Advances in Studies on Fertilization of Torenia fournieri(Scrophulariaceae)

蓝猪耳(Torenia fournieri L.)胚囊半裸露,在光学显微镜下能清楚观察到卵细胞、助细胞及部分中央细胞的形态结构,有助于原位观察卵细胞在受精前后的变化状态,被认为是研究被子植物体内受精机理的一种模式植物。综述了蓝猪耳的受精机理:花粉管定向进入胚囊的方式与机理、钙在受精过程中的作用、受精前后胚囊细胞骨架的动态变化。简要介绍了离体受精技术在蓝猪耳受精生物学中的发展应用。根据前人对蓝猪耳的研究成果并结合我们的研究,指出蓝猪耳在受精生物学中的应用,特别是借助离体受精技术平台,将具有更大的研究前景。Torenia fournieri(Scrophulariaceae) is a suitable experimental plant for studies of angiosperm fertilization since it has semi-naked embryo sac within which egg cell,two synergids and part of the central cell are clearly visible under the light microscope,which facilitates the in situ observation of egg cell before and after fertilization.Progress in researches on fertilization mechanism of T.fournieri is reviewed in the following aspects: how the pollen tubes get into the embryo sac,dynamics of calcium in fertilization process,changes in the cytoskeleton of embryo sacs before and after fertilization.The significance of T.fournieri in the studies of in vitro fertilization is briefly described.国家自然科学基金(30170060,30370099,40332021)资

Mirk/Dyrk1b在上皮性卵巢癌组织中的表达及意义

目的:探讨Mirk/Dryk1b(Minibrain-related kinase/Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase1B)在卵巢组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法:利用免疫组化检测Mirk/Dyrk1b在30例上皮性卵巢癌、20例上皮性卵巢囊腺瘤、10例正常卵巢组织中的表达。结果:Dyrk1b在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达明显高于上皮性卵巢囊腺瘤及正常卵巢组织(P0.05)。结论:Dyrk1b在上皮性卵巢癌中高表达,提示其可能参与了肿瘤的发生和发展,并有望成为临床早期诊断的肿瘤标志物和新的卵巢癌治疗的靶基因

Isolation and Collection of Two Groups of Sperm Cells from Torenia fournieri

蓝猪耳是二细胞型花粉,生殖细胞在花粉管中分裂形成两个精细胞。用体内-体外技术培养出花粉管后,将其置于爆破液中即可释放出花粉管内含物,其中包括两个精细胞和营养细胞。在显微镜下两个精细胞具二型性:体积较大的精细胞与花粉管的营养核相连,体积较小的精细胞只与大精细胞连接。两个精细胞之间的连接比较结实,需用微量酶液将两个精细胞分开。用显微操作仪就可分别挑选出两个精细胞群体,分别有上百个细胞。蓝猪耳精细胞的成功分离为利用蓝猪耳开展离体受精研究打下了良好的基础。这种单一纯化的精细胞群体的获得为用分子生物学方法区分两个精细胞的特异基因和蛋白质创造了条件。Pollen of Torenia fournieri is two-celled and the division of generative cell occurs in the pollen tube. In vivo - in vitro technique was applied to get isolated sperm cells. After growing in vivo for 5 h, the pollinated style was cut and transferred into a medium containing 5% (w/v) sucrose, 0.01% (w/v) H3BO3, 0.01% (w/v) CaCl2, 0.01% (w/v) KH2PO4, at pH 5.0. Numerous pollen tubes emerged from the cut end of the style after culture for 2-3 h. When the pollen tubes were transferred to a broken solution containing 5% mannitol, some pollen tubes broke and the tube contents including two sperm cells were released in the broken solution. The two sperm cells of Torenia fournieri are dimorphism: one is big and the other small. The bigger one (Svn) associates with vegetative nucleus and the small one (Sua) associates with the bigger one. Two sperm cells can be divided into two individual groups using a micromanipulator. These two dimorphic sperm cells could provide male gametophytic cells for further in vitro studies and various biotechnological experiments, such as preferential fertilization and gametic recognition in higher plants.国家自然科学基金(30170060,30370099,40332021)资

Isolation of Egg Cells and Zygotes from Torenia fournieri

蓝猪耳(Toreniafournieri)胚囊部分裸露出胚珠,在光学显微镜下能清楚观察到卵细胞和助细胞的形态结构。用解剖和酶解-解剖两种方法都能分离出生活卵细胞。用前种方法机械分离出的卵细胞数量较少(5%),但避免了酶对配子识别研究的干扰。在后种方法中加入0.1%纤维素酶和0.1%果胶酶既能使分离更加容易操作,又对卵细胞没有致命伤害,能在短时间内分离出较多的卵细胞(18%)。用酶解-解剖方法也可分离出授粉14h后的合子细胞。Torenia fournieri is a special plant withembryo sac partly protruding through the micropyleof ovule, and its egg cell, two synergids and part ofthe central cell can be clearly observed using lightmicroscope (Plate I-1, 2). The feature of embryosac of T. fournieri makes it easy to isolate egg celland zygote, especially for physiologically mature andvigorous egg cell to study its fertilization mechanism.Egg cells of T. fournieri were isolated from em-bryo sacs 2 d after anthesis using enzymatic diges-tion or mechanical dissection after mild osmoticshock (Plate I-3, 4). About 5% egg cells (2–3 from50 ovules) could be mechanically dissected within2 h. When 0.1% cellulase and 0.1% pectinase wereadded into the solution, about 18% egg cells (8–10from 50 ovules) could be isolated within 2 h (PlateI-5). Although egg cells could be isolated by me-chanical dissection, they can be used in in vitro fer- tilization to probe fertilization mechanism withoutdeleterious effect of enzymatic action on the surfaceof egg cell. But it is easier to isolate egg cells byusing enzymatic digestion, and more egg cells canbe obtained for the research of molecular biology.Using enzymatic digestion method, the zygote ofTorenia fournieri was also isolated from the polli-nated ovules (Plate I-7–10). Basing on our success-ful isolation of mature sperm cells, the isolation ofegg cells of T. fournieri will make in vitro fertiliza-tion possible for the first time in a dicot plant.国家自然科学基金项目(No.30170060)资助。~

Synthesis kinetics of isoamyl acetate catalysized using activated charcoal loaded H_3PO_（40）W_（12）·xH_2O

以活性炭吸附磷钨酸水合物作催化剂催化合成乙酸异戊酯,在优化条件下,消除内外扩散,研究乙酸浓度与时间的变化关系,建立酯化反应的表观动力学模型,并对模型进行验证。结果表明,常压下,在实验条件范围内,该酯化反应为二级反应,活化能为Ea=31.20 kJ/mol,指前因子k0=114.43 L/（mol.min）,动力学模型计算结果与实际测定结果相符合,动力学方程为：r=dCA/dt=114.43e-31197/RTCACB。Isoamyl acetate was synthesized using activated charcoal loaded H3PO40W12·xH2O as a catalyst.By the elimination of internal and external diffusion,the concentration change of acetic acid with reaction time was determined.Kinetics model of this esterization reaction was investigated and evaluated under the optimized experimental conditions.The results show this esterization is a second-order reaction,with a Ea=31.20 kJ/mol,k0=114.43 L/（mol·min）.Calculated values agreed with experimental values well.The kinetics equation is：r=dCA/dt=114.43e-31197/RTCACB国家自然科学基金项目(20566003)； 广西民族大学重大项目(2008ZD012)； 广西科学研究与技术开发计划应用基础研究专项(桂科基0991005,桂科能0992028-13

用于生命之树重建的数据集

由中国科学院计算机网络信息中心、中国科学院植物研究所、深圳市中国科学院仙湖植物园"三方两地"共同合作研究建设的"达尔文树"——分子数据分析应用环境(DarwinTree——Molecular Data Analysis and Application Environment),从中国陆地植物发育系统框架的研究出发,逐步推动解决生命之树构建过程中存在的技术难题,探索利用基因和基因组信息构建生命之树的策略和方法,研究和开发DNA序列信息自动采集和生命之树自动生成技术(Automatic Reconstruction of The Tree of Life),建立生命之树信息平台及其利用体系,为最终在我国建立具有国际影响的,能很好地兼容物种分类、地理分布、形态性状、化石信息以及DNA信息的物种库(Species Bank)创造条件。DarwinTree旨在为科研人员提供数据和分析并举的工作平台,该平台将承担数据汇集和面向实际科研工作应用的双重作用。本文发布的数据集包括:(1)DarwinTree基础数据集:来自国际公共序列数据的标记处理得到的分子标记数据及其与任意阶元物种分类名称对应的统计数据集;(2)DarwinTree自测序数据集:面向中国陆地植物研究的补充测序序列数据;(3)DarwinTree中国维管植物进化数据集:已构建的中国维管植物属系统发育树的数据(Generic tree of Chinese vascular plants)

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel