旋风分离器三维流场的测定

在φ400mm及φ830mn两个实验模型上,用五孔探针及热线风速仪较详尽地测定了旋风分离器的三维速度场以及湍流强度场.除切向速度分布验证了前人结果外,得到了径向速度非轴对称性,轴向速度分布中心处存在滞流、倒流、湍流强度在中心有单峰分布等结果,并初步考察了二次流引起的上涡环问题

农牧交错带混农式防护林组合配置方法

一种农牧交错带混农式防护林组合配置方法，该方法是在生态脆弱、地形复杂的农牧交错带上进行防护林组合配置布局，选择抗逆性强，速生，易繁殖，水土保持性好适宜性树种，并将两种树种交替按行排列种植，其中林带行数和农林比例为：林占25-40％，农占60％-75％，合理利用土地资源，完善防护林配套体系，农林草结合，进行适宜当地树种选择和不同立地条件下的多个重复的防护林组合配置营造技术试验，体现多元结构和整体防护效益。采用本发明提供的方法具有：在营林初期以农养林；增加收入；节约用水；增加地面的粗糙度，减少地面风蚀；防风效能高的特点

农牧交错带窄带多带防护林组合配置方法

本发明根据农牧交错带气候环境特点，如地表倾斜、干旱、多大风、黄土状成土母质、土壤为灰钙土，有机质含量低、土层瘠薄，以及因土地不合理开发利用而造成的土地退化和水土流失，提供一种农牧交错带窄带多带防护林组合配置方法，该方法是在生态脆弱、自然灾害多发农牧交错带上进行防护林组合配置布局，合理利用土地资源，完善防护林配套体系，体现群体防护效益。运用多学科分析方法和技术手段，进行适宜当地树种选择和不同立地条件下的多个重复的防护林组合配置营造技术试验

Gravitational wave detection by space laser interferometry

为印证广义相对论和开拓引力波天文学窗口,引力波探测是当前国际研究热点.本文围绕空间激光干涉引力波探测,对其科学意义、发展状况、关键技术等进行了回顾.与地面激光干涉引力波探测相比,空间探测的工作频段更低,从10~(-4)~10Hz,在工作距离为百万公里量级上,预计能探测到双致密星系统、超大质量比双黑洞绕转系统、中等质量比双黑洞绕转系统,以及星系合并引起的超大质量黑洞并合等波源.为此,测距精度须达到皮米的量级,并且保证测距技术有效工作的无拖曳航天技术亦有很高的要求.本文以欧洲的空间激光引力波探测计划为例,主要对上述两项技术进行分析和阐述,并展望了空间引力波探测在我国的发展趋势和前景

空间激光干涉引力波探测与早期宇宙结构形成

空间引力波探测是研究宇宙早期恒星演化和星系形成、黑洞和星系的共同成长等天文学和宇宙学重大问题的一条重要可能途径。经过两期科学院先导科技专项空间科学预研究课题的开展,通过权衡技术的可行性与科学的前瞻性,选择以高红移开始的中至大质量双黑洞并合系统、星团等稠密动力学环境中涉及中等质量黑洞的双黑洞引力波波源为主要科学目标,给出了我国毫赫兹至赫兹频段空间引力波探测任务计划的初步设计。以该任务设计建议为依据,简要介绍空间引力波探测及其作为一种新的天文观测手段的科学内涵,以及我国空间引力波探测任务设计的科学目标和探测潜力

伊犁河流域农牧交错带防护林营建技术研究及生态建设示范

1、项目的主要技术内容： ①选择流域重点区,进行林业生态示范工程建设。 ②开展优良树种选择和林农草优化组合配置试验,构建适宜当地的防护林建设技术集成模式。 ③进行人为干扰下的半荒漠草地恢复建设试验, 提出草地恢复措施。 ④进行伊犁河流域林业生态建设规划。 2、项目主要技术指标： ①流域重点防护林和林业生态建设试验示范技术指标： a、重点防护林和林业生态建设造林25000亩,其中核心示范区1500亩,林木成活率达到85﹪以上; b、选择适宜当地的优良树种; c、选择适宜当地水土保持型防护林结构配置技术; d、选择适宜当地草地恢复..

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials