The expression and significance of transcription factors Oct4 and Nanog in human breast cancer stem cells

肿瘤干细胞理论认为肿瘤是由肿瘤干细胞异常增殖、分化而形成，常规放化疗仅能消灭增殖期的非致瘤性肿瘤细胞，使肿瘤缩小甚至消失，然而，肿瘤干细胞和普通干细胞一样，对放化疗等方法具有较高的抵抗能力，当治疗停止后，肿瘤干细胞可再次增殖形成肿瘤。干细胞转录因子Oct4及Nanog参与胚胎干细胞和原始生殖细胞的自我更新，是维持细胞全能性所必须的转录因子，在分化或成熟的组织中其表达水平降低或消失。近来发现Oct4及Nanog在肿瘤组织中也有表达，且表达水平与肿瘤的恶性程度相关。这与肿瘤中存在肿瘤干细胞的理论相一致，其在肿瘤干细胞中的作用有待研究。目前已证实乳腺癌中存在乳腺癌干细胞，并且乳腺癌干细胞在乳腺癌的发...According to the tumor stem cells hypothesis, tumors originate in the proliferation and differentiation of tumorstem cells. Conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy can only kill the non-tumorigenic tumor cells, causing tumors to shrink or even disappear. However, like the normal stem cells, cancer stem cells have higher ability to resist radiotherapy and chemotherapy. When the treatment stops, ...学位：医学硕士院系专业：医学院临床医学系_外科学学号：2452009115298

乳腺癌干细胞研究的新进展

肿瘤是由肿瘤干细胞异常增殖、分化而形成,常规放化疗仅能消灭增殖期的非致瘤性肿瘤细胞,使肿瘤缩小甚至消失。然而,肿瘤干细胞和普通干细胞一样,对放化疗等方法具有较高的抵抗能力,当治疗停止后,肿瘤干细胞可再次增殖形成肿瘤。目前研究已证实乳腺癌中存在乳腺癌干细胞,并且乳腺癌干细胞在乳腺癌的发生、发展中起着关键作用。乳腺癌干细胞不但介导乳腺癌组织对放化疗的抵抗,还关系到乳腺癌的转移和复发,所以有必要针对乳腺癌干细胞进行深入研究。因此,本文就乳腺癌干细胞的分离鉴定、相关信号通路的调控及其治疗方面的新进展作一综述

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel

JUNO sensitivity on proton decay p → ν K + searches*

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this study, the potential of searching for proton decay in the $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated. The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ is 36.9% ± 4.9% with a background level of $0.2\pm 0.05({\rm syst})\pm$$0.2({\rm stat})$ events after 10 years of data collection. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies