汉语反问句在会话交际中的信息调节功能分析

以不同的事件信息类型(A、B-events),即交际双方对信息的认识状态的不同为出发点,可以更好地对汉语反问句的使用情况进行描写,能够分析反问句如何协调共同背景从而推进信息的交流。基于不同事件信息类型的反问句的语言形式和语用功能在使用时显现出的特点,也可以判断反问句是否有疑,如果是基于Bevents的反问句,可能会有疑,而其他类型的反问句则无疑。另外,反问句在交际互动中呈现出礼貌程度的等级差异,其中基于AB-events的反问句礼貌程度最高,而基于O-events的礼貌程度最低。文章强调,对反问句的研究离不开它所处的真实言谈环境。国家社科基金重点项目(14AYY015)资

基于带权词格的循环神经网络句子语义表示建模

目前,循环神经网络(recurrent neural network, RNN)已经被广泛应用于自然语言处理的文本序列语义表示建模.对于没有词语分隔符的语言,例如中文,该网络以经过分词预处理的词序列作为标准输入.然而,非最优的分词粒度和分词错误会对句子语义表示建模产生负面作用,影响后续自然语言处理任务的进行.针对这些问题,提出基于带权词格的循环神经网络模型.该模型以带权词格作为输入,在每个时刻融合多个输入向量和对应的隐状态,融合生成新的隐状态.带权词格是一种包含指数级别分词结果的压缩数据结构,词格中的边权重在一定程度上体现了不同分词结果的一致性.特别地,利用词格权重作为融合函数中权重建模的监督信息,进一步提升了模型句子语义表示的学习效果.相比于传统循环神经网络,该模型不仅能够缓解分词错误对句子语义建模产生的负面影响,同时使得语义建模具有更强的灵活性.在情感分类和问句分类2个任务上的实验结果证明了该模型的有效性.国家自然科学基金项目(61672440);;北京语言大学语言资源高精尖创新中心资助;;国家语言文字工作委员会一般项目(YB135-49);;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(ZK1024);;苏州大学江苏省计算机信息处理技术重点实验室开放课题(KJS1520)~

用HPLC-MS-MS快速分析和鉴定三尖杉植物内生真菌发酵液中的Brefeldin A

采用HPLC -MS -MS联用技术 ,分析了C56和C65两株具有抗肿瘤活性的三尖杉植物内生真菌发酵液抽提物 ,首次报道了这两株真菌都能产生BrefeldinA(BFA)。采用ESI-MS总离子流跟踪分析HPLC的洗脱液 ,并用低能量的CID -MS -MS(碰撞诱导裂解方式 )进一步确定目标离子峰为BFA分子离子峰 ,这为植物内生真菌发酵液中的有效成分的早期鉴别奠定了基

A TWO-PARTICLE TURBIDIMETRIC LATEX IMMUNOASSAY FOR THE DETECTION OF SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES OF TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

目的　建立旋毛虫病的快速检测技术。方法　基因工程抗原包被有色乳胶颗粒，抗抗体包被磁性颗粒，在抗体存在下形成抗原－ 乳胶－ 抗体－ 抗抗体－ 磁性颗粒的复合场，在磁场作用下沉淀下来，从而达到快速检测旋毛虫相关抗体的目的。结果　１９ 份人工感染鼠血清、５ 份人工感染猪血清、３ 份旋毛虫病猪血清、４ 份病人血清均呈阳性反应，而对照血清均为阴性反应；该方法在鼠感染旋毛虫后第五天可测出ＩｇＭ 抗体，第九天可测出ＩｇＧ抗体。结论　本检测技术简便易行，不需专用设备，可望成为一种快速诊断旋毛虫病的有效方法。Aim To establish a rapidly detecting method for the specific antibodies of Trichinella spiralis Method Latex was coated with p49/GST and polystyrene beads(Dynabeads)were coated with anti-antibodies SAM-IgG、SAH-IgG、RAP-IgG or SAM-IgM Then the test serum was incubated with two particles for 30 min at room temperature with slowly shaking After sedimentation of the polystyrene beads with a magnet,the turbidity of the resultant latex suspension was estimated with eyes or measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 400nm Results Positive result of IgG antibody were found in 19 sera of experimental infected mice,3 sera of experimental infected swine and 4 sera of patients The IgM and IgG can be check up in mice after 5 and 9 days after experimental infection The result agreed with those obtained by ELISA Conclusion A two-particle turbidimetric latex immunoassy established by this study is a rapid,easy and precise method for the diagnosis of the trichinosis福建省科委(农医)项目!(95-Z150

DIAGNOSIS OF TRICHINOSIS BY ELISA WITH P49/GST ANTIGEN

目的以纯化的融合蛋白 p49/GST为抗原建立ELISA检测方法。方法对一批试验血清进行间接ELISA检测。结果 19份人工感染鼠血清、5份人工感染猪血清、4份旋毛虫病猪血清、4份病人血清呈IgG抗体阳性 ,2 1份人工感染鼠血清呈IgM抗体阳性 ,而正常对照血清及 30 0份屠宰场待检猪血清均呈阴性反应 ,其结果与常规压片法结果相符。结论融合蛋白p49/GST对于研制旋毛虫病的诊断抗原具有的潜在应用价值Aim To establish ELISA detecting method for the specific antibodies of Trichinella spiralis.Method A series of confirmed trichinosis sera were detected with ELISA with fusion protein p49/GST.Results Positive results of IgG antibody were found in 19sera of experimental infected mouse and 3sera of infected swine and 4 sera of patients;positive results of IgM antibody were found in 21 sera of experimental infected mouse .All normal sera were negative. Conclusion The ELISA with p49/GST can be regarded as a sensitive, specific immunological method for the diagnosis of trichinosis.福建省重点(农医 )项目资助!(项目号 :95 -Z -15 0

Study on Matching Pursuit Based Low-bit Rate Speech Coding

该文正是沿着正弦建模正弦分析的方向,采用匹配跟踪技术,结合心理声学模型,研究了新的建模方法及模型参数的量化编码,对低位率语音编码及相关问题进行了有益的探索,并取得了如下创新性研究成果:1.运用匹配跟踪技术处理了语音信号增强问题,给出了匹配跟踪信号增强过程中相干比阈值的确定方法.2.研究了基于匹配跟踪的正弦建模问题,提出了动态掩蔽阈值、感知梯度等概念,以及感知梯度正弦建模算法.3.针对正弦模型参数的量化编码,提出了幅度参数矢量量化、频率参数差分量化等方法,并探讨了频率盒量化模型以及随机相位和零相位模型等.4.围绕编码位率的降低和语音质量的提高,以逐步求精层层递进的方式研究了一系列压缩编码方案,并最终提出一个位率在1.5~2.4kpbs的综合编码方案.针对各种不同建模方法和参数量化技术,该文探讨了基于普通匹配跟踪正弦建模的压缩编码、感知梯度正弦建模压缩编码、基于动态字典匹配跟踪的压缩编码、分类动态字典压缩编码,以及结合感知梯度正弦建模和分类动态字典的综合编码方案.5.提出了CAMDF函数,以及基于CAMDF的语音分类与基音估计算法,并在该文的压缩编码方案中得以运用.The speech coding technology has achieved high quality of reconstructed speech at high-bit rate and medium-bit rate. For low-bit rate and even very-low-bit rate, however, to achieve high speech quality is still a challenge problem that has important significance in theory and potential application value in practice. This makes lots of researchers explore new methods and techniques for the goal, such as techniques for sinusoidal modeling and methods for parameter quantization, and so on. Following the direction of sinusoidal modeling and sinusoidal analysis, this thesis adopted the matching pursuit techniques along with the psychoacoustic model, explored some novel methods for sinusoidal modeling as well as the quantization of model parameters, and discussed the low bit rate speech coding and its related problems. The major contributions of this thesis are included in the following: The matching pursuit techniques are applied to enhance speech signal, and a method to determine the threshold of coherent ratio is provided in the enhancement procedure based on matching pursuit. With the method, the noisy signal can be efficiently enhanced in a rather wide range while the statistical property of signal and noise is unknown. The sinusoidal modeling based on matching pursuit is studied in this thesis, and the concepts of dynamic masking threshold and perceptual gradient are proposed as well as the algorithm of sinusoidal modeling with perceptual gradient. The newly proposed method makes good use of the psychoacoustic model. And the perceptual information contained in the synthesized signal is increased in a furthest way during the modeling procedure. Therefore the efficiency of modeling is improved. The quality of the synthesized speech by this approach is rather high even though the model precision is low. In order to encode the parameters of sinusoidal model, the vector quantization techniques for amplitude parameters and the differential quantization for frequency parameters are proposed and discussed. At the same time, the frequency bin model, the random phase model and the zero phase model are also discussed. All of these reduce efficiently the coding bit rate. 4. Aimed at the reduction of bit rate and the improvement of speech quality, a serial of speech coding schemes are studied in a gradual refinement way, and an integrated coding scheme at 1.5～2.4kbps is presented finally. With different modeling methods and quantization techniques, the speech compression schemes discussed in this thesis include: the compression based on general matching pursuit sinusoidal modeling, the compression based on sinusoidal modeling with perceptual gradient, the compression based on dynamic dictionary matching pursuit, the compression scheme using classified dynamic dictionaries, and the integrated compression scheme that combines the sinusoidal modeling with perceptual gradient and the classified dynamic dictionaries. From these schemes it can be seen that matching pursuit based sinusoidal modeling has great potential in low bit rate speech coding, and provides a new way to study this problem. The finally proposed compression scheme takes more psycho acoustic effects into consideration, and takes the advantage of classified process, dynamic dictionary and sinusoidal modeling with perceptual gradient. Both of its bit rate and speech quality are superior to some existing international coding schemes and standards. 5. A function named CAMDF is proposed as well as the CAMDF-based algorithms for speech classification and pitch estimation. The algorithms are used for the coding schemes in this thesis. Because the CAMDF conquers the defect of traditional AMDF, the new pitch detection algorithm not only efficiently decreases the estimation errors, but also simplifies the detection process and improves the precision of estimated value. Speech classification using CAMDF also obtains satisfying results. Finally, the key points of the thesis are summarized, some improvements to be done in the current research are analyzed, and some suggestions and expectations for future work are provided

关于工民建施工工程管理的思考

随着我国社会经济的迅速发展,为建筑工程行业提供了更多的发展机会,推动我国城市化建设的不断发展。但是,工民建项目在施工工程管理中,依旧存在部分不足之处,需要针对其存在的问题进行良好的处理,从而提高工民建施工工程管理的效率,促使工民建的长远发展。基于此,本文将主要针对工民建施工过程中的工程管理展开分析研究,通过发现管理中存在的各个问题,制定合理的解决措施,显著提升工民建企业的竞争力。</jats:p