The Effect of Species of Aerobic Microorganisms on Characteristic of Fiber Optic BOD Biosensors

采用同一制膜方法分别对异常汉逊酵母、枯草芽孢杆菌和恶臭假单胞菌进行等量包埋制备固定化微生物膜,并采用自制的光化学BOD微生物传感器试验了各种膜的响应时间、线性范围、重现性等方面的性能,从而选择性能最佳的耗氧微生物。同时也考察了温度、pH、盐度对不同微生物膜的影响。实验结果表明:以恶臭假单胞菌膜制备的传感膜性能最佳,测定BOD时间低于20 min,方法的重现性及精密度较好,其荧光强度变化速率最大值(dI/dt)的相对标准偏差为2.2%,在BOD值0~80 mg·L-1范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相比之下更适用于BOD的快速检测。After immobilizing three kinds of limnetic microorganisms on sol-gel ormosils, three BOD sensors that used these microbial sensing films were investigated. For the BOD sensing films immobilized Hansennula anomala, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas putida, the linear fluctuant coefficient (R^2) was in the range of 0-160 mg·L-1 and 0. 958 5 for Hansennula anomala, 0-160 mg·L-1 and 0. 956 0 for Bacillus subtilis , 0-80 mg·L-1 and 0. 990 6 for Pseudomonas putida, respectively. Reproducible responses could all be obtained below 3%. The effect of pH and sodium chloride concentration to the three microbial films were studied. After comparing these microbial films, sensing film with Pseudomonas putida is the best in respect of sensitivity, stability and reproducibility.国家863计划环境与资源领域资助项目(2001AA635100) 国家自然科学基金委员会与香港 研究资助局联合科研基金资助项目

GaAs/GaAlAs中红外量子阱探测器和双色量子阱红外探测器

报道GaAs/GaAlAs中红外(3～5μm)量子阱探测器和双色量子阱红外探测器的制备和性能。GaAs/GaAlAs中红外量子阱探测器是光伏型,探测峰值波长为5.3μm,85K下的500K黑体探测率为3.0×10~9cm·Hz~(1/2)/W,峰值探测率达到5×10~(11)cm·Hz~(1/2)/W,阻抗为50MΩ。GaAs/GaAlAs双色量子阱红外探测器是偏压控制型的两端器件,在零偏压下该探测器仅在3～5μm波段有响应,响应峰值波长为5.3μm,85K温度下550K黑体探测率为3.0×10~9cm·Hz~(1/2)/W,当偏压为2V时,该探测器的响应切换到8～12μm波段,峰值响应波长为9.0μm,85K温度下的黑体探测率为1.0×10~9cm·Hz~(1/2)/W

超声诱导发芽过程柚子籽油品质的变化规律Quality change of grapefruit seed oil during ultrasonic induced germination

为提高柚子籽油的营养成分含量，开发高品质的安全油脂，以梅州金柚柚子籽为研究对象，探究了超声诱导发芽过程中柚子籽油品质的变化规律。结果表明：随着超声诱导发芽时间的延长，柚子籽的得油率逐渐降低，9 d时柚子籽得油率为（52.18±0.01）%，比未发芽时降低了3.56百分点；发芽不改变柚子籽油脂肪酸组成，油酸含量小幅升高，亚油酸和亚麻酸含量小幅降低；发芽5 d时柚子籽油的酸值（KOH）为（1.19±0.04）mg/g，过氧化值为（1.98±0.02）mmol/kg，均符合植物油国家标准；脂溶性营养物质生育酚、角鲨烯含量先升高后下降，发芽5 d时生育酚含量为（265.29±0.05）μg/g，角鲨烯含量为（36.10±0.01）μg/g，均达到了峰值，与未发芽相比分别增长了3.74倍和7.60倍。因此，短时发芽可提高柚子籽油的营养价值。In order to improve the nutrient content of grapefruit seed oil and develop high-quality safe oil, Meizhou grapefruit seed was taken as the research object, and the change rule of grapefruit seed oil quality in the process of germination was studied. The results showed that the oil yield of grapefruit seed decreased gradually with the prolonging of germination time. After germination for 9 d, the oil yield of grapefruit seed was (52.18±001)%, which was 3.56 percentage points lower than that without germination. The fatty acid composition of grapefruit seed oil unchanged during germination, and the content of oleic acid increased slightly, while both the contents of linoleic acid and linolenic acid decreased slightly. The acid value and peroxide value of grapefruit seed oil after germination for 5 d were (1.19±004) mgKOH/g and (1.98±0.02) mmol/kg, which met the national standards of vegetable oil. The contents of fat-soluble nutrients tocopherol and squalene increased first and then decreased, and the contents of tocopherol and squalene after germination for 5 d were (265.29±0.05) μg/g and (36.10±0.01) μg/g, which reached the maximum value and increased by 3.74 times and 7.60 times compared with ungermination, respectively. Therefore, short-term germination can improve the nutritional value of grapefruit seed oil

不同灌溉方式对枣树间作长绒棉生育期和产量的影响/Impact of Different Irrigation Patterns on Growth and Yield of Cotton Intercropping with Jujube[J]

通过调查不同灌溉方式对枣树间作长绒棉的生育期和产量影响,结果表明:滴灌方式下,1～2年树龄枣树间作长绒棉的生育期比单作滴灌长绒棉延长4 d,子棉和皮棉单产分别降低17.0%和16.0%;3～4年树龄枣树间作长绒棉的生育期比单作滴灌长绒棉延长12 d,子棉和皮棉单产分别降低30.1%和30.4%.常规灌溉方式下,1～2年树龄枣树间作长绒棉的生育期比单作滴灌长绒棉延长1 d,子棉和皮棉单产分别降低24.1%和24.4%,3～4年树龄枣树间作长绒棉的生育期比单作滴灌长绒棉延长7 d,子棉和皮棉单产分别降低44.7%和45.5%

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials