换位棋问题规则的表征与解题正确率间关系的研究

本研究通过对被试求解换位棋过程的记录与分析，重点研究了问题表征在换位棋求解过程中的作用。实验结果表明：（1）正确表征问题规则是解题的必要前提.对问题规则信息的误解和遗漏，是影响解题正确率的重要因素。其中对非隐含问题规则的错误表征也占全部错误表征的很大比率。（2）“关键结构”的发现是解决换位棋的必要条件，对问题规则的错误表征影响“关键结构”的发现.（3）前置问题的解决经验对目标问题的正确表征无显著的影响作用

福船生存现状与保护思路——以宁德漳湾刘氏造船家族为中心的考察

福船是中国历史上重要的船型之一,福建先民创造的优秀海洋文明,是以福船的优越性作为先决条件。随着社会的发展,完整意义上的福船已消失殆尽,福船衍化出的各种木船也面临严峻的生存危机,政府与民间力量都积极投身到福船的保护,但是现有的保护工作还存在诸多问题。我们通过对漳湾刘氏造船家族的整体性分析,认为福船保护要走一条整体与活态的思路。基金项目：厦门大学研究生田野基金项目“清代以来福建商渔船研究”（2015GF006）阶段性成

Optical System for Asymmetrical Crossed Czerny-Turner Raman Spectrometer with High Luminous Flux

为克服分立式便携拉曼光谱仪光通量低的缺点,设计了一种集拉曼探头光路与分光系统于一体的光学系统。探头光路采用大数值孔径的非球面透镜实现样品的有效激发和信号的高效收集,通过胶合透镜组缩小会聚光路尺寸、消除轴向色差。分光系统基于交叉非对称Czerny-Turner结构,为获得期望的光谱分辨率和光谱范围,建立了分光系统光谱分辨率及光谱范围与交叉非对称Czerny-Turner结构参数的关系。由测得的汞灯谱图可知,分光系统的光谱分辨率优于6 cm~(-1)(0.37 nm),光谱范围为790~950 nm(200~2000 cm~(-1))。将设计的光学系统对CCL4进行测试,实验结果表明在相同积分时间内由这种整体式的光学系统检测到的CCL4光谱谱峰强度是用商业探头通过光纤连接分光系统检测到的近3倍,验证了光学系统设计的合理性。To overcome the low luminous flux in separated portable Raman spectrometer, an optical system embodies the probe of Raman spectrometer and monochromator is designed. An aspherical lens with high numerical aperture is used to obtain the effective excitation of sample and the efficient collection of signal in the optical system of the probe. A cemented lens group is used to minish the size of converging path and eliminate chromatic aberration.The monochromator is based on asymmetrical crossed Czerny-Turner structure. For the purpose of achieving desired spectrum resolution and spectrum range, the relationship between the spectrum resolution and spectrum range of the monochromator and the structural parameters of the asymmetrical crossed Czerny-Turner system is established. According to the tested spectrogram of mercury lamp, the spectrum resolution of the monochromator is better than 6 cm~(-1)(0.37 nm), and spectrum range is 790~950 nm(200~2000 cm~(-1)). A sample of CCL4 is introduced to examine the performance of the optical system, the experimented results demonstrate that the peak intensity of spectrogram of CCL4 measured by this incorporative optical system is almost three times as high as that using a commercial probe couples to the monochromator, which verifies the rationality of the design of the optical system.国家自然科学基金(21503171);; 中央高校基本科研业务费项目(20720150091、20720150094);; 福建省高端装备制造协同创新中心资

Methodologic Study of HPCE Fingerprints of Radix paeoniae Alba and Radix paeoniae Rubra

目的确定赤芍和白芍的高效毛细管电泳分析方法,建立赤芍和白芍的高效毛细管电泳法(HPCE)指纹图谱。方法HPCE工作条件:采用未涂层熔融石英毛细管(内径75μm,有效长度50 cm),分离电压为25 kV,柱温25℃,二极管阵列检测器(DAD)检测波长为220 nm,缓冲液为30 mmol/L硼砂(pH=9.0)溶液。按此条件对来自不同产地的7种赤芍样品和8种白芍样品进行了分析。结果建立了赤芍和白芍HPCE指纹图谱,采用中药指纹图谱相似度计算软件,以系统生成的对照指纹图谱为对照模板对不同样品的图谱进行相似度计算。结论该方法简捷、有效,可以用于赤芍和白芍药材的质量控制。Objective To set up a modern High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis analysis method for separating and detecting Radix paeoniae Alba and Radix paeoniae Rubra and establish their fingerprints.Methods Seven samples of Radix paeoniae Alba and eight samples of Radix paeoniae Rubra were carried out by HPCE under the following conditions: bared fused silica capillary(50 cm ×75 μm i.d.),30 mmol/L borate(pH = 9.0) as buffer,the run voltage is +25 kV,detection wavelength of UV at 220 nm,and column temperature of 25℃.Results The fingerprints were confirmed and compared by the software of the similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint.Conclusion The results showed that the method of HPCE fingerprint is reliable and accurate to control the quality of two Chinese traditional medicines.国家自然科学基金重点项目(No.20235020);; 青岛“2004将才计划”(No.04-3-JJ-11);; 青岛市崂山区科技计划项目(No.LS-05-KJZX-76

Effects of electropuncture of acupoints on the foot Yangming stomach meridian on metabolic profiling of gastric mucosa in gastric ulcer rats

目的:采用核磁共振氢谱技术(1H; NMR)研究电针胃经穴对应激性胃溃疡大鼠胃黏膜组织代谢物谱的表达。方法:40只SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、胃经组和胆经组。利用束缚-冷应激法; 制备应激性胃溃疡模型大鼠,光镜下观察大鼠胃黏膜组织病理形态学的变化,采用1H NMR技术获取胃黏膜组织1H; NMR谱,并利用模式识别方法分析各组间的代谢物谱的差异。结果:与正常组比较,模型组大鼠胃黏膜损伤和胃黏膜组织代谢轮廓差异明显,胃黏膜组织乙酸、肌; 醇、磷酸胆碱、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、乙醇胺、赖氨酸、3-羟基丁酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、牛磺酸、亮氨酸和甘露醇含量上升(P<0.05),乳酸、甲硫氨酸和天; 冬氨酸含量下降(P<0.05);与模型组比较,胃经组和胆经组大鼠胃黏膜得到明显修复,胃经组大鼠胃黏膜组织代谢轮廓更接近正常大鼠,胃黏膜组织甲硫氨; 酸、天冬氨酸含量上升(P<0.05),乙酸、肌醇、磷酸胆碱、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、赖氨酸、异亮氨酸、牛磺酸、乳酸、亮氨酸和甘露醇含量下降(P<0.05; );胆经组大鼠胃黏膜组织3-羟基丁酸、甲硫氨酸含量上升(P<0.05),肌醇、磷酸胆碱、谷氨酸、乙醇胺、异亮氨酸、乳酸、亮氨酸和甘露醇含量下降(; P<0.05)。结论:电针胃经穴可调节胃溃疡大鼠胃黏膜组织特异代谢物的表达,促进胃黏膜损伤的修复。Objective: To research the effects of electropuncture of acupoints on; the foot Yangming stomach meridian on metabolic profiling of gastric; mucosa in rats of gastric ulcer induced by stressusing the 1H nuclear; magnetic resonance (1H NMR). Methods: Forty SD rats were randomly; divided into the control group, the model group, the stomach meridian; group and the gallbladder meridian group. The rat model of gastric ulcer; was induced by the restrained plus cold stress. The pathological changes; in the rat gastric mucosa tissue were observed by light microscope. The; 1H NMR spectroscopy was determined with the 1H NMR technique. And,; meanwhile the differences in the metabolic profiling were identified; with the pattern recognition method. Results: Compared to normal group,; the gastric mucosa damage and gastric mucosa metabolic profiling are; obvious, the concentration of acetic acid, choline, inositol phosphate,; glutamic acid, glycine, ethanolamine, lysine, 3-hydroxy butyric acid,; valine, isoleucine, taurine, leucine and mannitol increase and the; concentration of lactic acid, methionine and aspartic acid decrease in; model group rats (P<0.05). Compared to model group, the gastric mucosa; damage have been recovered in stomach meridian group and gallbladder; meridian group, the metabolic profiling of gastric mocusa tissue in; stomach meridian group are similar to the normal group. The; concentration of methionine, aspartic acid increase and acetic acid,; choline, inositol phosphate, glutamic acid, glycine, lysine, lactic; acid, leucine, isoleucine, taurine, and mannitol decrease in stomach; meridan group (P<0.05). The concentration of 3-hydroxy butyric acid,; methionine increase and choline, inositol phosphate, lactic acid,; leucine, isoleucine, glutamic acid, ethanol amine and mannitol decrease; in gallbladder meridian group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The electropuncture; of acupoints on the foot Yangming stomach meridian could regulate the; metabolic profiling of gastric mucosa, resulting in improving the; gastric mucosa repair of gastric ulcer rats.国家自然科学基金项目; 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目; 广东省自然科学基金项目; 深圳市科技计划项

多道光谱仪发展的新动向——中阶梯光栅光谱仪

由于发射光谱,特别是使用ICP光源时、含有众多的光谱线,需要有较高的色散率和分辨率、且波长覆盖范围较宽的分光系统以供使用。特别是对于那些具有复杂光谱基体的样品如镧系、锕系元素、地质样品、黑色金属、高温合金等等来说,使用一般市售一米左右的ICP发射光谱仪时,谱线干扰在所难免,需要用复杂的方法或软件来避免或扣除这类干扰。如果能采用色散率和分辨率都比常规光谱仪高得多、而且有足够的波长覆盖范围和光强的光谱仪,则不

化学形态分析

本文综述了金属元素的化学形态分析,包括:形态分析的方法与技术,形态分析在水、土壤、空气和生物样品中的应用,样品的处理方法等

配有微型柱的流动注射富集进样系统在原子光谱仪上的应用

流动注射分析法已渗透于分析化学的各个领域。作为水样品预富集和引入检测器的有力手段之一,配有微型柱的流动注射在线富集进样系统,己越来越广泛地用于原子光谱检测器上。本文第一部分对富集无机元素的不同柱填充材料的性能和应用作了非常简要的分类和

Evaluation of DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Capability of Hippocampus japonicus Kaup. and Their HPLC Fingerprint

目的采用体外1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼(dPPH)抗氧化模型对海马提取物的抗氧化性质进行评价,并建立小海马HPlC特征指纹图谱,用于小海马药材的鉴别及质量评价。方法利用离线dPPH抗氧化评价体系对海马不同提取物进行评价,结果表明,海马水提物抗氧化能力最强,在此基础上又探明了海马水提物抗氧化能力随时间和浓度的变化规律,为海马抗氧化活性提供了科学依据。依据抗氧化活性实验结果,建立了海马水提物HPlC特征指纹图谱分析方法。结果海马水提物大部分化合物达到基线分离,方法的精密度、重现性、稳定性良好;建立小海马药材HPlC指纹图谱,采用中药指纹图谱相似度计算软件,对小海马进行真伪辨别和质量评价。结论表明该方法简捷、有效,是小海马药材鉴别及质量控制的有效方法。OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antioxidant activity of the extracts of Haima,and to establish the HPLC fingerprint of Haima for the discrimination and the quality evaluation of Haima.METHODS Antioxidant properties of Haima extracts with different solvent were assayed in terms of antioxidant activity by scavenging activities on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhdrazyl(DPPH).The effect of time and concentration of Haima extract on the antioxidant activity was also studied.Secondly,a chromatographic fingerprint method was developed.RESULTS The antioxidant activity of water extract of Haima was higher than all the other extracts of Haima.The developed HPLC method was simple,accurate and reliable for the development of Haima fingerprint.Ten Haima samples collected from different medicine store were analyzed and the Haima HPLC fingerprint was established.The similarity of the HPLC chromatogram was performed for authentication and quality control of Haima.CONCLUSION The HPLC fingerprinting techniques have high potential in authentication or source-tracing types of applications.国家自然科学基金重点项目(20235020);青岛市共建生物医药研发测试中心资助项目(LS-05-KJZX-76

ROS清除剂在细菌抗生素耐受中的作用研究进展

活性氧簇(ROS)是生物在有氧环境中进行能量代谢时产生的一类分子的总称,ROS不仅在动物、植物以及细菌的生理过程中发挥着重要的作用,也在研究抗生素杀菌和细菌耐药性的产生上有着重要的功能,添加ROS清除剂有助于我们更好的研究ROS在细菌对抗菌剂耐受中的作用。本文主要通过对常见的ROS清除剂过氧化氢酶、硫脲、联吡啶、DMSO、褪黑素和其他较为常见的清除剂等化合物在抗生素杀菌过程中的作用机制、ROS清除剂添加对细菌耐受性的影响及其他生理作用进行综述,旨在对这些常见的ROS清除剂的不同功能和缺点进行一个更广泛和深入的了解,以便我们在选用相关ROS清除剂时对其作用机理有较为清楚的了解从而选取合适的ROS清除剂。国家自然科学基金(No.81473251/81661138005/31741006/)福建省中青年教师教育科研项目资助(No.JT180009)厦门大学校长基金(No.20720160060