Ｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ Ｓｏｉｌ Ｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｔｙ ｉｎ Ｌｉｕｄａｏｇｏｕ Ｗａｔｅｒｓｈｅｄ

 本研究在六道沟流域采集土壤样品74个,通过测试分析各指标值,建立评价指标体系,采用模糊综合评价法(Fuzzy)与层次分析法(AHP)相结合的手段,计算出土壤肥力综合性指标值(IFI),对六道沟流域土壤肥力进行评价.结果表明:从土地利用类型来看,农用地IFI最高(0.68),表明农用地土壤肥力较好,荒草地和林地次之(IFI分别为0.53和0.40),灌木地土壤肥力最差(IFI为0.35).空间分布格局上,IFI以六道沟流域主沟线为中心向周围递减.总体来看,六道沟流域土壤肥力质量处于中下等水平,其中第3级土壤所占面积最大,占流域总面积的46.9%.处于1和2级的土壤仅占到流域面积的23.8%,而处于3-5级的土壤占到76.2%,是前者的3倍多. 更多还原Ｓｅｖｅｎｔｙ－ｆｏｕｒ　ｓｏｉｌ　ｓａｍｐｌｅｓ　ｗｅｒｅ　ｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｅｄ　ｉｎ　Ｌｉｕｄａｏｇｏｕ　ｗａｔｅｒｓｈｅｄ　ｌｏｃａｔｅｄ　ｉｎ　ａ　ｗａｔｅｒ－ｗｉｎｄ　ｅｒｏｓｉｏｎａｒｅａ　ｉｎ　Ｓｈａａｎｘｉ．Ａｎ　ｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎ　ｓｙｓｔｅｍ　ｆｏｒ　ｓｏｉｌ　ｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｔｙ　ｗａｓ　ｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ　ｂｙ　ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｉｎｇ　ｔｈｅ　ｒｅｌａｔｅｄ　ｉｎｄｅｘｅｓｏｆ　ｔｈｅ　ｓａｍｐｌｅｓ．Ａｎ　ｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｅｄ　ｓｏｉｌ　ｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｔｙ　ｉｎｄｅｘ（ＩＦＩ）ｗａｓ　ｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｅｄ　ｂａｓｅｄ　ｏｎ　ｆｕｚｚｙ　ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｖｅ　ｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎ（Ｆｕｚｚｙ）ｕｓｅｄ　ｉｎ　ｃｏｍｂｉｎａｔｉｏｎ　ｗｉｔｈ　ａｎａｌｙｔｉｃ　ｈｉｅｒａｒｃｈｙ　ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ（ＡＨＰ），ｔｏ　ｅｖａｌｕａｔｅ　ｓｏｉｌ　ｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｔｙ　ｏｆ　ｔｈｅｗａｔｅｒｓｈｅｄ．Ｏｆ　ｔｈｅ　４ｔｙｐｅｓ　ｏｆ　ｌａｎｄ　ｕｓｅ　ｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅｄ，ｆａｒｍｌａｎｄ　ｈａｄ　ｔｈｅ　ｈｉｇｈｅｓｔ　ＩＦＩ（０．６８），ｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄ　ｉｎ　ｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅ　ｂｙ　ｇｒａｓｓｌａｎｄ（０．５３），ｗｏｏｄｌａｎｄ（０．４０）ａｎｄ　ｓｈｒｕｂｌａｎｄ（０．３５）．Ｂａｓｅｄ　ｏｎ　ｉｔｓ　ｓｐａｔｉａｌ　ｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎ　ｐａｔｔｅｒｎ，ＩＦＩ　ｏｆ　Ｌｉｕｄａｏｇｏｕ　ｗａｔｅｒｓｈｅｄ　ｗａｓ　ｆｏｕｎｄ　ｔｏ　ｄｉｍｉｎｉｓｈ　ｓｔｅａｄｉｌｙ　ｆｒｏｍ　ｔｈｅ　ｍａｉｎ　ｔｒｅｎｃｈ　ｌｉｎｅ　ｏｕｔｗａｒｄ　ｔｏ　ｔｈｅａｄｊａｃｅｎｔ　ｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎｓ．Ｏｖｅｒａｌｌ，ｔｈｅ　ｑｕａｌｉｔｙ　ｏｆ　ｓｏｉｌ　ｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｔｙ　ｉｎ　Ｌｉｕｄａｏｇｏｕ　ｗａｔｅｒｓｈｅｄ　ｉｓ　ａｔ　ａ　ｍｅｄｉｕｍ－ｌｏｗ　ｌｅｖｅｌ，ｗｈｉｃｈ　ｃａｎ　ｂｅ　ｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｅｄ　ｉｎｔｏ　ｆｉｖｅ　ｇｒａｄｅ　ｌｅｖｅｌｓ．Ｔｈｅ　ｔｈｉｒｄ　ｇｒａｄｅ　ｃｏｖｅｒｓ　ｔｈｅ　ｌａｒｇｅｓｔ　ａｒｅａ，ａｃｃｏｕｎｔｉｎｇ　ｆｏｒ４６．９％ｏｆ　ｔｈｅ　ｔｏｔａｌ．Ｔｈｅ　ｆｉｒｓｔ　ａｎｄ　ｓｅｃｏｎｄ　ｇｒａｄｅｓ　ｏｎｌｙ　ａｃｃｏｕｎｔ　ｆｏｒ　２３．８％ ｏｆ　ｔｈｅ　ｔｏｔａｌ，ｗｈｉｌｅ　ｔｈｅ　ｔｈｉｒｄ，ｆｏｕｒｔｈ　ａｎｄ　ｆｉｆｔｈ　ｇｒａｄｅｓ　ａｃｃｏｕｎｔ　ｆｏｒ　７６．２％ｏｆ　ｔｈｅ　ｔｏｔａｌ

Contaminate characteristic of heavy metals in soils in Shenmu mining area

通过对神府煤田开采区3个煤矿区周围土壤Cu、Cd、Cr、Mn、Ni质量分数进行测定及分析,评价了煤田开采对周围土壤的污染程度。结果表明,长期的煤炭资源开发、运输等活动,已导致周围土壤受到重金属不同程度的累积性污染,土壤中Cd、Ni质量分数高于陕西省土壤背景值,且Cd污染程度较高,Ni污染程度较低,而Cu、Cr、Mn基本不受污染。3个煤矿表层土壤各重金属元素质量分数均表现出污染区大于对照区,但这种变化幅度存在一定差异;Cu、Cr、Mn 3种重金属元素虽没有超出背景值,但已表现出一定程度的累积;煤矿周围土壤重金属污染受到开采年限、土壤质地、风向等因素的影响。3个煤矿污染区土壤剖面样品中,5种重金属元素质量分数基本上随着土壤深度的增加呈现降低的趋势,且这种趋势具有波动性

Study of the Electrochemiluminescence Based on Tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium Ⅱand Some Nervous Amine Compounds Using Flow Injection Analysis

利用联吡啶钌 [Ru(bpy) 3Cl2 ]对几种胺类神经药物的电致化学发光 (ECL)流动注射分析进行了研究。使用改进的流动电解池 ,建立了原位在线的ECL方法 ,提高了检测的灵敏度。在浓度为 0 .0 5mol L的磷酸盐缓冲溶液 (pH =9.0 )中 ,甲基安非它明 (METH)的ECL最强。发光强度与浓度在 6.8× 1 0 - 1 1 ～ 6.8× 1 0 - 3mol L范围内具有良好的线性 ,检出限达 2× 1 0 - 1 6 mol/L ,优越于一般的检测方法 ;比较了METH与安非它明 (APM)的电致化学发光 ;研究了可待因、可卡因、吗啡和咖啡因等毒品的ECL行为 ,并利用循环伏安法对它们不同的发光强度进行了分析。实验结果表明 :该系统简单、方便 ,测定灵敏度高 ,尤其是不需要过氧化物 ,能更方便应用于流动分析体系 ,并为刑侦破案提供了一定的依据。A new electrochemiluminescence (ECL) method for the detection of methamphetamine (METH) and some nervous amine compounds is described. The pH of mobile phase and applied potential on glassy carbon electrode obviously influance the intensity of the ECL of METH. The mobile phase was selected as 0.1 mmpl/L Ru(bpy) 3Cl 2 in 0.05 mol/L NaH 2PO 4 NaOH (pH 9.0) buffer. The studies of the effect of applied potential and flow rate on ECL showed that METH gives the brightest light emission at the potential of +1.55 V and at the flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. A linear relationship was obtained from 6.84×10 -11 ～6.84×10 -3 mol/L with a correlation coefficient of R 2=0.9906 and the detection limit was 2×10 -1 mol/L under the experimental condition. The effect of surfactants on ECL was studied. The work also included the study of ECL of related compounds such as codeine, cocaine, morphine and so on. Cyclic voltammetry showed that their different oxidation currents might lead to their different ECL intensity. The method was simple, economical, sensitive, useful and provided some evidences for scout cases.国家自然科学基金 (No .2 9870 2 2 );; 教育部高等学校骨干教师计划资助项

Study of the electrochemiluminescence based on tris(2,2 '-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) and some nervous amine compounds using flow injection analysis

A new electrochemiluminescence (ECL) method for the detection of methamphetamine (METH) and some nervous amine compounds is described. The pH of mobile phase and applied potential on glassy carbon electrode obviously influance the intensity of the ECL of METH. The mobile phase was selected as 0.1 mmpl/L Ru (bpy)(3)Cl-2 in 0.05 mol/L NaH2PO4-NaOH (pH 9.0) buffer. The studies of the effect of applied potential and flow rate on ECL showed that METH gives the brightest light emission at the potential of + 1.55 V and at the flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. A linear relationship was obtained from 6.84 x 10(-11) similar to 6.84 x 10(-3) mol/L with a correlation coefficient of R-2 = 0.9906 and the detection limit was 2 x 10(-1) mol/L under the experimental condition. We effect of surfactants on ECL was studied. The work also included the study of ECL of related compounds such as codeine, cocaine, morphine and so on. Cyclic voltammetry showed that their different oxidation currents might lead to their different ECL intensity. The method was simple, economical, sensitive, useful and provided some evidences for scout cases

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel

JUNO sensitivity on proton decay p → ν K + searches*

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this study, the potential of searching for proton decay in the $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated. The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ is 36.9% ± 4.9% with a background level of $0.2\pm 0.05({\rm syst})\pm$$0.2({\rm stat})$ events after 10 years of data collection. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies