Looking For Criticism Of China's Construction Methods

建筑理论、建筑历史、建筑批评三位一体,是建筑设计最为重要的一部分,三个因素是不可分割的。但是目前中国的建筑批评学发展是处于弱势的地位,并且影响到了建筑的发展。本文通过对本土建筑批评体系的研究,指出其中不足,进而总结出建立本土化建筑批评的方法。Architectural theory, architectural history, architecture critics of the Trinity is the most important part of the architectural design. The three parts are inseparable. But China's current development status of construction Criticism disadvantaged. The reason is because the Chinese architectural theory foundation is weak, and the lack of architectural language. Chinese architectural criticism if not in theory be developed, will lead to the growing problem of architectural design. Therefore, when looking for criticizing China's building a very pressing issue.厦门大学田野调查基金资助项目(2015GF022

FEC基电解液对高压正极材料Li2CoPO4F电化学性能的影响

本文研究了以氟代碳酸乙烯酯FEC（fluoroethylene carbonate）为共溶剂的电解液对高压正极材料Li2CoPO4F电化学性能的影响,与碳酸酯基电解液1 mol·L-1LiPF6EC/DMC=1:1（m:m）相比,1 mol·L-1LiPF6FEC/DMC=1:1（m:m）可显著提高Li2CoPO4F的循环稳定性.通过线性扫描伏安法（LSV）、扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、X射线衍射（XRD）结合电化学阻抗（EIS）对FEC改善Li2CoPO4F材料循环稳定性的机理进行了探索,结果表明与传统碳酸酯基电解液相比,FEC基电解液在高压下有着优异的抗氧化性,能够有效抑制电解液的氧化分解.同时,FEC基电解液中形成的表面膜具有更高的稳定性,能够抑制电极/电解液界面副反应的发生,提高循环过程中电极材料结构稳定性,从而有益于提高Li2CoPO4F材料的电化学性能.福建省自然科学基金项目(No.2014J05019);;国家自然科学基金项目(No.21233004,No.21303147);;厦门大学校长基金(No.20720150090)资

Construction of expression vector of HCV NS4B and its effect on cell apoptosis

目的 构建丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）2a型非结构蛋白4B（NS4B）的真核表达载体,并观察其对骨肉瘤细胞U2OS凋亡的影响。方法 以质粒PJFH1为模板,通过PCR反应扩增4目的基因片段,采用同源重组法与PCMV-tag2b载体相连,转化大肠杆菌感受态DH5α,筛选正确的克隆。以脂质体为介导转染U2OS细胞,通过Western blot检测NS4B蛋白的表达,免疫荧光检测细胞的凋亡。结果 构建pCMV-tag2b-NS4B重组质粒,经测序其与NCBI公布的序列完全一致,并可在U2OS细胞中表达,DAPI检测显示细胞凋亡率为（17.25±2.95）%,对照组凋亡率为（6.53±2.36）%。结论 成功构建NS4B的真核表达载体,并可在U2OS细胞中表达,诱导细胞凋亡。山西省自然科学基金（No：2014021037-9）; 山西省高等学校大学生创新创业训练项目（No：2014052）; 山西医科大学汾阳学院科技发展基金（No：2016B02

Specific Release of Bacteriochlorophylls B800 of LH2 from Rhodobacter azotoformans Induced by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate

采用吸收光谱法研究了十二烷基硫酸钠(SdS)诱导rHOdObACTEr AzOTOfOrMAnS外周捕光复合体lH2细菌叶绿素(bACTErIOCHlOrOPHyllS,bCHlS)的解离行为和规律.结果表明:室温下,在10MMOl？l-1TrIS-HCl(PH8.0)缓冲液中,低浓度SdS只诱导lH2中b800细菌叶绿素解离生成游离bCHlS,而b850不受影响;当浓度达到0.08%(W/V)时,能特异性地诱导b800缺失,其缺失过程和游离bCHlS的生成过程均符合单指数模型,且二者的速率常数近似相等.高浓度SdS能同时诱导b800和b850解离生成游离bCHlS,其中b800可发生缺失,而b850则不完全解离,解离过程均符合单指数模型;b800对SdS更敏感,其解离速率常数约是b850的4倍,游离bCHlS生成速率常数明显低于b800解离速率常数,而与b850解离速率常数相接近.The release behaviors of bacteriochlorophylls of peripheral light-harvesting complex LH2 from Rhodobacter azotoformans induced by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were investigated using absorption spectroscopy.The results indicated that bacteriochlorophylls of B800 band are released from their binding sites and transformed into free bacteriochlorophylls by incubating LH2 sample in 10 mmol?L-1 Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) buffer containing SDS of low concentration at room temperature.However, the bacteriochlorophylls of B850 band are not released.The dynamics of B800 release and free BChl formation induced by 0.08% (w/V) SDS can be well fitted by the monoexponential model.The rate constant of B800 release is nearly equal to that of free BChls formation.The release of both B800 and B850 of LH2 can be induced by high concentration SDS, simultaneously.The bacteriochlorophylls of B800 band can be completely transformed into free BChls, but not for B850.Although both of their release processes show monoexponential models in 1% SDS solution, the release rate constant of B850 is remarkably lower than that of B800 and close to that of free BChls formation.国家自然科学基金(No.30970068);国家科技基础条件平台建设(No.2005DKA21209);厦门大学近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室高级访问学者基金(No.MELRS0907);山西省回国留学人员科研(No.200713)资助项

关于“经济发展方式转变进程中的财税政策”的探讨(笔谈)

转变经济发展方式是当前中国的热门话题,而上海在城市发展中又肩负着率先转变的重要任务,在这一意义和背景下,2010年4月24日由上海金融学院学院主办、上海金融学院公共经济管理学院承办的“《中国城市财政发展报告2009/2010:促进‘两个中心’建设的上海城市财政》首发式暨‘经济发展方式转变进程中的财税政策’论坛“在我校举行。与会专家围绕经济发展方式转变进程中的财税政策的“趋势与目标“、“机遇和挑战“、“实施方略“和“地方实践“等四个专题进行研讨,各抒己见,智慧交锋。现将其真知灼见整理摘要与读者分享,以期待更多学者共同关注当前经济发展方式转变进程中的财税政策

First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. VIII. Physical Interpretation of the Polarized Ring

In a companion paper, we present the first spatially resolved polarized image of Sagittarius A* on event horizon scales, captured using the Event Horizon Telescope, a global very long baseline interferometric array operating at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. Here we interpret this image using both simple analytic models and numerical general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations. The large spatially resolved linear polarization fraction (24%–28%, peaking at ∼40%) is the most stringent constraint on parameter space, disfavoring models that are too Faraday depolarized. Similar to our studies of M87*, polarimetric constraints reinforce a preference for GRMHD models with dynamically important magnetic fields. Although the spiral morphology of the polarization pattern is known to constrain the spin and inclination angle, the time-variable rotation measure (RM) of Sgr A* (equivalent to ≈46° ± 12° rotation at 228 GHz) limits its present utility as a constraint. If we attribute the RM to internal Faraday rotation, then the motion of accreting material is inferred to be counterclockwise, contrary to inferences based on historical polarized flares, and no model satisfies all polarimetric and total intensity constraints. On the other hand, if we attribute the mean RM to an external Faraday screen, then the motion of accreting material is inferred to be clockwise, and one model passes all applied total intensity and polarimetric constraints: a model with strong magnetic fields, a spin parameter of 0.94, and an inclination of 150°. We discuss how future 345 GHz and dynamical imaging will mitigate our present uncertainties and provide additional constraints on the black hole and its accretion flow

固态培养基汽爆灭菌及发酵过程强化

固态发酵是一种清洁环保生产方式。固态发酵培养基是以固相为骨架支撑结构，液相与固相紧密结合，而气相作为连续相的三相体系。由于空气热导率低，基质体系不均一等本征特性，致使固态发酵存在灭菌困难，营养物质破坏严重，发酵热累积，过程监测困难，自动化水平低等系列问题。导致固态发酵虽环境友好，但工业化进展缓慢的局面。针对以上问题，论文研究汽爆作为固态培养基新型灭菌方法的可行性，并系统考察汽爆灭菌对固态培养基理化特性及发酵水平的影响。研发新型变频压力脉动强化固态发酵方法，促进基质热量传递。建立数字图像处理监测体系，对固态发酵过程参数进行快速监测。基于以上研究成果，并研发自动控制系统，进行集成创新，实现汽爆灭菌新型固态发酵产业化应用。论文取得了如下研究结果：(1) 针对固态培养基灭菌困难，营养物质破坏严重的问题，建立了高温短时汽爆灭菌新方法。首先，研究了汽爆温度、维压时间对固态培养基灭菌效果的影响，确定汽爆灭菌条件为172 &deg;C * 2 min和128 &deg;C * 5 min。发现汽爆灭菌动力学曲线非线性，表明汽爆灭菌对杀灭微生物具有多重作用。一方面，高压维持阶段产生热力灭菌效果；另一方面，瞬间泄压阶段对微生物细胞结构具有损伤作用，证实了汽爆灭菌快速有效。此外，考察了汽爆灭菌对培养基营养成分的影响，发现在汽爆条件172 &deg;C * 2 min，128 &deg;C * 5 min下，固态培养基中葡萄糖含量分别为0.035 g/g干重，0.054 g/g干重，较常规蒸汽灭菌121 &deg;C * 20 min条件分别提高了66.7%，157.1%，表明汽爆灭菌有效改善固态培养基营养。最后，对比分析了大规模汽爆灭菌和常规蒸汽灭菌效率及能耗，由于汽爆灭菌提高灭菌温度并省去冷却阶段，较常规蒸汽灭菌缩短时间69.8%，蒸汽消耗减少1.66%。基于本研究成果，成功实现汽爆灭菌工业化。(2) 揭示汽爆灭菌对固态培养基物理特性的影响。研究了汽爆灭菌、常规蒸汽灭菌后固态培养基中水分分布状态，进而反映灭菌对培养基物理结构的影响。发现汽爆灭菌显著改变固态培养基物理结构，汽爆灭菌后培养基中出现结合水，且毛细水和腔内水低场核磁弛豫时间延长，表明汽爆灭菌破坏了培养基中大分子结构暴露出亲水基团，同时扩大孔和腔体积。通过主成分分析等进一步研究发现，孔是微生物生长的活性位点，汽爆灭菌改善了固态培养基多孔性，为微生物生长提供更多有效空间，较常规蒸汽灭菌提高固态发酵水平2.90倍。(3) 针对固态发酵过程热量累积问题，发明了新型变频压力脉动强化固态发酵方法。基于微生物在不同发酵时期动态产热规律，建立气相双动态反应器热量平衡模型，进而确定变频压力脉动策略。考察了变频脉动下热量传递性能和发酵水平，发现在同等能耗下，变频脉动较常规恒频脉动有效促进培养基散热，基质温度上升幅度降低40.5%，纤维素酶活提高9.34 %。因此，变频压力脉动是气相双动态固态发酵优化操作方式。(4) 建立固态发酵过程数字图像处理快速监测体系。基于微生物生物量与发酵体系图像灰度平均值的对应量化关系，确立了数字图像处理快速监测固态发酵生物量方法，具有快速、准确、成本较低等优点。采用组态软件MCGS实现了对气相双动态反应器的自动控制，对温度、湿度、压力等环境参数进行实时测定。研发了大规模气相双动态固态发酵自动控制方案，促进提升固态发酵生产自动化水平。 (5) 基于以上研究，实现汽爆灭菌新型固态发酵工程产业化应用。将汽爆灭菌，变频压力脉动，自动控制系统耦合，通过工艺工程设计，集成创新，在生态肥料新型固态发酵产业化中得到应用。&nbsp;</p

城市化进程对城市热岛效应因子的对比分析

采用1990~2004年乌鲁木齐市和其郊区的温度差值作为衡量其城市热岛效应的标准,以乌鲁木齐市城市化七项指标作为城市热岛效应的形成因子。通过多元回归模型分析了各热岛效应因子对城市热岛的影响。文章主要结论包括乌鲁木齐市各热岛效应因子对城市热岛的影响是不同的,居民生活条件的改善和公共基础设施的改善减轻了热岛效应的影响,热岛效应也符合环境库兹涅茨曲线规律

Kupffer Cells-secreted Chemokine CCL4 Induces the Expression of Lipogenic Genes in Liver

肝脏中Kupffer细胞所介导的炎症反应在非酒精性脂肪肝病发生的过程中具有重要的作用.通过肝脏切片的苏木精-伊红染色观察,发现清除肝脏中的Kup; ffer细胞能有效地改善由高脂饮食所诱导的脂肪肝症状;通过实时荧光定量PCR检测,发现Kupffer细胞分泌的细胞因子CCL4基因的表达水平与脂; 肪肝密切相关,在脂肪肝模型小鼠肝脏中CCL4基因的表达水平显著上升;进一步利用CCL4重组蛋白体外处理,发现CCL4能诱导肝内脂质合成相关基因的; 表达,而CCL4受体的抑制剂Maraviroc能拮抗CCL4对肝细胞中脂质合成基因表达的诱导作用.综上结果可知,Kupffer细胞分泌的CCL4; 可通过CCR5信号通路诱导肝细胞脂质合成基因的表达.Kupffer cells-mediated inflammation response plays an important role in; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study,using HE; staining to analyze the liver structure,we found that depletion of; Kupffer cells ameliorated the hepatic steatosis induced by high fat; diet.In addition, CCL4, a cytokines secreted by Kupffer cells, was; associated with NAFLD development, as the qRT-PCR results showed that; the expression of CCL4 gene was elevated in the liver of NAFLD mice.; Moreover, under the treatment by CCL4 recombinant protein,it showed an; induction on the expression of the lipogenic genes,which was antagonized; by Maraviroc, an established inhibitor of CCL4 downstream receptor; CCR5.Taking together,it is suggested that CCL4 secreted by Kupffer cells; and its receptor CCR5 participate in the regulation of hepatic; lipogenesis by inflammation response in liver.福建省科技计划项目(青年创新); 厦门市科技计划项