浅析1986-2000年国民党与民进党内地政策的互动关系

国民党与民进党的内地政策一直是台湾岛内政治焦点之一。在三个时间段(1986-1991,1992-1997,1997-2000)国民党与民进党的内地政策存在一定的互动关系。在特殊的历史背景和政治生态的变化下,对国民党威权统治的抗争、岛内两岸交往主导权的争夺和选举竞争策略等三大因素主导着国、民两党内地政策变化以及互动关系。国家社科基金重大项目(项目编号:06&ZD032);; 教育部人文社科基金一般项目(项目编号:07JAGAT001

高速公路建设对环境影响的南北异同分析

近几年来,我国不断发展高速交通运输,高速公路建设不仅带来经济发展,而且也破坏了环境。在我国由于南北方自然环境等各个方面的差异,高速公路造成的环境影响特别是对生态环境影响也存在差异。文章在对比分析了南北方几条高速公路修建中对各环境要素的影响及环境保护对策基础上,总结出南北高速公路修建对环境影响的异同,为高速公路建设的环境保护工作提供参考

企业典型产品生命周期曲线的Logistic随机模型的拟合与应用

对企业产品生命周期的识别、特别是对典型产品生命周期的识别构成了产品生命周期理论的基础和难点。虽然lOgISTIC模型可用于产品生命周期的识别,但由于该模型参数的非线性性,在估计方法上存在一定困难。文章结合三段倒数和值法与fISHEr-Pry变换对典型产品生命周期的lOgISTIC随机模型进行拟合,并给出实证分析结果。不仅从曲线特征上适用于拟合典型产品生命周期,同时又满足了反映经济现象随机性特性的要求。教育部人文社会科学2007年度重大项目(07JJD790145

PWM strategy with virtual switching time for five-phase inverter

针对五相电压源型逆变器的脉冲宽度调制控制技术,提出一种基于虚拟开关时间的电压调制方法。该方法利用虚拟开关时间的概念推导出一个时间自由度与逆变器各相实际开关时间的关系。在一个开关周期内,通过对该自由度及各相开关时间的合理安排,可以有效的提高系统的调制系数。该方法既简单易懂,又容易数字化实现,无需进行扇区和目标矢量位置的判断,避免了计算量大的问题;通过一个额外自由度的运用,可以方便地在各种类型的脉冲宽度调制间实现无缝切换,并且在一定程度上也揭示了载波型脉冲宽度调制和空间矢量脉冲宽度调制的内在联系。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。The pulse width modulation(PWM)approach for five-phase voltage source inverter(VSI) is presented in this paper based on the concept of virtual switching time with a detailed explanation.The relationship between time degree of freedom and the actual inverter switching time of each phase is derived by using this concept.Through reasonable arrangement of the degree of freedom and switching time of each phase,the modulation factor in one switching cycle can be improved effectively.Various PWM schemes can be implemented with lower computational burden through this approach,as it's easy to be understood and realized,and furthermore,a seamless change from one modulation scheme to another becomes feasible.And to some extent,the internal relations of carrier-based PWM and space vector pulse width modulation(SVPWM) are also revealed.The proposed modulation strategy is proved to be effective through using numerical simulations.国家985工程建设项目(0630X13400

Hollow micro/nanostructures metal oxide as advanced anodes for lithium-ion batteries

电动汽车和智能电网的快速发展对锂离子电池提出了更高的要求,即在拥有高能量密度和高功率密度的同时,兼有快速充放电和较高的安全性能。电极材料是电池性; 能的关键,金属氧化物因为拥有较高的比容量和安全性能,已经成为有希望替代传统商用石墨负极的新型电极材料。然而,金属氧化物负极的循环结构稳定性较差、; 电导率低,由此导致差的循环及倍率性能,极大地阻碍了其商业化应用。近年来,拥有微纳米空心结构的金属氧化物显示出了优异的电化学性能。本文介绍了制备空; 心结构金属氧化物的常用方法,讨论了各种方法的优缺点,并列举了常见空心结构金属氧化物作为锂离子电池负极时的性能表现,最后对空心结构金属氧化物未来的; 发展方向和发展前景予以展望。More efforts are needed to upgrade the performances of lithium-ion; batteries (LIBs) for their further applications in various large; electrical appliances such as electric vehicles and smart grid as these; devices require high capacity, power density, high rate capability and; especially safety. Electrode materials are the key to the performance of; LIBs. Recently, metal oxides with much higher capacities and better; safety have the prospect of becoming alternative anode materials of; commercial graphite. However, the intrinsic low charge/ionic; conductivity and poor cycling structural stability lead to poor cycling; and rate performances, which greatly hinder their commercial; applications. To overcome these disadvantages of metal oxide anodes for; LIBs, several strategies have been developed during the past decade.; Among them, metal oxide hollow micro-nanostructures exhibit excellent; electrochemical properties as anode material for LIBs. In this review,; we first describe the current commonly preparation methods to synthesize; metal oxide hollow structures and comment on their advantages and; shortages. According to some typical examples, we show the promising use; of metal oxides hollow-structured anode materials for LIBs. Finally, the; direction and prospect of metal oxide hollow micro-nanostructures using; as anode materials are further discussed.国家重点研究计划纳米科技重点专项; 国家自然科学基金; 福建省自然科学基金项目; 厦门大学校长基

巴茱合剂治疗老年性痴呆肾虚髓减证36例

目的观察巴茱合剂治疗老年性痴呆肾虚髓减证的临床疗效。方法选取老年性痴呆肾虚髓减证患者74例随机分为治疗组36例和对照组38例。治疗组给予巴茱合剂口服,对照组给予金匮肾气丸配合银杏叶提取物片(金纳多)口服,疗程3个月。运用阿尔茨海默病评价量表-认知部分(ADAS-cog)、简易精神状态量表(MMSE)评价患者的智能,日常生活能力量表(ADL)评价患者的日常生活能力,中医证候疗效积分评价疗效。结果治疗组总有效率为88.9%,优于对照组71.1%,2组ADAS-cog评分、MMSE评分、ADL评分、中医证候疗效积分较治疗前均有所改善(P<0.05),且治疗组ADAS-cog评分、MMSE评分、中医证候疗效积分改善优于对照组(P<0.05)。2组治疗过程中未见不良反应发生。结论巴茱合剂能够改善老年性痴呆肾虚髓减证患者中医证候、智能及日常生活能力,未见不良反应发生。福建省科技重点项目(2012D064);; 厦门市中医药科研项目(wst201208);; 福建省中医科研课题(wzln201312

Application of 5S management method on the materials science & engineering experimental teaching and personnel training

将5S管理方法引入材料科学与工程实验室建设与实验教学管理中。通过建立5S推行组织、确定试运行实验室的方法学习5S管理模式,以点带面,建立逐步在整个实验教学中心、在学生培养中推行5S管理的方法。The 5S management method is introduced into material science and engineering laboratory construction and experimental teaching management.By establishing an implementation organization, determining the test run laboratory, the 5S management mode is studied.And then fan out from point to area, it's gradually set up in the whole experiment center.It's also implemented during the personal training of the students in the university.教育部“十二五”国家级实验教学示范中心:厦门大学材料科学与工程专业实验教学示范中心(教高厅函[2012]13号); 教育部卓越工程师教育培养计划:厦门大学材料科学工程(教高厅函[2013]38号); 教育部第二批高等学校特色专业建设点:材料科学与工程(教高函[2007]31号); 福建省本科高校专业综合改革试点:材料科学与工程专业(闽教高[2012]41号

Ecological effects of predator chemical cues in aquatic ecosystem

捕食信息素是捕食者释放的,能够引发猎物反捕食反应的化学信号。在水生生态系统中,捕食信息素在捕食者和猎物之间信息传递及协同进化过程中发挥着重要的作用,其生态学效应在国际上受到广泛关注。捕食信息素的来源有多种形式,研究中常使用养殖过捕食者的水溶液作为捕食信息素的来源。捕食信息素的作用效果受到捕食者和猎物的种类、信息素的浓度、观察的指标等多方面因素的影响。捕食信息素可以对水生生物的行为、形态和生活史特征等方面造成影响。水生生物通过感知捕食信息素来提前预知潜在的被捕食风险,并作出适应性调整,以降低被捕食的风险。在某些情况下,捕食信息素可以与污染物产生交互作用,从而干扰污染物对水生生物的毒性。对水生环境中捕食信息素的研究现状做了综述,介绍了当前对捕食信息素来源和理化性质等本质问题的认识,总结捕食信息素对水生生物行为、形态和生活史特征的影响,以及捕食信息素对污染物毒性的干扰,并分析了这一研究领域尚存在的困难和今后的研究方向。加强对捕食信息素的研究,将为解析水生环境中捕食者和猎物的生态关系提供新依据。Predator chemical cues are chemical signals released by predators that inform potential prey of the presence of predators.Predator cues allow prey to detect and evade predators from a distance.In aquatic ecosystem,predator chemical cues have been shown to play an important role in information transmission and evolutionary race between prey and predator.The effect of predator cues on aquatic organisms has received increased attention recently.This paper summarized the current understanding on the nature of predator chemical cues and the ecological effects of predator chemical cues on the behavior,morphology,and life-history of aquatic organisms.Recent work on the effects of predator cues on disturbing the toxicity of contaminants was also reviewed.Predator chemical cues origin from the skin exudates,faeces,or injured tissue of predators.It was sometimes confused with conspecific cues since conspecific cues could induce similar responses.Studies examining the effects of predator cues often used predator conditioned water as the sources of predator chemical cues.Although knowledge about the chemical nature of predator chemical cues is still scarce,considerable advances have been made,especially for the identification of cues inducing anti-predator defenses in ciliates and cues originated from fishes.Itwas found that the effects of predator cues are associated with predator species,predator's diet,concentration of cues,and many other factors.The identification and isolation of predator cues is an important step towards understanding the nature and ecological effects of predator cues.Numerous studies have shown that predator-released chemical cues could induce behavioral,morphological and life-historical anti-predator responses in preys.Behavioral responses to predator cues include avoidance of the area where cues is detected,decreased activity levels or freezing,and increased use of shelter.Behavioral responses of prey to predator cues have been found in cladocerans,gastropods,fishes,and amphibians.Morphological defenses have been found in a wide range of aquatic taxa,including algae,protozoans,rotifers,cladocerans,gastropods,insects,fishes and amphibians.Among them Chaoborus-induced morphological defense in Daphnia have received the most attention.Life-history responses to predator cues were mainly studied in cladocerans and amphibians,and the responses include adaptive changes in life-history switch points( such as timing of hatching and metamorphosis),longevity and reproduction.The anti-predation responses make prey less vulnerable to predation,and is believed to cause costs that are saved in the absence of predators.Interestingly,it was found that predator cues may interact with contaminants and influence their toxicity to the survival,growth,and life-history of prey.The interaction may be influenced by the sources of predator cues,classes of contaminants and their concentrations,endpoints of prey,and so on.These findings indicate that predatory stress plays an important role in the process of how contaminants exert their effects within the aquatic environment.The mechanisms of interaction between predator cues and contaminants are still unclear.Although considerable progress has been made,several key questions in this area remain.Future studies are needed to explore the chemical nature of predator cues and to examine the signal transmission process in predator-prey interaction.Knowledge of the chemistry and signal transmission process of predator chemical cues may improve our ability to design meaningful experiments,so as to gain better understanding on predator-prey interaction in aquatic ecosystem.中国博士后科学基金(2012M521658); 国家自然科学基金(31000244); 广西自然科学基金(2013GXNSFCA019009); 广西卫生厅科研项目(Z2012218

Adsorption behavior of Fe-Mn binary oxide towards As(Ⅲ) and As(Ⅴ) and its application in biogas slurry

研究了铁锰复合氧化物(fMbO)吸附去除AS(Ⅲ)、AS(V)的性能。结果表明fMbO对AS(Ⅲ)、AS(V)均具有较好的吸附能力,其饱和吸附量分别为111.10、71.40 Mg·g-1。AS(Ⅲ)和AS(V)是通过与fMbO表面的fE—OH基团进行交换并形成内层络合物的形式被fMbO吸附,且AS(Ⅲ)的吸附是吸附和氧化共同作用的结果。另外,沼液中共存离子对AS(Ⅲ)和AS(V)的吸附有不同的影响。zn2+能够增加fMbO对AS(Ⅲ)、AS(V)的吸附量,且增加幅度随着zn2+浓度的增加而增加;磷酸根对AS(Ⅲ)、AS(V)的吸附有明显的抑制作用,当磷与砷的分子摩尔比为1时,fMbO对AS(Ⅲ)、AS(V)的吸附量分别降低了34.70%、31.50%;但是有机物(腐殖酸、动物蛋白及尿素)对fMbO吸附AS(Ⅲ)、AS(V)的影响不大。利用fMbO对实际沼液中的砷进行吸附,结果表明砷的去除率平均达到65%左右,使吸附后某些沼液中砷的浓度达到生活饮用水标准和地表水排放标准。因此,将fMbO用于砷污染的沼液及水体的治理具有很好的应用前景。The adsorption behavior of arsenite(As(Ⅲ)) and arsenate(As(Ⅴ)) by Fe-Mn binary oxide(FMBO) was studied.The results indicated that FMBO had strong adsorption ability to both As(Ⅲ) and As(Ⅴ) and the maximum adsorption capacity was 111.10, 71.40 mg·g-1 respectively.As(Ⅲ) and As(Ⅴ) were adsorbed on FMBO surface through forming inner-sphere surface complexes by ligand exchange with hydroxyl groups, and As(Ⅲ) removal by FMBO was through an oxidation and adsorption combined process.In addition, the influences of co-existing substances generally present in biogas slurry were examined.Zinc ion could promote As(Ⅲ) and As(Ⅴ) adsorption on FMBO and the adsorption capacity increased with increasing zinc ion concentration.Phosphate had significant effect on As(Ⅲ) and As(Ⅴ) removal.When P/As ratio was equal to 1, the adsorption capacity of As(Ⅲ) and As(Ⅴ) was reduced by 34.70%, 31.50%, respectively.However, organics, such as humic acid, animal protein and carbamide had no significant effect on As(Ⅲ) and As(Ⅴ) removal.Moreover, FMBO as adsorbent for removal arsenic of actual biogas slurry was investigated.The average removal rate of arsenic of actual biogas slurry was about 65%, decreasing the arsenic concentration of some biogas slurry to the drinking water and surface water discharge standard.Therefore, FMBO could be an attractive adsorbent for both As(Ⅴ) and As(Ⅲ) removal from biogas slurry.国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2013CB733505); 国家自然科学基金项目(21077086)~

Construction an Opening Materials Science and Engineering Experimental Platform for all Students in the University

厦门大学材料科学与工程实验教学中心是2012年教育部批准建设的国家级专业实验教学示范中心。该实验教学中心针对不同学科、不同层面的学生,开设面向本专业的A类专业实验课程、面向校内相关理工科专业的B类材料基础实验课程以及面向全校各专业的C类材料通识实验课程。通过分层次、分体系的实验课程设置,教学科研协同发展和校企联合培养的实验教学模式,以及智能化管理系统的建设,实现实验室对全校师生的开放,全面提高实验中心的辐射示范作用。Materials science and engineering experimental teaching center of Xiamen University is an national professional teaching demonstration center, which was approved to construct by the education Ministry in 2012. According to the knowledge background and different requirement of the students in the university the experimental teaching center offers three level experimental courses： Course A is for the students in material college, which contains many specialized materials experiments; Course B is for the students major in science and engineering in the university, which contains basic materials experimental courses; Course C is for all students in the university, which contains general study materials experimental courses. Through the three level course settings and relevant teaching methods, as well as a controlled, visualized and intelligent management system, the center orderly opening to the students comes true. It is benefit to improve the role of radiation and demonstration of the center