种陆生植物的基因组,藻类植物基因组中没有发现相关序列。系统发育和进化分析表明,CHS超基因家族的起源古老,它们可能为适应复杂的生态环境而出现在早期的陆生植物中,之后在长期的进化过程中不断发生谱系的特异扩张和拷贝丢失,最后通过功能分歧的形式在不同植物类群中被分别固定。此外,进化检验也显示,尽管CHS超基因家族内部发生了多样的遗传改变,但整个超基因家族仍处于强烈的纯化选择之下,并且个体基因中也无任何单氨基酸位点受到正向选择的影响

Calibrated Parameters of Likelihood Ratio Test Based on Probability Integral Translation

提出有关列联表面貌的预测和似然比检验的预测误差推理方法,用于单向有序列联表和小样本的预测.其目的是提供预测准确度和高效的分析工具,以及更普遍的预测检验能力.仿真实验显示,该方法可以用于通常的小样本.若似然比检验所得到的P值结论与单向有序列联表的面貌不一致时,应依据基于概率积分变换的0.074校准参数修正P值误差,使P值结论与单向有序列联表的面貌一致.我们将似然比检验的预测误差推理方法应用到胃病的分析,得到证型的胃痛严重度参数与列联表面貌的预测一致的结果.We develop procedures for inference about the predictions of contingency table profile and the prediction errors of likelihood ratio test,when there is a contingency table where one factor as ordinal variable and with small sample sizes.The aim is to provide tools for analysis of predictive accuracy and efficiency,and,more generally,of predictive ability.Simulations indicate that the procedures can work well in samples of size typically available.If P-value conclusions of likelihood ratio test do not consistent with profile predictions of contingency table,we should revise P-value error of 0.074 calibration parameters based on probability integral translation,make P-value conclusion consistent with profile predictions of contingency table with one factor as ordinal variable.国家自然科学基金(60803078

DTI在通信网中的应用研究

对将广电网中采用的DTI（有线电缆数据服务定时接口）时间同步技术应用到通信网中进行了探索性研究,结合DTI的技术特点,分析了DTI在通信网中所需解决的关键问题,得出DTI技术在进行参数转换后可移植到通信网中成为UTI（通用定时接口）技术的可行性结论,最后对UTI技术在通信网中的应用场景进行了分析与展望

近30年来喜马拉雅山脉西段纳木那尼峰地区冰川变化的遥感监测研究

本文从1976,1990,1999的Landsat及2003年ASTER系列数字遥感影像上提取了喜马拉雅山脉西段纳木那尼峰地区的4期冰川空间分布数据,在Arc/Info中综合各期数据,建立研究区1976—2003年冰川变化图谱,定量分析了纳木那尼峰地区冰川的空间变化。图谱这种数据集成的方法明显优于直接将各期影像分类结果进行比较的传统研究方法。研究结果表明,纳木那尼峰地区的冰川以广泛退缩为主,但北部也有少量前进冰川存在。自1976年到2003年,冰川面积从84.41km2减少到77.29km2,各时段分别以平均0.17km/a,0.19km/a和0.77km/a的速度在退缩,冰川退缩明显加速。冰川退缩面积占研究区总面积的8.4%,明显比高亚洲冰川平均退缩比例(7%)大,表明西喜马拉雅山脉的冰川退缩比较严重

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials