迎风紧致格式与热流计算

该文在朱庆勇、马延文(1998)一文的基础上给出了利用迎风紧致格式求解NS方程.它是UCGVC格式在粘性流计算中的推广.对于方程中的无粘部分利用Steger-Warming的通量分裂技术将流通向量分裂成两部分,在此基础上据风向构造逼近于无粘项的三阶迎风紧致格式.对方程中的粘性部分采用通常的二阶中心差分格式.该文利用对Burgers方程的特征分析,研究了为正确模拟边界层内的流动特征对网格雷诺数的限制条件.通过对超声速粘性球头绕流的数值模拟表明:迎风紧致格式能在较大的网格雷诺数的条件下计算热流值,结果是令人满意的

Effects of elevated temperature on soil respiration in a coastal wetland during the nongrowing season in the Yellow River Delta, China

冬季土壤呼吸能释放生长季所固存的碳,因而在陆地碳循环中占有重要地位。随着全球气候变暖,平均地表温度将升高0.3–4.8℃,且冬季增温更加明显,而温度的升高会促进更多CO2的释放。另外,滨海湿地地下水位浅,淡咸水交互作用明显,增温能引起土壤表层盐分升高,从而影响土壤呼吸。该研究以黄河三角洲滨海湿地为研究对象,采用红外辐射加热器模拟增温,研究了该地区非生长季土壤呼吸的日动态及季节动态,同时探讨了土壤呼吸对环境因子的响应机制。结果显示:日动态中,增温与对照的土壤呼吸速率变化趋势一致,为单峰曲线;在平均日变化中,整个非生长季不同处理的土壤呼吸速率无显著差异,而土壤温度和土壤盐分均为增温大于对照,并且土..

基于牡丹类黄酮糖基转移酶基因建立VIGS技术体系

牡丹(Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews)花色的化学基础研究较为深入,但因其无遗传转化体系,导致花色相关基因的功能验证只能利用其他植物进行旁证。利用保守区段长分别为413和418 bp的牡丹花瓣类黄酮糖基转移酶基因PsUF3GT和PsUF5GT,通过VIGS表达载体,采用二因素三水平的试验体系对目的基因进行沉默。结果表明,PsUF3GT和PsUF5GT的表达量在花斑中(盛开期花瓣,真空抽滤15 min)和非斑中(蕾期花瓣,真空抽滤10 min)分别比空载体处理的花斑中(盛开期花瓣,真空抽滤10 min)和非斑中(蕾期花瓣,真空抽滤15 min)降低了65.0%和85.0%;花斑中总花青苷含量分别降低了24.2%和28.2%,尤其是盛开期花瓣(真空抽滤15 min)处理后3G型糖苷降低了92.2%,蕾期花瓣(真空抽滤10 min)处理后3G5G型糖苷降低了54.9%。由此获得了沉默PsUF3GT和PsUF5GT的适宜体系:以盛开期或者花蕾期带花柄的花朵为材料,抽真空渗透10~15 min后,置于去离子水中暗培养1 d(8℃,湿度60%);之后转移至23~25℃、湿度60%的环境,光照培养3 d后可用于检测和分析。本研究中建立的VIGS体系可有效沉默花瓣中的内源基因,为牡丹基因功能验证及其花色形成的分子机制研究奠定了基础

调蓄河湖群菹草potamogetoncrispusl功能性状特征及其与环境因子的关系

调水工程引起的多环境因子关联变化对沉水植物群落的影响机制有待深入探讨。以南水北调东线工程调蓄河湖群中菹草种群为研究对象,分析了京杭运河(YH)、高邮湖(GY)、洪泽湖(HZ)、骆马湖(LM)、南四湖上级湖(NS1)、南四湖下级湖(NS2)和东平湖(DP) 7个调蓄河湖中菹草个体功能性状特征及其与环境因子间的关系。结果表明:(1)除高锰酸盐指数(COD_(Mn))、浊度(Tur)和底泥有机质含量(S_o)外,总氮(TN)、硝氮(NO_3~-N)、氨氮(NH_4-N)、总磷(TP)、正磷酸盐(PO_4-P)、硅酸盐(SiO_4-Si)、叶绿素a(Chla)、总溶解性固体(TDS)、透明度(SD)、消光系数(K)、水温(T)、电导率(Cond)、酸碱度(pH)、溶解氧(DO)和底泥含水率(S_w)在河湖间差异达到了极显著水平;(2)菹草株高、茎分支数、茎节数、茎节长、茎直径、相对茎长、叶片数、叶厚、叶长、叶宽、叶面积、比叶面积、株重、茎重、叶重、茎叶比、茎干物质比、叶干物质比在河湖间差异极显著;(3)河湖群内菹草种群18个功能性状中,按变异系数从小到大依次为:叶宽、茎直径、叶长、茎干物质比、叶干物质比、叶面积、株高、茎节长、相对茎长、茎叶比、叶厚、茎节数、茎重、叶片数、株重、比叶面积、叶重、茎分支数; 7个调蓄河湖间,按照所有性状变异系数平均值从大到小排序依次为:南四湖下级湖、洪泽湖和京杭运河、高邮湖、东平湖、南四湖上级湖、骆马湖;(4)环境因子共解释了功能性状方差变异的49.43%;叶性状主要受营养因子(TN、NO_3~-N、SiO_4-Si)影响;茎性状与光照因子(Chla和SD)密切相关;底泥因子(S_o)对茎叶生物量分配起主要作用。</p

全国地层多重划分对比研究－新疆维吾尔自治区岩石地层

首次采用地层多重划分理论对比研究方法，提高实用性、科学性;编制新疆岩石地层区划图和地层序列表及横剖面图;建立地层数据库，编拉汉名称对照索引、重点介绍各地层大区典型的动植物化石及编制各地层大区层型剖面分布图。：研究成果是新疆地质生产和科研遵循的岩石地层“法典”，是地矿、石油等部门基础材料，也是教学的参考材料，实用性强，现已为生产、科研教学等广泛引用。近年来在新疆进行地学研究生产的20多家单位都不同程度引用了研究成果

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials