利用光延迟自注入DBR激光器得到微波的装置及方法

一种利用光延迟自注入DBR激光器得到微波的装置，包括：一方波发射器；一DBR激光器，该DBR激光器经一电阻与方波发射器的输出端连接；一3dB的耦合器，该3dB的耦合器的两个输入端的一端与DBR激光器的输出端连接；一掺铒光纤放大器，该掺铒光纤放大器的输入端与3dB的耦合器的两个输出端的一端连接，该掺铒光纤放大器的输出端经光纤延迟线返回接入3dB的耦合器的另一输出端；一高频光探测器，该高频光探测器的输入端与3dB的耦合器的另一输入端连接；一频谱仪，该频谱仪的输入端与高频光探测器的输出端连接

用推广的平面波展开展法检验平面内极化的电子子带跃迁

把平面波展开包络函数的方法推广到求解8带的哈密顿量,使它同时包括Г~c_1和Г~v_(15).在这种方法里,可以考虑反演不对称性、能带的非抛物性、有效质量不连续性以及 自旋-轨道耦合等效应的影响.作为应用,计算了两个量子阱结构的子带和光跃迁概率.实验上在这两个结构中观察到了平面内极化的电子子带跃迁.计算表明这种跃迁的概率很小.实验上观察到的平面内极化的电子子带吸收可能有其他的机制

一种亚微米压电柔性微动系统设计及性能分析

为获得精密直线运动输出，设计一种压电柔性微驱动系统，系统由压电致动器及柔性微动机构组成，在压电致动器驱动下系统具有亚微米级定位精度。基于柔性铰链导向、传动原理，设计了一种精密柔性微动机构，在此基础上提出了压电柔性微驱动系统设计方案。采用有限元法对系统进行了运动学分析、强度分析、动态分析，分析结果显示，系统具有定位精度高（最大定位误差为0.24 μm）、强度性能好、动态性能优良等优势。研究对微驱动系统研究及应用具有一定的参考价值

基于马赫-曾德尔结构的硅基光波导温度传感器

一种基于马赫-曾德尔结构的硅基光波导温度传感器，是利用其透射光谱对温度的敏感性来实现对温度的传感，包括：一激光器；一Y型波导，该Y型波导的一端为入射波导，入射波导的一端有一第一正锥，该Y型波导的第一正锥通过光纤与激光器连接；该Y型波导的另两端分为参考臂波导和传感臂波导；该Y型波导的参考臂波导的一端有一第二正锥；该Y型波导的传感臂波导的一端有一第三正锥；一第一功率计，该第一功率计通过光纤与参考臂波导的第二正锥连接；一马赫-曾德尔波导结构，该马赫-曾德尔波导结构接入传感臂波导的中间；一第二功率计，该第二功率计通过光纤与传感臂波导的第三正锥连接

A novel evaluation method for epigenetic demethylation toxicity of contaminated aquatics based on EGFP reporter

PEgfP-C3质粒经过体外人工甲基化处理后,被转染进入HEPg2细胞以构建重组细胞株.以5-AzA为阳性去甲基化毒物与重组细胞共培养,通过亚硫酸氢钠测序法定量检测EgfP基因启动子区甲基化状态,通过实时定量PCr检测EgfP基因表达,借助流式细胞术和荧光摄片定量检测共培养细胞的绿色荧光强度,在dnA甲基化、EgfP基因MrnA表达、gfP蛋白等多个层次研究5-AzA染毒处理与其去甲基化能力和荧光表达改变的响应关系.对天津污染水产的去甲基化能力进行了实际样品测试.结果表明,5-AzA与重组细胞的dnA甲基化、基因表达、蛋白产物变化之间存在显著关联,具有较低的检出浓度和良好的重复性.天津污染海域的水产去甲基化能力较强.本文初步建立了一种污染物去甲基化表观遗传毒性评价方法.To study a novel evaluation method for demethylation epigenetic toxicity of pollutants based on an artificial recombinant pEGFP-C3 plasmid, pEGFP-C3 plasmid was methylated with M.SssⅠ in vitro first and then transfected into HepG2 cells.Taking 5-AZA as positive demethylation agent, the levels of methylation of the EGFP CMV promoter region, EGFP gene expression and green fluorescence intensity of the recombinant cell lines was quantified with sodium bisulfite sequencing assay, quantitative real-time quantitative PCR and flow cytometry at the time of 24 h after the cells co-cultured with 5-AZA gradients, respectively.A dose-respond relationship was explored between the cells’ response intensity at the former three levels and the co-cultured 5-AZA.The demethylation ability of the aquatic from polluted area of Tianjin basin was tested with this novel method.Good dose-respond relationships were found between DNA methylation of CMV promoter, EGFP gene expression, green fluorescence intensity of the recombinant cells and 5-AZA.The equation for green fluorescence intensity of the test cells and 5-AZA is y = 0.640lnx + 10.284 with R2 = 0.890.This method has a detection limit of 0.00004 μM 5-AZA and good repeatability with variation of 7.5%-23.9%.Almost half of the aquatic from the Tianjin basin was found demethylation ability positively with this method.国家自然科学基金(20907047);中国环境科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项基金(2008KYYW05)资

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials