企业“恩威并施”对待其客户吗——基于财务杠杆策略性使用的经验证据

本文从策略博弈的视角,实证考察供应商企业在与客户的竞合博弈过程中对财务杠杆的策略性使用。实证研究发现,供应商企业在与客户的博弈过程中,策略性地运用财务杠杆对客户\"恩威并施\",实证结果表明客户集中度与财务杠杆之间存在明显的正U型关系:一方面,当客户集中度处在较低阶段时,为了吸引和诱导客户进行关系型投资,供应商企业通过降低财务杠杆向客户\"示好\";另一方面,当客户集中度处在较高阶段时,为了防范\"客大欺店\"的\"敲竹杠\"风险,提升自身议价能力,供应商企业又策略性地选择高财务杠杆向客户\"示威\"。进一步研究发现,企业间的信任水平、供应商企业的市场势力以及供应商企业所处的行业特征等,对供应商企业在与其客户博弈过程中对财务杠杆的策略性使用具有明显的调节效应

分光光度法测定多晶硅中铁和铝

将多晶硅(硅粉)用氢氟酸和硝酸二次溶解,用高氯酸的二次冒烟去除氟离子对铝的干扰,用3 cm的比色皿解决铁低灵敏度带来的误差大的问题。使用分光光度法准确测定多晶硅中铁和铝的含量。研究了显色条件对显色反应的影响,确定最佳实验条件。结果表明,在pH3~5的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液中,铁与5 mL 0.25 g/L的1,10-二氮杂菲10 min后生成稳定的红色络合物,且在2~10μg/50 mL范围内服从比尔定律;在pH 5.5~6.1的六次亚甲基四胺缓冲溶液中,铝与5 mL 0.3 g/L的铬天青-S在15 min后形成稳定的紫红色络合物,且在4~16μg/50 mL范围内服从比尔定律。用分光光度法能准确测定纯度为99.99%多晶硅(硅粉)中铁和铝含量,并与ICP-AES法测试结果对比,相对误差在5%左右

Sulphate reducing bacteria in core sediments from the Canada Basin and the Chukchi Sea

对取自北极楚科奇海及加拿大海盆的10个沉积物岩芯分别在4℃、25℃培养温度下进行硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)分析,结合首次北极科考海洋沉积物SRB的研究成果,探讨了研究区SRB的分布特点.研究结果表明,4℃与25℃温度培养的SRB含量均为0~2.4×106个.g-1(湿样);4℃时SRB的检出率与平均含量分别为45.5%和2.06×104个.g-1(湿样),25℃培养条件下分别为73.7%和4.70×104个.g-1(湿样);柱状沉积物中SRB的检出率、含量范围、平均含量都明显高于表层沉积物中SRB的相关指标;岩芯中SRB含量分布与采样点的纬度、深度有一定关系,但这种关系不如表层沉积物中SRB分布表现的那么明显;4℃培养时,各层位SRB含量的平均值范围为51~1.2×106个.g-1(湿样),25℃时为2.04×102~2.47×105个.g-1(湿样);在所研究的深度范围内,4℃时培养SRB的垂直变化较为明显,而25℃时SRB的垂直变化相对缓和;根据4℃、25℃2个不同培养温度时SRB的检出率、含量对比看,似乎25℃时更有利于某些SRB的繁衍.Ten sediment core samples(water depth from50 ~3850 m) were collected in the the Canada Basin and the Chukchi Sea during the SecondChinese National Arctic Research Expedition.Each core was sliced on board at 1 cm intervals from 0 ~10 cm and at 2 cm intervals below 10 cm assubsamples,the content of sulfate reducing bacteria(SRB) of these subsamples were analyzed by MPN(Most Probable Number) methed.The contents ofSRB cultivated at both 4℃ and 25℃ ranged from0 to 2.4×106cel.lg-1wet sample and the average SRB cultivated at4℃ and 25℃ were 2.06×104cell.g-1wet sample,and 4.70×104cell.g-1wet sample,respectively.Unlike surface sediments in the study area,the latter shows a tendency to increasefrom low latitude to high latitude,or from shallow water to deep basin.From surface to depths,the content of SRB in sediment changes irregularly,depending on the sedimentary environment.The average contents of SRB cultured at4℃ and 25℃ in the same layer ranged from51 to1.2×106cel.lg-1wet samples and 2.04×102to 2.47×105cel.lg-1wet samples.Comparing the contents,content range,and occurrence rate of SRB cultivated at4℃ and25℃,it seems that 25℃ is more suitable than 4℃for survival and propagation of some SRB.国家自然科学基金(No.40576060,40376017,40176017)~

Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of cultivable manganese bacteria in sediments from the Arctic ocean

对中国第二次北极科学考察采集的北极海洋沉积物中的锰细菌进行了筛选、分离和系统发育分析。根据其在筛选平板上菌落的形态学特征,分别从站位P11和S11采集的沉积物中分离到了21株和19株锰细菌。系统发育分析表明,两个站位的锰细菌群落组成有着明显的差别。站位P11分离的可培养锰细菌主要由细菌域(Bacteria)中变形杆菌门的γ-变形杆菌纲(γ-Proteobacteria)和放线菌纲(Actinobacteria)组成,二者分别占86%和14%;γ-变形杆菌纲主要包括嗜冷杆菌属(Psychrobacter)、希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella)、假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、海杆菌属(Marinobacter),其中以嗜冷杆菌属为主,其比例可达67%。从站位S11分离到的可培养锰细菌主要包括细菌域中变形杆菌门的α-变形杆菌纲(α-Proteobacteria)和γ-变形杆菌纲以及拟杆菌门(Bacteroides)中的黄杆菌纲(Flavobacteria);γ-变形杆菌纲主要包括希瓦氏菌属、海单胞菌属(Marinomonas)和交替单胞菌属(Alteromonas),α-变形杆菌纲主要为鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)。实验菌株均对Mn2+有着较强的抗性,其中以菌株Marinomonas sp.S11-S-4耐受性最高。The biogeochemical cycling of manganese is recognized as an important environmental process because manganese is not only an essential nutrient for all organisms but also its oxidation and reduction are intimately coupled with the cycling of other essential elements.Studies have demonstrated that Mn2+-oxidizing bacteria are abundant and distributed widely.A diverse array of bacteria,fungi,and microalgae have been shown to have the ability to catalyze oxidation or reduction of manganese.The oxidation of soluble Mn2+ to insoluble Mn3+/Mn4+ oxides and oxy-hydroxides is an environmentally important process because the solid-phase products oxidize a variety of organic and inorganic compounds,scavenge many metals,and serve as electron acceptors for anaerobic respiration.In most environments,Mn2+ oxidation is believed to be bact erially mediated.Over the years,Mn2+-oxidizing bacteria have been isolated from wide variety of environments,including marine and freshwaters,soils,sediments,water pipes,Mn nodules,and hydrothermal vents.Phylogenetically,Mn2+-oxidizing bacteria appear to be quite diverse,with all isolates analyzed to date falling within either the low G+C gram-positive bacteria,the Actinobacteria,or the α,β,and γ subgroups of the Proteobacteria branch of the domain Bacteria.In order to investigate the biodiversity of manganese bacteria in polar region,isolation,molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of manganese bacteria were carried out in the sediments which were collected from Arctic ocean during 2nd Chinese Arctic Scientific Expedition.Twenty one and nineteen species of cultivable strain were isolated from the sediments of both station P11 and S11 respectively according to their distinct morphology on screening plate of manganese medium.Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis showed that the cultivable manganese bacteria from station P11 were basically composed of γ subgroup of the Proteobacteria branch of the domain Bacteria(γ-Proteobacteria)and Actinobacteria,which accounted for 86% and 14% respectively.The γ-Proteobacteria mainly included Psychrobacter,Shewanella,Acinetobacter and Marinobacter,of which Psychrobacter was the major genus,it accounted for 67% of γ-Proteobacteria in sediments of station P11.The cultivable manganese bacteria from station S11 included α-proteobacteria,γ-Proteobacteria and Flavobacteria of Bacteroides.γ-Proteobacteria included Shewanella,Marinomonas and Alteromonas.The majority of α-Proteobacteria was Sphingomonas.The phylogenetic analysis indicated that bacteria from the sediments of station P11 and S11 had different cultivable manganese bacteria flora.All tested strains had higher resistance to Mn2+,of which Marinomonas sp.S11-S-4 had highest resistance.国家自然科学基金资助项目(40576060)~

New Distribution Records of One Genus and Six Plants from Coastal Zones,Fujian Province

在福建海岸带与海岛生物多样性调查中,发现了1个福建省被子植物新记录属：山黧豆属（Lathyrus）,6个新记录种（含变种）：蓝花子（Raphanus sativus var.raphanistroides）、海滨山黧豆（Lathyrus japonicus）、大狼毒（Euphorbia jolkinii）、冬青卫矛（Euonymus japonicus）、大叶胡颓子（Elaeagnus macrophylla）、滨艾（Artemisia fukudo）。凭证标本均存放于厦门大学植物标本馆（Au）。One newly recorded genus,Lathyrus,and six species（varity）,namely Raphanus sativus var. raphanistroides,Lathyrus japonicas,Euphorbia jolkinii,Euonymus japonicas,Elaeagnus macrophylla and Artemisia fukudo,were recorded in Fujian Province during plant resource survey on coasts and islands. The voucher specimens are deposited in the Herbarium of Xiamen University（AU）.海洋公益性行业专项科研经费项目（耐盐、抗污滨海湿地植物资源筛选与应用,200905009-1）; 林业科技支撑计划（高效防灾减灾沿海防护林体系构建优化技术研究与示范,2009BADB2B0605

生物型纳米根管封闭剂的生物学性能研究

目的:对磷酸钙骨水泥为原料制备的生物型纳米根管封闭剂进行体外生物学性能研究,为其临床应用提供依据。方法:致敏性实验:依照GB/T16886.10-2005和GB/T16886.12-2005技术标准测定;细胞毒性实验:依照GB/T16886.5-2003技术标准,采用琼脂扩散法测定;鼠伤寒沙门氏杆菌回复突变试验(Ames试验):依照YY/T0127.10-2001技术标准测定。结果:生物型纳米根管封闭剂无致敏性,不导致染色体畸变,具有轻度细胞毒性。结论:生物型纳米根管封闭剂具有良好的生物学性能

Preparation of self-assembled cholesterol modified pullulan nanopaticles

的:经琥珀酸间隔臂将胆甾醇连接到普鲁兰分子链上,对普鲁兰多糖进行疏水改性,获得不同取代度的胆甾醇基-普鲁兰(cholesterol-modified pullulan,CHSP)改性材料,并研究CHSP材料在水中的自组装性质。方法:利用1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)催化琥珀酰胆甾醇(cholesterol succinate,CHS)与普鲁兰多糖反应,将琥珀酰胆甾醇接枝在普鲁兰分子链的羟基上,得到疏水改性的普鲁兰多糖衍生物。应用傅立叶红外光谱仪(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FT-IR),核磁共振仪(proton nuclear magnetic resonance,1H-NMR)对产物进行表征。利用透析法制备自组装纳米球。通过透射电镜(transmission electron microscopy,TEM),动态激光粒度分析仪(dynamic laser lightscattering,DLS)表征了纳米粒的形态和粒径。以芘为荧光探针,通过荧光检测分析,测定CHSP的临界胶束浓度(critical... 【英文摘要】 Objective:To synthesize cholesterol-modified pullulan(CHSP) conjugates and to preparate self-assembled nanoparticles.Methods:The cholesterol-modified pullulan(CHSP) was prepared by the reaction of pullulan and cholesterol succinate(CHS) in DMSO,using EDC and DMAP as catalysts.The polymer structure was confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance(1H-NMR).The self-assembled nanoparticles were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM),dynamic las...国家重大科学研究计划项目(2006CB933300);; 博士点基金(20060023050

乌蔹莓化学成分的初步探究

目的:系统性研究福建道地药材乌蔹莓的有效成分。方法:运用大孔树脂,Sephadex LH-20,ODS及正相硅胶柱等色谱手段对乌蔹莓Cayratia japonica的全草进行分离。结果:从中得到13个化合物,通过多种波谱数据分析鉴定化合物结构,确定其分别为木犀草素(1),芹菜素(2),柠檬酸三乙酯(3),吲哚-3-甲醛(4),秦皮乙素(5),邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯(6),calendin(7),反式咖啡酸乙酯(8),木犀草素7-O-葡萄糖苷(9),5-hydroxy-3,4-dimethyl-5-pentyl-2(5H)-furanone(10),3,4-二羟基苯甲酸乙酯(11),圣草酚(12),胡萝卜苷(13)。结论:其中3～8及10～12均为首次从乌蔹莓中分离得到

论汉民族广告语言的情感营销

本文剖析了汉民族广告语的特点,指出其有深刻的情感性。这种广告情感性大致分为三种:一是注重民族情;二是注重家庭情;三是注重朋友情。文章对这三种广告情感分别进行了论述

应用ELISA 定量检测转基因玉米中

[中文文摘]应用纯化的Bt1杀虫晶体蛋白作为标准蛋白和免疫抗原,通过抗体-抗原-酶标抗体反应,建立了酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA),以定量检测转基因玉米中的Bt1表达蛋白。用建立的ELISA法对4种进口玉米产品进行了测定,实验结果得到了免疫印迹分析的验证,并与进口试剂盒方法的定量分析结果相一致,因而建立的ELISA法具有操作简便、快速特异、定量准确、经济实惠的优点,特别适合于大批量检测,有着良好的应用前景。[英文文摘]Basedontheantibody-antigen-enzymeantibodyreaction andbyusingpuriftiedBt1insecticidalcrystalproteinas both standard protein and immunity antigen, a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was established to detect express Bt1 protein in genetically modified maize.4 imported maize samples were determined by ELISA, In comparison with the western-blotting & KIT assay method, the results were almost identical. It concluded that the ELISA methodmightbeusefulforeasy,rapid,reliableandeffectiveassayinlargesamples.厦门科技计划资助项目(350222001109