诗性传播：中国姓名的大众传播之道

姓名文化是中国文化的重要组成部分,是研究华夏传播的重要切入点。经研究发现,中国姓名在大众传播过程中,富有诗性特征。首先是编码往往与诗歌互化,其次是传播渠道往往借助诗歌,再次是传播者与受传者往往爱用诗歌,最后是反馈往往离不开诗歌。诗性传播可谓是华夏大众传播之道。国家社科基金一般项目“华夏文明传播的观念体系、理论体系与当代实践研究”（项目编号：19BXW056）的阶段性成

微生物吸附-化学还原法合成金钯纳米线机理研究

采用微生物吸附-化学还原法,以大肠杆菌(ECCs)为模板、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为保护剂、抗坏血酸(AA)为还原剂制备金钯纳米线(Au-PdNWs),考察不同金钯摩尔比对合成金钯纳米材料的影响,并通过SEM、TEM、XRD等技术进行了表征,研究其形成机理。结果表明,吸附还原作用使ECCs在短时间内还原生成了少量Pd(0)和Au(0),大量的钯离子和金离子聚集在ECCs表面周围;还原剂AA的加入使ECCs表面成为优先成核位点,菌体表面基团与晶核相互作用阻止其迁移;在CTAB的作用下,菌体表面的纳米颗粒逐渐形成链状纳米中间结构,中间结构通过Ostwald熟化作用进一步形成Au-Pd纳米线。通过ECCs和CTAB协同作用,有利于一维纳米结构的生长。福建省教育厅中青年教科研项目(JAT171117);;莆田市工业科技类科研项目(2016G2020

Effect of Various Prepared Method on Catalytic Performance of Cu-Mn-Si/HZSM-5 Catalyst for CO_2 Hydrogenation

分别采用物理混和、共沉积法和超声共沉积法制备了Cu-Mn-Si/HZSM-5复合催化剂,并用XRD、BET、H2-TPR、H2-TPD和NH3-TPD等手段进行了表征,考察3种制备方法对催化剂催化加氢性能的影响。结果表明:超声共沉积法制备的Cu-Mn-Si/HZSM-5催化剂颗粒均匀、粒径小、催化性能最好。H2-TPR、H2-TPD和NH3-TPD分析表明,采用超声共沉积法制备催化剂,更能促进Cu(Ⅰ)、Cu(Ⅱ)之间的相互转换,增强了铜锰复合氧化物相互作用,有利于催化剂表面活性物种Cu+形成。同时,增强了对H2的吸附强度,使表面的酸度增强,促进了催化剂活性的提高。Cu-Mn-Si/HZSM-5 catalysts were prepared via the physical hybrid method,co-precipitation method and Ultrasonic co-precipitation method,and these catalysts were characterized by XRD,BET,H2-TPR,H2-TPDand NH3-TPD to analyse catalytic performance of the catalysts.The results showed that although sonication can not obviously change the physical structure of catalysts,it can make partical uniform and tiny,and.The results indicated that Cu-MnSi/HZSM-5 catalysts prepared by the Ultrasonic co-precipitation method had uniform grain,small grain size and the best catalytic capacity.H2-TPR,H2-TPD and NH3-TPD results suggested that it promote the creation of Cu+ on surface of catalyst and enhance the interaction of copper-manganese compound oxide so that active specie Cu are difficult to be reduced by ultrasonic co-precipitation method.At the same time,adsorption sites for H2 were increased,acidity of surface of catalyst was increased and acid sites were stronger,promoting enhancement of activity of catalyst

减阻沟槽边界层相干结构展向拓扑的分层可视化

采用高时间分辨率粒子图像测速系统(TR-PIV),分别对沟槽壁面及光滑壁面平板湍流边界层速度矢量场的时间序列进行了精细测量,并利用新象限分裂法及新条件采样与相位平均技术,在李山等人对数区结果的基础上,对光滑壁面和沟槽面湍流边界层近壁区及外区相干结构二维空间拓扑的形态进行了进一步地对比研究。结果表明:在近壁区和对数区内,与光滑壁面相比,不论喷射事件还是扫掠事件,减阻沟槽使得相干结构法向脉动强度降低最为明显,即相干结构在法向上的动量和能量交换减弱,削弱了其对湍流产生的贡献;而进入外区以后,减阻沟槽对法向脉动速度分量和展向涡量在喷射和扫掠过程中影响比内区要小,说明沟槽主要影响湍流边界层内区结构,且以..

独活寄生汤水提物对退变大鼠椎间盘软骨细胞功能的影响

目的探究独活寄生汤水提物对经IL-1β诱导退变的大鼠椎间盘软骨细胞中Wnt4、GSK-3β、β-catenin、DKK-1的影响。方法采用机械-酶消化法分离大鼠椎间盘软骨组织,进行软骨细胞体外培养、镜下观察与鉴定,分为正常组、模型组(经10 ng/m L浓度IL-1β造模)、实验1组(独活寄生汤水提物组200μg/m L干预24 h)、实验2组(独活寄生汤水提物组200μg/m L干预48 h)。观察4组大鼠椎间盘软骨细胞中Wnt4、GSK-3β、β-catenin、DKK-1 m RNA与蛋白的表达及上清液中Sox 9表达。结果 (1)第2代大鼠椎间盘软骨细胞增殖速度快,呈现多边形,胞核清晰,且含有1~2个核仁,融合后出现\"铺路石\"状,经Ⅱ型胶原法染色后,阳性对照组胞浆区域浸染为棕黄色;(2)与正常组比较,模型组中软骨细胞Wnt 4、GSK-3β、β-catenin m RNA与蛋白表达及上清液Sox 9含量明显提高(P<0.05),DKK-1 m RNA与蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,实验1组、实验2组中软骨细胞Wnt 4、GSK-3β、β-catenin m RNA与蛋白表达及上清液Sox 9含量明显降低(P<0.05),DKK-1m RNA与蛋白表达明显提高(P<0.05),以实验2组变化最为显著(P<0.05)。结论独活寄生汤水提物组可调控退变椎间盘软骨细胞的功能,下调Wnt 4、GSK-3β、β-catenin和上调DKK-1 m RNA与蛋白表达,进而延缓大鼠椎间盘软骨细胞的退变。福建省自然科学基金项目(2017J01224);;福建中医药大学校管课题资助(X2015034

Photogenerated Cathodic Protection Properties of a TiO_2 Nanowire Film Prepared by a Hydrothermal Method

Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]; Tel: +86-592-2189192.[中文文摘]应用水热法在钛箔表面制备TiO2纳米线薄膜,采用场发射扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射和紫外-可见分光光度法对薄膜进行表征,用电极电位和电化学阻抗谱考察TiO2光生阴极保护性能.结果表明:薄膜由纵横交错的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米线组成,纳米线的直径约10nm.在150℃下反应6h生成的TiO2纳米线薄膜在0.3mol·L-1 Na2SO4溶液和0.3mol·L-1 Na2SO4+0.5mol·L-1 HCOOH混合溶液中对与TiO2薄膜耦连的403不锈钢均有良好的阴极保护效应.TiO2膜所在溶液中含有HCOOH时,可使耦连的403不锈钢在0.5mol·L-1 NaCl溶液中电极电位负移约545mV,界面反应电阻显著变小,表明电解质溶液加入HCOOH可以增强TiO2纳米线薄膜对403不锈钢的光生阴极保护效应.[英文文摘]A TiO2 film was synthesized on the surface of a Ti substrate by a hydrothermal method,followed by acid treatment and calcination.The properties of the TiO2 film were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry.The photogenerated cathodic protection properties of the TiO2 film were investigated by electrochemical techniques.The corrosion performance of 403 stainless steel coupled to a TiO2 film photoanode in different solutions was evaluated by photogenerated potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results showed that the TiO2 film was composed of many randomly-oriented anatase nanowires of about 10 nm in diameter. The TiO2 nanowire film prepared by the hydrothermal reaction at 150 ℃ for 6 h was used for the photogenerated cathodic protection of 403 stainless steel. When we coupled the steel in a 0.5 mol·L -1 NaCl solution to the TiO2 film photoanode in a mixed solution containing 0.3 mol·L-1 Na2SO4 and 0.5 mol·L-1 HCOOH, its potential decreased by 545 mV. Additionally, the charge transfer resistance of the electrode reaction process for the coupled steel decreased considerably. The results also indicated that the HCOOH in the mixed solution improved the photogenerated cathodic protection of the TiO2 film photoanode.国家高技术研究发展专项(2009AA03Z327); 国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAB27B04)资

Simulation research on anaerobic digestion biogas generation from low-grade biomass

低劣生物质厌氧消化可以减少温室气体的排放并且生产生物甲烷作为能源。介绍了关于厌氧消化过程、底物的相关理论,还对目前主要用于厌氧产甲烷过程研究的数学模型以及碳氮磷转化的模拟研究进行了综述。其中,一级动力学模型是最为简单的数学模型,其可以通过简单的计算得到整个过程中甲烷产量随着时间的变化曲线,但是只限于较准确模拟甲烷产率的AdM1模型相对发展最为全面、应用最为广泛,且能够针对具体要研究的对象进行模型的修改。同时总结了较为常见的底物厌氧产甲烷研究模型、研究对象及结果、已有碳/氮/磷转化模拟研究及相关研究,并对开展针对厌氧产甲烷过程中碳氮磷转化的模拟研究进行了展望。Anaerobic digestion of low-grade biomass has attracted increasing interest in reducing greenhouse gas emission and facilitating sustainable development of energy supply.The theory of anaerobic digestion biogas generation and feedstocks are presented in this paper.It provides a review on mathematical model of and simulation research on the conversion of C, N, P in the process of anaerobic digestion.First order kinetic model is the simplest mathematical model which can simulate the dynamics of methane production.The advanced mathematical ADM1 is most popular, and simulates the conversion of C, N, P in anaerobic digestion.The model, simulation subjects and results of anaerobic digestion biogas generation of common substrates are given.Methane yield is the main subject of simulation investigation which is studied in almost all simulation researches on anaerobic digestion biogas generation, and some research reports the variation of volatile solid, volatile fatty acid, COD, CH4, CO2 and inorganic carbonate in the process of anaerobic digestion through mathematical modeling, with which the conversion of C can be determined.Simulation researches on the conversion of N include variations of ammonia nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen and total nitrogen.Simulation research on the conversion of P from sludge digestion is also presented.The challenges and future research trends of the conversion of C, N, P in the process of anaerobic digestion are forecasted.国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2013CB733505)~

Component analysis and risk assessment of anaerobically digested slurry from households in China

采集了中国8个省市的43个不同原料家庭户用沼气池的沼液,进行化学需氧量(COd)、氨氮(nH+4-n)、磷酸盐(PO43？)和重金属等指标分析,阐述不同原料导致沼液成分的差异,评价了不同来源沼液存在的生态风险,旨在为不同来源沼液的资源化利用提供理论依据。研究结果表明,以牛粪和秸秆为原料的沼液COd浓度较高,分别达到6800 Mg·l？1和5800 Mg·l？1;以猪粪和混合粪便为原料的沼液氨氮浓度较高,都超过1800 Mg·l？1,而牛粪原料沼液氨氮浓度明显低于其他原料,平均值仅有450 Mg·l？1,因此以牛粪为原料的沼液COd/nH+4-n显著高于其他三种原料,COd/nH+4-n达到15,而其他三种原料的沼液COd/nH+4-n均低于5;所有原料沼液磷酸盐浓度的平均值均低于80 Mg·l？1;沼液中汞的污染较严重,且在不同原料和不同地区的沼液中具有普遍性;潜在生态风险指数rI分析结果表明,云南、河南和湖北的沼液rI介于130~260之间,属于中等生态危害,存在一定的生态风险。Forty-three biogas slurries from household biogas plants using different substrates were collected from different parts of China.The contents of chemical oxygen demand(COD), ammonium nitrogen(NH+ 4-N), phosphate(PO4 3?) and heavy metals were determined.The concentrations of COD in cow dung and straw as raw materials were higher than other treatments, reaching 6800 mg·L?1 and 5800 mg·L?1 respectively.The concentrations of NH+ 4-N in pig manure and mix manure were higher than other treatments, reaching more than 1800 mg·L?1..The concentration of NH+ 4-N in cow dung was significantly lower than that in other materials, with the average being 450 mg·L?1.Therefore, COD/ NH+ 4 ratio of 15 in the slurry with cow dung as raw material was significantly higher than those in other three materials(less than 5).The average PO4 3? concentrations of all raw biogas were lower than 80 mg·L?1.Mercury pollution was serious and universal in different materials and different provinces.Environment risk evaluation showed that the pollution in biogas slurries from Yunnan, Henan and Hubei was medium and could not be ignored.国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2013CB733505)~

Preparation of biochars from biogas residue and adsorption of ammonia-nitrogen in biogas slurry

以生物产甲烷的副产物沼渣为原料,用5种不同的方法通过化学活化法制备生物炭,实验结果表明5种生物炭对沼液中的氨氮都有吸附效果,而氢氧化钾活化制备的生物炭(kOH-CC)对氨氮的吸附效果相对较好,吸附剂对氨氮的吸附符合准二级吸附动力学,吸附等温线表现为lAngMuIr型,通过拟合计算最大吸附容量能达到120 Mg·g-1。对生物炭进行bET、扫描电镜及红外等表征,分析了kOH-CC生物炭吸附氨氮过程的作用机理。Five types of biochars were prepared through chemical activation utilizing fermentation residue from biogas plants.NaOH, KOH, H2SO4, H3PO4 and ZnCl2 were used as chemical activating agents.Biochars could absorb ammonia-nitrogen in biogas slurry.Biochar derived from KOH treatment(KOH-CC) showed better adsorption efficiency than the others.The adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, and the adsorption isotherm could be fitted to Langmuir equation.Simulation test indicated that the maximum adsorption capacity could reach 120 mg·g-1.The properties of KOH-CC were characterized by BET, SEM, XRD and FTIR.The machanism of ammonia-nitrogen adsorption was discussed.国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2013CB733505)~

独活寄生汤调控对大鼠椎间盘软骨细胞Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的影响

目的:从Wnt/β-catenin信号通路探讨独活寄生汤水提物对大鼠椎间盘退变软骨细胞功能的影响。方法:（1）用水提加热回流法制备独活寄生汤水提物成分;（2）选取4周龄健康雄性SD大鼠30只,采用机械-酶消化法分离大鼠椎间盘软骨组织,建立软骨细胞体外培养体系并进行鉴定;（3）RT-PCR、We stern blot法分别检测经DKK-1抑制剂干预及（或）经白细胞介素-1β诱导的椎间盘软骨细胞Wnt4、GSK-3β、β-catenin mRNA与蛋白含量的表达。结果:（1）椎间盘软骨细胞经Ⅱ型胶原法染色后,阳性对照组胞浆区域浸染为棕黄色;（2）RT-PCR、Western blot检测结果示,与正常组比较,模型组Wnt4、GSK-3β、β-catenin mRNA与蛋白含量表达显著升高（P<0.01）;与模型组比较,独活寄生汤水提物组(100,200,400μg·mL-1)的Wnt4、GSK-3β、β-catenin mRNA与蛋白含量表达显著降低（P<0.01或P<0.05）,其中以200μg·mL-1组的表达量最低（P<0.01）。结论:独活寄生汤水提物组可通过调控Wnt/β-catenin信号通路,下调大鼠椎间盘退变关节软骨中Wnt4、GSK-3β、β-catenin mRNA与蛋白含量表达,从而延缓椎间盘软骨细胞退变。福建省自然科学基金(2017J01224);;福建中医药大学校管课题(X2015034