スイトウ ニヨル セヨウ ケイサン ノ キュウシュウ ト チッソ セヨウリョウ ノ カンケイ

To investigate the relationship between the recovery rate of applied silica of calcium silicate fertilizer (CS) by rice plant and application rates of nitrogen (N), a pot plant experiment was conducted under ditfer- ent CS and N application rates. Treatments were CS application as basal fertilizer (Si+)and no silica appli- cation (Si-) and the both treatments were grown with three nitrogen (N) application levels, i.e., low (Nl), middle (Nm), a nd high (Nh). Higher nitrogen application rates improved the plant dry weight significantly, re- gardless of Si-or Si+ treatment. In comparison with Nl values, the total dry weight in Si- and Si+ plants increased by 31 and 35% in Nh and 19 and 21% in Nm treatments. The ditference of silica content between Si+ plants and Si-plants was significant, but there was no significant ditference in silica content among ni- trogen treatments. The recovery rates of applied silica by rice plants in Nl, Nm, and Nh were 23.9, 32.4 and 30.6%, respectively, but there were no significant ditferences in recovery rates of silica among the ditferent nitrogen application rates Therefore, it seemed that the recovery rate of applied silica of CS was not atfected by nitrogen application rate and plant growth. Key words:　calcium silicate, silica uptake, N application, recovery rate, ric

A Two-institution study of risk factors for pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for transpapillar y biliar y stent placement in patients with malignant biliary obstruction

【目的】悪性胆道狭窄に対する内視鏡的胆管ステント留置におけるERCP後膵炎の危険因子を明らかにする．【対象と方法】対象は2005年4月から2011年8月の間に埼玉医科大学総合医療センター及び上尾中央総合病院にて悪性胆道狭窄に対しERCP下に内視鏡的胆管ステント留置した100例．Self expandable metallic stent（SEMS）を留置した67例をSEMS groupとしPlastic stent（PS）を留置した33例をPS groupとした．ERCP後膵炎に寄与する危険因子を検討した．【結果】全症例のERCP後膵炎の発症率は3.0％でありSEMS groupは7.1％，PS groupは2.3％であり両群に差を認めなかった．膵癌患者のステントの開存期間中央値はSEMS group（8 mm）は136日，SEMS group（10 mm）は140日，PS groupは79日であった．膵癌以外の患者のステントの開存期間中央値はSEMS group（8 mm）は126日，SEMS group（10 mm）は166日，PS groupは137日であった．ERCP後膵炎に寄与する因子として膵癌か否か，主膵管の閉塞の有無，ステント留置前のESTの有無，PSかMS，MSにおけるcoverかuncover，SEMSの径が8 mmか 10 mmの6因子にて多変量解析したところいずれも寄与しなかった．【結論】悪性胆道狭窄に対する内視鏡的胆管ステント留置においてステントの種類や径，ステント留置前のESTの有無はERCP後膵炎に寄与しない．【Objective】To evaluate the risk factors for pancreatitis following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for biliary stent placement in patients with malignant biliary obstruction (MBO).【Methods】This retrospective study included consecutive MBO patients who underwent ERCP-guided transpapillary biliary stent placement over a period of 5.5 years at two tertiary referral academic medical centers. Of 100 eligible patients identified, 67 received a WallflexTM self-expandable metallic stent (Boston Scientific Cooperation, Japan; SEMS group) and 33 received a FleximaTM plastic stent (Boston Scientific; PS group). The etiology of MBO was similar between the two groups, with pancreatic cancer accounting for 53% cases. The main outcome measurements were identifiable risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP).【Results】The overall PEP rate was 3.0%, with no significant difference between the SEMS and PS groups. Totally, 7.1% and 2.3% patients who did and did not undergo endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) before biliary stenting, respectively, developed PEP. The median duration of stent patency in the 8-mm SEMS, 10-mm SEMS, and PS groups was 136, 140, and 79 days, respectively, for patients with pancreatic cancer and in the 8-mm SEMS, 10-mm SEMS, and PS groups was 126, 166, and 137 days, respectively, for patients without pancreatic cancer. Multivariate analysis identified 6 factors that were not associated with PEP. PEP rates according to the presence or absence of EST before stent placement, stent type, stent size, and indications were not significantly different.【Conclusion】The characteristics of the biliary stent and the performance of EST before stent placement are not significant risk factors for PEP in patients with MBO who underwent transpapillary biliary stent placement