跨域治理方式的协议治理在“一带一路”中的应用

“一带一路”作为中国近200年来首次提出的以中国为主导的洲际合作开发框架,将深刻影响亚欧非地区的发展进程,而如何真正实现共商、共建、共享和促进协作一直是其核心问题.通过引入协作治理理论,对“一带一路”沿线国家以签署协议方式解决跨域公共问题与实现经贸合作进行了探讨.以“一带一路”协议治理的实践为客观基础,对“一带一路”协议应用过程和过程中的行为进行分析和考察,即对“一带一路”协议的“缔结-实施-争端治理-评估”这一应用过程进行以“谈判-协商-承诺-执行”为模型的缔约主体行为分析与考察,解释“一带一路”协议治理应用过程的现实运行机理和区域协作治理关系的生成逻辑与发展,并提出“一带一路”协议治理的改进建议.教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“区域公共事务的合约设计及治理研究”，贵州省教育厅社科规划项目“武陵山片区共同开发合约制治理模式研究

Kiinteän oikomiskojeen rakentaminen ja purkaminen sekä oikomiskojeen puhdistaminen : opetusvideo simulaatio-opetukseen

Suuhygienistin ortodontiaan liittyvät työtehtävät ovat lisääntyneet. Ortodontialla tarkoitetaan hammaslääketieteellistä alaa, jossa on kyse hampaan suoristamisesta ja siirtämisestä sekä leukojen kasvun ja purennan kehityksen kokonaisvaltaisesta ohjaamisesta. Suuhygienistin ortodontisiin työtehtäviin kuuluvat kiinteän kojeistuksen rakentaminen, puhdistaminen sekä purkaminen. Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli tuottaa opetusvideo kiinteän oikomiskojeen rakentamisesta, puhdistuksesta sekä purkamisesta. Tavoitteena oli luoda suuhygienistiopiskelijoiden ortodontista osaamista kehittävä opetusmateriaali simulaatiotilanteessa tapahtuvaa opetusta varten. Tavoitteena oli myös samalla kehittää ortodontiaan liittyvää simulaatio-opetustilannetta videomateriaalin avulla. Opinnäytetyö toteutettiin toiminnallisena opinnäytetyönä, joka koostuu teoreettisesta viitekehyksestä ja tuotoksesta eli opetusvideosta. Opinnäytetyön teoreettinen viitekehys koostuu kiinteän kojeistuksen rakentamisen, purkamisen sekä puhdistuksen ajankohtaisesta tietoperustasta. Teoreettisessa viitekehyksessä on käsitelty myös toiminnallisen opinnäytetyön toteuttamista sekä hyvän opetusvideon kriteerejä ja tekoprosessia. Opetusvideo sisältää kiinteän kojeistuksen rakentamiseen ja purkamiseen liittyvät työvaiheet demonstroituna sekä ääneen opastettuna. Lisäksi videolla demonstroidaan kiinteän kojeistuksen puhdistus sähkö- ja manuaalihammasharjalla, siltaneulalla ja hammaslangalla sekä hammasväliharjalla. Opinnäytetyön tuotoksena kehitettiin suuhygienistiopiskelijoiden ortodontista käytännön osaamista tukeva videomateriaali. Videomateriaali kuvattiin Turun ammattikorkeakoulun tiloja ja simulaatio-opetuskalloa sekä -välineitä käyttäen. Video luovutetaan Turun ammattikorkeakoulun suuhygienistikoulutuksen opetuskäyttöön USB-muistitikulle ladattuna ja tallennetaan Turun ammattikorkeakoulun sähköiseen oppimisympäristöön Optimaan.Dental hygienists’ orthodontics-related tasks have increased. Orthodontics refers to a field of dentistry that deals with straightening and moving teeth as well as the overall control of the growth of the jaws and the development of occlusion. The orthodontic tasks that are carried out by a dental hygienist include the construction, cleaning and removing of a fixed appliance. The purpose of this thesis was to produce an educational video on the construction, cleaning and removing of a fixed orthodontic appliance. The aim was to create teaching material for Turku University of Applied Sciences that would support the learning of dental hygienist students on the topic of orthodontics in simulation-based training. The functional consists of the theoretical framework and an educational video as a result. The theoretical framework consists of up-to-date information of the construction, removing and cleaning of a fixed appliance. In the theoretical framework there has been described the research method and the criteria and the process of making an educational video are also discussed. The video contains demonstrated stages of constructing, removing and cleaning of a fixed orthodontic appliance. It also contains demonstrations of cleaning a fixed orthodontic appliance with electrical and manual toothbrush and interdental equipment. Video material was created to support dental hygienist students’ learning of orthodontics. The video has been downloaded on an USB memory Stick and it will be transferred to use of dental hygienist programme of Turku University of Applied Sciences. The video is also saved in the electronic learning platform Optima

Promotion of proliferation of luminal B breast cancer cells by mesenchymal stem cells and its underlying molecular mechanisms

目的分析人脐带间充质干细胞(hUC-MSCs)对Luminal B型乳腺癌细胞生长增殖的影响,并初步探讨其可能的分子机理。方法绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)和荧光素酶共表达慢病毒感染人Luminal B型乳腺癌细胞BT474,并经嘌呤霉素筛选两周后,于荧光显微镜下观察GFP的表达情况,IVIS Kinetic成像系统拍照以观察和记录慢病毒感染后BT474细胞荧光素酶的表达情况;荧光显微镜下直接观察,结合MTS实验分析hUC-MSCs共培养或其浓缩上清处理对GFP和荧光素酶共表达BT474细胞生长增殖的影响;Western blot法检测hUC-MSCs浓缩上清处理对BT474细胞Akt和MAPK信号通路激活情况以及下游细胞周期调控蛋白Cyclin D1表达的影响;常规RT-PCR法检测hUC-MSCs中NRG-1、NRG-2、IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-Ⅱ和EGF等配体的表达。荧光素酶表达强度与细胞数量的相关性经由Excel软件行统计学分析,MTS实验数据则经由SPSS13.0统计软件行统计学分析。结果荧光显微镜和IVIS Kinetic成像系统的观察结果分别证实,GFP和荧光素酶经慢病毒载体系统的介导可在BT474细胞中成功地共表达,且荧光素酶的表达强度与细胞数量呈直线相关。MSCs共培养或其浓缩上清处理均可显著促进Luminal B型乳腺癌细胞BT474的生长增殖,其细胞存活比例分别为各自对照组的148.06%(P<0.005)和147.99%(P<0.001);MSCs浓缩上清处理同时激活BT474细胞内Akt和MAPK信号通路,并上调细胞周期调控蛋白Cyclin D1表达。此外,RT-PCR结果显示,hUC-MSCs中NRG-1和EGF的mRNAs水平呈高表达,而NRG-2、IGF-Ⅰ和IGF-Ⅱ等配体的mRNAs表达也可见。结论 MSCs可通过表达并分泌NRG-1等配体,从而激活Luminal B型乳腺癌细胞BT474的下游Akt和MAPK信号转导通路以上调细胞周期调控蛋白Cyclin D1的表达,进而促进其生长增殖。Objective To investigate the effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs) on proliferation of luminal B breast cancer cells and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods Human luminal B breast cancer cells BT474 were infected with GFP and luciferase co-expressing lentiviruses and then subjected for selection with Puromycin for 2 weeks. The expression of GFP and luciferase was detected by fluorescent microscopy and IVIS Kinetic image system, respectively. The effect of coculture or treatment with conditioned medium of hUCMSCs on proliferation of BT474 was analyzed with MTS assay. Western blot was carried out to detect the effect of treatment with conditioned medium of hUC-MSCs on the activation of both Akt and MAPK signalings in BT474, as well as the expression of downstream cell cycle regulator Cyclin D1. Regular RT-PCR was applied to analyze the mRNAs expression of ligands such as NRG-1, NRG-2, IGF-Ⅰ, IGF-Ⅱ, and EGF in hUC-MSCs. The correlation between relative luciferase activity and cell number was analyzed with Excel software, while MTS assay data was statistically analyzed with SPSS 13.0 software. Results The co-expression of GFP and luciferase in BT474 via lentiviral expression system was visualized by fluorescent microscopy and IVIS Kinetic image system. The linear correlation between relative luciferase activity and cell number was determined by curve fitting analysis. Coculture or treatment with conditioned medium of hUC-MSC significantly promoted the proliferation of BT474, with survival rates being 148.06 %(P < 0.005)and 147.99 %(P < 0.001)of control, respectively. In addition, treatment with conditioned medium of hUC-MSC was shown to induce activation of both Akt and MAPK signalings, which further upregulated the expression of Cyclin D1. Moreover, high mRNAs expression levels of both NRG-1 and EGF, as well as moderate mRNAs expression levels NRG-2, IGF-Ⅰ, and IGF-Ⅱ were showed by RT-PCR. Conclusion Our results here demonstrated that MSCs may promote the proliferation of luminal B breast cancer cells through paracrine of ligands such as NRG-1, which in turn results in the activation of both Akt and MAPK signalings and upregulation of the expression of Cyclin D1.国家自然科学基金面上项目(81272922);; 福建省自然科学基金面上项目(2016J01577);; 福州总医院院内课题国际合作研究专项(2015G01

Biological mechanism underlying the formation of greasy fur

腻苔是一种临床常见的病理性舌苔,主湿浊、痰饮、食积等,在中医临床诊断与治疗中有重要的临床意义与辨证价值,研究腻苔形成的现代生物学机制有重要的理论; 和实践意义。文章从舌表面脱落细胞学、微生态学、相关蛋白与基因表达及物质代谢等方面对腻苔形成的生物学机制进行了综述,并对腻苔与肠道微生态的关系,腻; 苔与现代医学疾病的关系进行了阐述,以期从现代生物医学角度对腻苔形成的物质基础、发生机制、变化规律及与相关疾病的关系作相关阐明,为疾病的中医诊断与; 治疗提供借鉴和帮助。Greasy fur is a common pathological tongue coating and is mainly seen in; the clinical practice in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), such as in; the dampness turbidity, the phlegm and fluid retention, the dyspepsia or; food accumulation, and so on. Greasy fur shows important clinical; significance and differentiation value in TCM diagnosis and treatment,; there is also great theoretical and practical significance in the; studying of the modern biomedical mechanism underlying the formation of; the greasy fur. Here we summarized the formation mechanism of the greasy; fur from the aspects of the shedding cytology of the tongue surface, the; microecology, the expression of the relative genes and proteins and the; metabolism. The relationship between the greasy fur and the intestinal; microecology, and between the greasy fur and the diseases were also; discussed in this paper. Through summarizing these related research; literatures, we want to elucidate the material basis, the occurrence; mechanism and the changing rules of the greasy fur from the perspective; of the modern biomedicine, and to elucidate its relationship with some; related modern medicine diseases, thus to provide references and; assistance for the disease diagnosis and treatment in TCM clinic.国家重点研发计划重点专项; 教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划; 国家自然科学基金项

ROS清除剂在细菌抗生素耐受中的作用研究进展

活性氧簇(ROS)是生物在有氧环境中进行能量代谢时产生的一类分子的总称,ROS不仅在动物、植物以及细菌的生理过程中发挥着重要的作用,也在研究抗生素杀菌和细菌耐药性的产生上有着重要的功能,添加ROS清除剂有助于我们更好的研究ROS在细菌对抗菌剂耐受中的作用。本文主要通过对常见的ROS清除剂过氧化氢酶、硫脲、联吡啶、DMSO、褪黑素和其他较为常见的清除剂等化合物在抗生素杀菌过程中的作用机制、ROS清除剂添加对细菌耐受性的影响及其他生理作用进行综述,旨在对这些常见的ROS清除剂的不同功能和缺点进行一个更广泛和深入的了解,以便我们在选用相关ROS清除剂时对其作用机理有较为清楚的了解从而选取合适的ROS清除剂。国家自然科学基金(No.81473251/81661138005/31741006/)福建省中青年教师教育科研项目资助(No.JT180009)厦门大学校长基金(No.20720160060

仿真学术的幻实之辩

时下学界,人人都在谈论一流,然大学之所谓一流者,虽构成要素繁多,但根本还在于学术之一流。而学术业绩若以数量标准度量,近年来可谓极其繁荣,绝对丰收,形成了古今未有之大变局。国家对学术研发的政策支持与经费投入蔚为宏大。据国家统计局数据显示,2017年中国研发经费投入总量为1.75万亿元,居世界第二,科研人员人均经费高达40.4万元。有报道称,中国论文数量居世界第一,引用率排

@@

目的 研究高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HR-HPV）感染相关的宫颈病变程度与抗人乳头瘤状病毒（HPV）抗体水平的相关性,探讨HPV致病的免疫学问题。方法 选取2012年1月-2013年6月在该院妇产科门诊就诊的女性中选取60例病理确诊为女性宫颈病变（CINⅠ及以上）,且宫颈脱落细胞的DNA检测为HR-HPV阳性者为研究组,根据组织学检测结果将研究组进一步分为低度病变组30例（CINⅠ）和高度病变组30例（CINⅡ或Ⅲ）。对照组为经核酸检测无HPV感染且病理诊断未见癌前病变的门诊患者60例,按年龄进一步分为低年龄组和高年龄组。低年龄组和高年龄组与低度病变组和高度病变组的年龄差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。分别抽取研究组及对照组外周血,检测其抗HR-HPV L1 Ig G抗体及中和抗体滴度,比较研究组与对照组抗体阳性率及抗体滴度水平的差别。结果 研究组血清中的抗HR-HPV L1 Ig G抗体阳性率及抗体滴度均高于对照组（P〈0.05）;低度病变组患者血清中的抗HR-HPV的中和抗体滴度高于相应对照组（P〈0.05）,而高度病变组的抗HR-HPV的中和抗体阳性率及抗体水平与相应对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 宫颈病变患者血清中抗HR-HPV L1 Ig G抗体升高,说明HPV感染可引起机体的体液免疫反应。低度病变组的中和抗体水平相对较高,可能是机体产生的中和抗体阻止了病毒的进一步感染。高度病变组的Ig G抗体和中和抗体均低下,说明进入CINⅡ/Ⅲ后HPV已经逃避了免疫系统的监视。基金项目：厦门市科技局项目（3502220124050）;2011年福建省科技计划项目资助计划,青年创新项目（20111）00310517

Optimization of Policy Tools in Water Pollution Control

文章分析了在制度框架约束下、针对不同污染原因进行的政策工具初始选择，作为政策工具效果表现和影响力呈现的政策应激问题，以及政策工具效果反馈之后综合运用多种政策工具的情况。福建九龙江流域水污染治理实践表明，政策工具选择是一个动态的过程，具有“刺激-应激-反馈”的行为表征，僵化干预与单一政策不能有效解决公共问题，需要基于公共问题所处的社会、政治、经济等环境特点进行多种政策工具的组合治理。Water pollution governance of river basin has been an important issue in public management.Policy instrument selection(PIS)supplies a valuable perspective to analyze the inherent logic of pollution governance policy development.Based on mutual adaption model and take Jiulong River as a case,this article conceptualizes this logic into a three-stages model including stimulating,working and feeding-back which focuses on the mutual action of stakeholders in water pollution governance.This article analyses the stage of stimulating which stands for the initial PIS within certain institutional context that target different pollution reasons;the influences of policy instructions on stakeholders and policy issues which happen at the working stage,the revising and optimizing resulting from the feedback that leads to integrated use of policy instruments.PIS is dynamic.In order to solve the wicked policy problem,a range of policy instruments based on the context is preferred than the one-fit-for-all solution.铜仁学院博士启动基金项目“跨界公共事务府际契约治理研究”(trxyDH1626);2017年贵州省教育厅社科规划项目“武陵山片区共同开发合约制治理模式研究”(2017gh03)

Hybrid Parallel Algorithm of General Sparse Matrix Multiplication*

稀疏矩阵相乘是在科学和工程计算中有广泛应用,是科学计算中的一种常用的基本运算.但也面临着数据量大,非零值分布不规则,负载难均衡,计算结果矩阵的列指数无规则分布等问题.通过矩阵分块、优化数据传输、负载均衡、改良并行快速排序方法来解决上述问题,提高了计算效率.在多线程下计算速度比商业软件Intel MKL(Intel Math Kernel Library)平均提高56%.同时,还通过MPI+OpenMP进行混合并行优化,在共享存储系统上两者有类似的计算速度.Sparse matrix multiplication is widely used in scientific and engineering computations. It is a basic operation in scientific computation, but it faces many difficulties such as large data set, irregular distribution of non-zero values, load unbalancing and irregular distribution of column index of the resulting matrix. This paper optimizes matrix partitioning, data communication, load balancing and parallel sort methods to tackle the above problems. The computing speed of the algorithm improves 56% in average at multithread over commercial software Intel MKL (Intel Math Kernel Library). This paper further develops MPI+OpenMP hybrid parallel algorithm for multiprocess that achieves similar efficiency on shared memory system