Content Determination of the Related Substances in Lornoxicam Tablets by HPLC

目的:建立测定氯诺昔康片有关物质含量的方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为THErMO HyPErSIl OdS,流动相A为1%醋酸铵溶液-10%氢氧化四丁基铵溶液-甲醇(1 000∶6.4∶4.4),流动相b为乙腈-辛胺(99.9∶0.1),梯度洗脱,流速为0.5Ml/MIn,可变波长检测器,检测波长为280 nM,柱温为35℃。测定3批样品中4种已知杂质2-氨基吡啶、Hn-40244、Hn-10004、Hn-10002及其他单个杂质和总杂质含量。结果:4种已知杂质以及其他单个杂质均能与氯诺昔康完全分离,4种已知杂质在各自的检测质量浓度范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.999 8),检测限分别为0.64、0.28、0.29、0.24 ng,定量限分别为1.30、0.93、0.95、0.40ng。结论:建立的方法结果准确,可全面检测氯诺昔康片中有关物质的含量。OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of the related substances in Lornoxicam tablets.METHODS:HPLC method was adopted.The determination was performed on Thermo Hypersil ODS column with 1% ammonium acetate solution-10% tetrabutyla mmonium hydroxide solution-methanol (1 000∶6.4∶4.4) as the mobile phase A and acetonitrile-octylamine (99.9∶0.1) as mobile phase B(gradient elution).The flow rate was 0.5 ml/min and the column temperature was 35 ℃.The detection wavelength of VWD detector was set at 280 nm.The contents of 4 kinds of known impurity (2-amino pyridine,HN40244,HN-10004 and HN-10002),other single impurity and total impurity were all determined in 3 batches of samples.RESULTS: 4 kinds of known impurities and other single impurity were all separated from lornoxicam completely.There was a good linear relationship between calibration curve and the concentration of 4 kinds of known impurities(r≥0.999 8).The limits of detection were 0.64,0.28,0.29 and 0.24 ng,respectively.The limits of quantification were 1.30 ng,0.93 ng,0.95 ng and 0.40 ng,respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The method is accurate and suitable for the content determination of the related substances in Lornoxicam tablets

Syntheses, structures, and photoluminescent properties of two silver (I) coordination polymers with 1, 4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl) benzene

National Natural Science Foundation of China [21071118]The ultrasonic reactions of Ag2O with 1, 4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl) benzene (bix) and ancillary carboxylate ligands under the ammoniacal condition lead to two new coordination compounds, namely [Ag4(bix)4(pma)center dot(H2O)18](n) (1) and [Ag(bix)(onb)center dot H2O](n)(2)(H4pma = pyromellitic acid, Honb = o-nitrobenzoic acid). Both of the complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In complex 1, the Ag-bix 1D chains are connected with the 2D nets containing [Ag4(bix)2(pma)2] to form a 3D framework by Ag center dot center dot center dot Ag interaction. In complex 2, the coordination bonds link Ag(I) ions and bix ligands to form 1D chains which are extended into a 2D layer by inter-chain hydrogen bonds. The Ag center dot center dot center dot Ag interaction is also observed in 2. Moreover, the photoluminescence properties of the complexes were also investigated in the solid state at room temperature. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials