EPON系统OAM的实现

基于以太网的无源光网络（EPON）作为一种新兴的接入技术,需要网络设计者提供电信级（Carrier-c lass）的管理能力,而单纯的简单网络管理协议（SNMP）已经不能胜任其运营管理维护（OAM）的要求,正是由于上述原因,IEEE802.3 ah工作组在新标准中专门规定了EPON系统的OAM协议。文章提出了基于802.3 ah OAM协议和SNMP的EPON系统管理机制,并描述了EPON系统OAM的功能、特点以及在L inux操作系统下的该网络管理机制的软件实现方案

EB病毒潜伏膜蛋白1介导c-Jun/Jun B异源二聚体对cyclin D1的调节

研究发现LMP1可介导c-Jun/JunB活性异源二聚体的形成,在此基础上,利用建立的Tet-on系统调控LMP1表达的细胞系,采用间接免疫荧光法联合激光共聚焦荧光显徽镜技术、Westernblot方法、荧光素酶活性检测、Super-EMSA方法和流式细胞术,探讨LMP1介导c-Jun/JunB异源二聚体对cyclinD1的调节功能.结果表明,LMP1介导的c-Jun/JunB异源二聚体可上调cyclinD1启动子活性及其表达,并影响细胞周期的行进.国家重点基础研究发展规划(973计划)(批准号:G1998051201) 国家自然科学基金(批准号:30300403,30100005,30000087) 国家杰出青年科学基金(批准号:39525022)资助项

钛宝石激光抽运的被动锁模Tm:YAG陶瓷激光实验研究 = Ti : sapphire pumped passively mode-locked Tm : YAG ceramic laser

本文采用连续钛宝石激光作抽运, 掺杂浓度为6 at.%、长度为2.7 mm的Tm:YAG陶瓷作增益介质, 通过引入半导体饱和吸收体获得了稳定的被动锁模运转. 实验中获得的激光锁模功率为 116.5 mW, 中心波长为2007 nm, 重复频率为109 MHz, 通过自行搭建的腔外非共线强度自相关测量得到的脉冲宽度是55 ps. A passively mode-locked Tm:YAG ceramic laser was demonstrated. Employing a 6 at.% Tm3+-doped sample with a length of 2.7 mm, we have realized stable mode-locked pulses with a repetition rate of 109 MHz by a semiconductor saturable absorber. A maximum output power of 116.5 mW was obtained at the central wavelength of 2007 nm. The corresponding pulse duration was determined to be 55 ps by a self-built noncollinear intensity auto-correlation setup. It is shown that Tm:YAG ceramics are excellent laser materials which can be used in ultrafast lasers with high-power and high-efficiency output.Published versio

新疆非常规水资源的生物防沙利用技术研究进展[C]

水是干旱和半干旱地区荒漠生态系统的核心要素,与系统大多数性质和过程都有直接或间接的关系,是土地沙漠化地区生态系统稳定的关键因子.常规水资源多用于工农业,生态建设用水比例极低,影响荒漠化防治的开展.如何开发利用非常规水资源进行生物防沙,是成功开展荒漠化防治的关键.新疆地处欧亚大陆腹地,高山与盆地相间分布,地形封闭,干旱少雨,沙漠戈壁广布,绿洲斑块状零星分布,沙漠面积达43.3×104km2,占新疆总面积的26％.由于人口快速增加,水土资源的不合理开发,土地沙漠化问题极为严重.新疆地域辽阔,不同区域蕴藏着不同类型的非常规水资源.经过近30年的非常规水资源生物开发利用研究,形成了系列的生物防沙技术体系：在北疆地区,有一定的冬春降水,形成了沙漠地区利用悬湿沙层水进行无灌溉造林技术,以及在河湖相粘土平原集水造林技术；在南疆盆地边缘地区,有一定量的夏季雨洪资源,形成了引洪灌溉恢复植被技术,在沙漠腹地有一定的地下咸水资源,形成了咸水滴灌造林技术.本文总结了新疆因地制宜利用非常规水资源进行生物防沙的各种技术,以期为世界广大水资源缺乏地区的荒漠化防治提供技术参考

青海湖湖东风成剖面化学元素特征及其环境指示意义/Geochemical Features and Palaeoenvironmental Indications of Aeolian Sediments on the East of Qinghai Lake[J]

通过对青海湖湖东沙地风成沉积剖面化学元素特征的分析,结合光释光测年结果,并和已有研究进行对比,探讨了青海湖区12.5 ka BP以来的气候环境变化过程,将其划分为5个阶段:12.5 ka BP前气候寒冷干燥,青海湖应处于冰川消退的寒冷期,风沙活动强烈；12.5～11.9 ka BP气候向暖湿转变,其中12.2～11.9 ka BP发生一次寒冷事件,对应于新仙女木事件；11.9～8.0 ka BP气候冷暖波动频繁,期间出现了3次寒冷事件；8.0～2.6 ka BP是一个持续时间较长的温暖湿润期；2.6 ka BP至今,气候以干冷为主,与现代气候相近

青海湖湖东风成剖面化学元素特征及其环境指示意义[C]

通过对青海湖湖东沙地风成沉积剖面化学元素特征的分析，结合光释光测年结果，并和已有研究进行对比，探讨了青海湖区12.5 ka BP以来的气候环境变化过程，将其划分为5个阶段：12.5 ka BP前气候寒冷干燥，青海湖应处于冰川消退的寒冷期，风沙活动强烈；12.5～11.9 ka BP气候向暖湿转变，其中12.2～11.9 ka BP发生一次寒冷事件，对应于新仙女木事件；11.9～8.O ka BP气候冷暖波动频繁，期间出现了3次寒冷事件；8.0～2.6 ka BP是一个持续时间较长的温暖湿润期；2.6 ka BP至今，气候以干冷为主，与现代气候相近

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地人工植被及土壤C N P的化学计量特征/The stoichiometric characteristics of C, N, P for artificial plants and soil in the hinterland of Taklimakan Desert[J]

生态化学计量学是研究生态过程和生态作用中化学元素平衡的科学.极端环境中进行植物叶片与土壤中营养元素含量及变化研究,对于揭示植物对营养元素的需要和当地土壤的养分供给能力,以及植物对环境的适应与反馈能力具有十分重要的意义.以塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中植物园生长良好的25种人工植被及其生境为研究对象,运用方差分析、相关分析综合研究植物叶片及土壤的化学计量特征及其相互关系.结果显示:塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地25种人工植被叶片C、N、P的平均含量分别为(386.7±46.6)、(24.7±8.1)和(1.8±0.78) mg/g;叶片C∶N、C∶P及N∶P分别为(17.5±6.7)、(249.2 ±102.8)、(15.0±5.6).其中豆科植物N含量极显著高于非豆科植物(P＜0.001).不同生活型植物的C、N、P含量均存在显著差异,C、N、P含量在3种生活型的大小顺序为草本＞灌木＞乔木.C∶N和N∶P在不同生活型植物间不存在显著差异(P＞0.05),而乔木和灌木的C∶P显著高于草本植物(P＜0.05).相关分析表明植物的叶片C∶N、C∶P都与相应的N、P含量呈现极显著负相关性(P＜0.001),而叶片N含量与P含量的变化并不相关(P＞0.05).土壤C、N、P养分元素含量远低于全国的平均水平,尤其是N含量(＜0.2 mg/g)；土壤C与N存在着极显著的正相关关系(P＜0.01),而C与P、N与P间的相关性并不显著(P＞0.05).以上研究结果表明,受极端环境的限制,塔克拉玛干沙漠人工植被植物对养分元素的利用效率显著低于全国陆地植物的平均水平,不同科和不同生活型功能群植物对环境的适应能力显著不同,表现出显著的养分适应策略差异性

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地人工植被及土壤C N P的化学计量特征[C]

生态化学计量学是研究生态过程和生态作用中化学元素平衡的科学.极端环境中进行植物叶片与土壤中营养元素含量及变化研究,对于揭示植物对营养元素的需要和当地土壤的养分供给能力,以及植物对环境的适应与反馈能力具有十分重要的意义.以塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中植物园生长良好的25种人工植被及其生境为研究对象,运用方差分析、相关分析综合研究植物叶片及土壤的化学计量特征及其相互关系.结果显示：塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地25种人工植被叶片C、N、P的平均含量分别为(386.7±46.6)、(24.7±8.1)和(1.8±0.78) mg/g；叶片C∶N、C∶P及N∶P分别为(17.5±6.7)、(249.2 ±102.8)、(15.0±5.6).其中豆科植物N含量极显著高于非豆科植物(P＜0.001).不同生活型植物的C、N、P含量均存在显著差异,C、N、P含量在3种生活型的大小顺序为草本＞灌木＞乔木.C∶N和N∶P在不同生活型植物间不存在显著差异(P＞0.05),而乔木和灌木的C∶P显著高于草本植物(P＜0.05).相关分析表明植物的叶片C∶N、C∶P都与相应的N、P含量呈现极显著负相关性(P＜0.001),而叶片N含量与P含量的变化并不相关(P＞0.05).土壤C、N、P养分元素含量远低于全国的平均水平,尤其是N含量(＜0.2 mg/g)；土壤C与N存在着极显著的正相关关系(P＜0.01),而C与P、N与P间的相关性并不显著(P＞0.05).以上研究结果表明,受极端环境的限制,塔克拉玛干沙漠人工植被植物对养分元素的利用效率显著低于全国陆地植物的平均水平,不同科和不同生活型功能群植物对环境的适应能力显著不同,表现出显著的养分适应策略差异性

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials