To investigate the relationship between the recovery rate of applied silica of calcium silicate fertilizer (CS) by rice plant and application rates of nitrogen (N), a pot plant experiment was conducted under ditfer- ent CS and N application rates. Treatments were CS application as basal fertilizer (Si+)and no silica appli- cation (Si-) and the both treatments were grown with three nitrogen (N) application levels, i.e., low (Nl),  middle (Nm), a nd high (Nh). Higher nitrogen application rates improved the plant dry weight significantly, re- gardless of Si-or Si+ treatment. In comparison with Nl values, the total dry weight in Si- and Si+ plants increased by 31 and 35% in Nh and 19 and 21% in Nm treatments. The ditference of silica content between Si+ plants and Si-plants was significant, but there was no significant ditference in silica content among ni- trogen treatments. The recovery rates of applied silica by rice plants in Nl, Nm, and Nh were 23.9, 32.4 and 30.6%, respectively, but there were no significant ditferences in recovery rates of silica among the ditferent nitrogen application rates Therefore, it seemed that the recovery rate of applied silica of CS was not atfected by nitrogen application rate and plant growth. Key words:　calcium silicate,  silica uptake, N application, recovery rate, ric

佐々木  由佳

安藤  豊

真壁  周平

角田  憲一

Yamagata University Academic Repository

山形大学紀要（農学）第15巻 第4号：309－314．平成21年2月  Bu11，Yamagata Univ．，Agr．Sci．，15（4）：309－314．Feb．2009  Uptake of applied silica by rice plantsin relation  tolevelof nitrogen application  ShuheiMAKABE＊，Ken－ichiKAKUDA＊＊，Yuka SASAKI＊＊＊and Ho ANDO＊＊   ＊United Graduate Schoolof AgriculturalSciences，Iwate University，Morioka O20－8550，Japan  ＊＊Section of AgriculturalEcology and Engineering，Department of Bioproduction，  Yamagata University，Tsuruoka997－8555，Japan  ＊＊＊University farm of Faculty of Agriculture，Yamagata University，Tsuruoka997－0369，Japan  （Received September18，2008）  Summary  Toinvestigate the relationship between the recovery rate of applied silica of calcium silicate fbrtilizer  （CS）byrice plant andapplicationrates ofnitrogen（N），apOt Plant experiment was conductedunder di鮎r－  ent CS and N application rates．Treatments were CS application as basalfbrtilizer（Si＋）and no silica appl卜  cation（Si－）and the both treatments were grown with three nitrogen（N）applicationlevels，i．e．，low（Nl），  middle（Nm），andhigh（Nh）．Highernitrogen applicationratesimprovedthe plant dryweight signi且cantly，re－  gardless ofSトor Si＋treatment．In comparison with NIvalues，the totaldry weightinS卜and Si＋plants  increased by31and35％in Nh and19and21％in Nm treatments．The di騰rence ofsilica content between  Si＋plants and Si－plants was significant，but there was no signi最cant di飴renceinsilica content among ni－  trogentreatments．Therecoveryrates ofappliedsilica byrice plantsinNl，Nm，andNhwere23．9，32A and  30．6％，reSpeCtively，but there were no significant di飴rencesin recovery rates ofsilica among the di飴rent  nitrogen applicationrates Therefore，it seemedthat the recoveryrate ofapplied silica ofCS was not affbcted  by nitrogen application rate and plant grOWth．  Key words：calcium silicate，Silica uptake，N application，r：eCOVery rate，rice  apply nitrogen fertilizer toincrease yields，and the  nitrogen application rate is closely related to the dry weight of the plant（Sumida1992）．Therefore，  silica fertilizer should be applied to compensate for  any silica shortage．However，nOinformationis  available on the relationship between the uptake of  applied silica and nitrogen application．  In this paper，Weinvestigated the relationship  between nitrogen application and uptake（recovery  rate）of applied silica from a calcium silicate  fertilizerin a pot plant experiment．  Introduction  Applying silica to rice plants，a igh silica－  accumulating plant，increases the yield and quality  Of the rice byimproving・pl t g・rowth（Ma and  Takahashi2002），and resist， nCe Or tOlerance to  biotic and abiotic stress（Ma 2004）．Silicain rice  Plantsis derived from paddy soils，i rigat，ion  water，and applied fertilizer．Silica fertilizeris  required t，O get the benefitsif the silica concentra－  tion ofthe shootisless thanllO g kg．1at harveSt  （Imaizumiand Yoshida1958），   Because the amount of silica in the plant derived from soilreaches a ceiling，Silica concentration of  rice plant decreases with increasing dry weight of therice plant（Sumida1992）．InJapan，rice farmers  Materia［s and Methods  Paddy soilwas collected from the plowedlayer  （0－15 cm）of rice fieldsin 2006 at the University  キーワード：ケイ酸石灰，ケイ酸吸収，窒素施用，利用率，水稲  309   山形大学紀要（農学）第15号 第4号  116  pot，S aS basalfert，ilizer．The pots were then  submerged and puddled by hand．0ne day after  puddling・，One hill（five seedlings）of rice seedlings  （Oryza sativa L．cv．Haenuki，threeleaf age）were  transplanted to the pots．The pots were kept，  submerged with tap water throughout the  experiments．Sixty mg of potassium（as K20）and  the three N application rates（Nl，Nm，andNh）were  applied to pots as topdressing 34 days after  t，ranSplanting（DAT）．   Aboveground parts of the rice plants were  collected on DATlO2（mature stage）and separated  intoleaf，Stem，and panicle．After drying at800c  for2days，dry weights of the plants were meas－  ured．Allsamples were then milled，and silicain  the samples extracted usingl．5 M hydrofluoric  acid－0，6 M hydrochloric acid，and the silica  concentration in the extracts was measured by colorimetric methods（Sai七o et al．2005）．The  amount of silicain the rice plant，derived from  applied silica was estimated by subtracting the no  silica treatment and recovery rate of applied silica  to the amount of O．5 M hydrochloric acid－SOluble  silica applied to the soil．  To evaluat，e effects of t，reatment On dry weight  and the amount of silicain rice plants andits  interaction，tWO－Way ANOVA was carried out．  Tukey－Kramerls multiple comparison was conducted  to determine sig・nificant differences amongnitrogen  treatment，S uSing Statce12（Yanai2004）．  Farm， Faculty of Agriculture， Y magata  University（Takasaka）．The soilwas drie in a  greenhouse and sieved（10－mm meSh size）．Physico－  Chemicalproperties of the Takasaka soilare  providedin Tablel．InJapan，Calcium silica es（CS）  made from slag have been applied to paddy fields  as a silica source．Therefor ，CS wa  used as a  silica supplementin this experiment．The silica  COnten七 of CS was 30％ when evalua ed by O．5  M HClextraction．The following experime ts had five replicat，eS，  Tablel．Physico－ChemicalpropertiesofTakas ka   soil．  Soil type Soiltextul、e  lpH（H20）  TotalCa沌on（gkg－1）  2cEC（cmol（＋）kg－1）  Aquent  ClayLoam  5．1  15．4   28．6  3Availablesilica（mgkg．1）  204．4  4csDA   avalue（mgL’1）  15．9   bvalue（mgL－1）  5．O   Easilysolublesilica（mgkg●1） 72．9  1Measuredinl：2．5s。il：water  2cEC：Cationexchangeablecapacity（Wadaand  Harada1969）  3Extractedbyphosphatebufbr（pH6．2，0．04M）  metbod（Ⅹato1998）  4csDA：Characteristics。fsilic。ndiss。Iuti。nand  adsorption（Sumida1991）   Three kg（as air dry soil）of the Takasaka soil  were putintol／5000a Wagner pots．Treatments  were silica application as a basalfertilizer（Si＋）or  nosilicaapplication（Si－）．Thesilicaapplicationrate  in the Si＋treatment was9．O g CS（2．7g of O．5M  HCIsoluble silica）per pot．Both treatments were  grown with three nitrogen（N）applicationlevels，  given as basaland topdressed ammonium sulfate，  i．e．，low（Nl，O and30mg pot▼1），middle（Nm，60  and 90mg pot¶1），and high（Nh，90and189mg  pot－1）．CS，N，180mg phosphate（as P205），and180  mg potassium（as K20）wereinitially applied to the  Results  Higher nitrogen application ratesimproved the  plant dry weight significantly，regardless of S卜or  Si＋treatment（Table2）．Tot，alplant dry weight of  Si－and Si＋wer 51．1and53．4g pot－1in Nl，60．7  and64．8g pot‾1in Nm，and67．2and72．3g potJl  in Nh，reSPeCtively．In comparison with NIvalues，  increased percentage of the totaldry weightin  Si－and Si＋plants were19and21％in Nm and31  and35％inNh treatments．CS applicationimproved   310  Effect of N on Sirecovery rate by riceLMAKABE・KAKUDA・SASAKI・ANDO  117   Table2．Effectsofnitrogenand／orcalsiumsilicateapplicationondry  Weightofriceplants．   Dry weight Shoot  Panicle  Total  Silica  N  application application  ???????a30．6土0．82  37．6 土 0．80  44．4 士 0．41  31．8 土 0．49  38．5 土1．31  43．5 土 0．76  20．5 土  23．1 土  22．8 土  21．6 土  26．3 土  28．8 土  ???????????? ?? ???????? ?????0．92  1．52  1．52  1．66  1．46  2．13   N  ☆柚  ☆☆   Si  ns  ☆☆  N xSi ns  ns  aMean±standarderrorof且vereplication．  ☆柚p＜0．01，柚p＜0．001，nSp≧0．05．  Table3．E蝕ctsofnitrogenand／orcalsiumsilicateapplicationonsilicaconcentrationand  absorptionofriceplants．   Silicaconcentra七ion  Silica content Silica  N  application application  Shoot  Panicle  Shoot，  Panicle Total silica （gkg●1）  （gpot‾1）  0．63 土 0．25  Nl a47．4土0．78 30．9  Nm   37．9 土 0．66 26．1  Nh   34．4 土0．25 23．2  N1  58．0 土0．86 41．O  Nm   51．8 土0．64 34．4  Nh   47．2 土0．81 28．8  ??????????????????? 」」??????????????????????????????????0．04  0．05  0．02  0．08  0．07  0．04   ????????????????????? ???????? ?????????N  ☆☆☆   Si  ☆☆☆  N xSi ns  aMean±standarderroroffivereplication．  ☆柚p＜0．01，柚p＜0．001，nSp≧0．05．  the totaland panicle dry weight significantly，  while the shoot dry weight was not affected by CS application（Table2）．Theincreased percentages of  the totaldry weight by CS applicationwere5％，7％  and8％inNl，7％in Nmand8％inNh，reSPeCtively．  Compare to si－treatmentS，panicle dry weightin  Si＋t，reatmentSincreased5％in Nl，14％in Nm，and  27％in Nh．The shoot dry weight was not affected  by CS application．   Silica concentration in shoot and panicle  decreased with increasing of N application rate reg・ardless of CS application（Table3）．  The amount of silicain Sトrice plants was2．02－  2．09g pot‾1andin Si＋plants that was2．73－2．90g  pot－1（Table 3）．The differencein the amount of  Silicain rice plant between si十and S卜plantS WaS  Slg・nificant．Increasing with nitrogen application  rate，the shoot sil ca co tents wereincreased and  panicle s lica contents were decreased．There was  no significant difference in total silica content among nitrogen treatments．   Therecoveryrates ofapplied silicabyrice plants  in Nl，Nm，a d Nh were 23．9，32A and 30．6％，  respectively，but，there were no significant   3‖  山形大学紀要（農学）第15号 第4号  118  of rice plant．Sumida（1992）reported that the main  limiting factor for silica upt，ake by rice plants  under abundant nitrogen cultivation is the silica supply from the paddy field at the later growth stages，andthe amount of silica available from CS  fertilizeris affected by pH（Kato and Owa1996）．  Rhizosphere soilpHislower than non－rhizosphere  soilpH（Kimura et al．1977）．Dry weight of roots  and shoo七sisincreased by nitrogen application  （Tanaka et al．1993）．These data suggest that  nitrogen application accelerates silica dissolution  from CS fertilizer by improving growth of rice roots．However，different amounts of ammonium  sulfate applied as basal and topdressing fertilizer changed the dry weight，Of the rice plants but did  not change the uptake of applied silica at the  maturing stage（Tableland Figurel）．Therefore，  it，is suggested that changes of physiologicaland  morphologicalfactors，SuCh as the silica absorption  ability of rice plantsand rhziosphere pH，in rela－  tion to nitrogen application wereinsufficient，tO  affect the uptake of applied silica from CSin this  experiment．   According to data from Yamagata Prefecture  （2007），the recommended totalbasaland topdressed  nit，rOgen apPlication rate for Haenukiis70－80kg  ha．1．Mean rice g・rain yield of municipalitiesin  Yamagata Prefecture were5．4－6，5t ha－1and the  difference of the grain yield between maximum and minimum value was about 20％（Tohoku Regional  AgriculturalAdministration Office2007）．The total  amount of nitrogen applied in the Nh treatment corresponds to135 kg ha‾1in field conditions．  Comparing the Si＋Nltreatment，Wit，h the Si＋Nh  treatment，the maximumincreasein rice to七aldry  weight was 35％ withincreased N application．  Therefore，itseems tha七theuptakeofappliedsilica  from CS was not affected by nitrogen application  rate in conventional rice fields in Yamagata Prefecture．   differencesin recovery rates of silica among 七he  different nitrogen application ra七es（Fi urel）．  ???????????????????????????（??????????NI  Nm  Nb  Figurel．E鮎ctsofnitrogenapplicationl velon  recoveryrateofappliedsilicabyriceplants．  ☆Barsinthe且gureindicatestandarderror．  Discussion  Okuda and Takahashi（1961）reported tha  effect  of silica on panicle dry weight of rice waslarg・er  than that ofshoot．It，WaS rePOrted thatincrease of  grain yield by CS application under high nitrog   condition waslarger than that of und rlow  nitrogen application condition（Ma and Takahashi  2002）．Theincreased percent， ge Of panicle d y  weight by CS application was the highest in Nh t，reat，ment Which had thelowest silica concent，ration  among Sトtreatments（Table 2，3）．Therefore our  result also suggested that silica application needs  toincrease silica concentrationin rice plan七and to  improve yield of rice．   Silica upt，ake by rice plan s at earlier growth  stagesisinhibited by ammonium throug・h a decline  in t，he absorption ability of rice roots，and Si  upt，ake increases under no added ammonium  conditions（Takahashiand Nish 1982）．Ro t dry  weight of rice increases with nitrogen application （Kawada et al．1977）．Those reports sugges七 that  nit，rOgen application affects silicaabsorption ability  312  Effect of N on Sirecovery rat，e by riceMMAKABE・KAKUDA・SASAXI・ANDO  119   and adsorptionin paddy soils．Application to soil   test for available silica．1bid，62，378－385．（in   Japanese wi七h English summary）  SumidaH1992：Siliconsupplyingcapacit，y Ofpaddy   SOils and characteristics of silicon11ptake by rice   plantsincoolregionsinJapan．BulL7bhokuAgric．   Exp．Stn．85，1－46．（inJapanese withEng・1ish sum－   mary）  Takahashi E and Nishi T 1982： Effect of   NutritionalConditions on the Silicon Uptake by   Rice PlantS：Comparative Studies on t，he Silica   NutritioninPlants（Part21），］如．JSoilSci．Plant   NiItr．，53，395－401．（inJapanese）．  TanakaS，YamauchiA，and Kono Y1993：Cultivar   Differencein the Response of Root System to   Nitrogen Applicationin Rice PlantJ如．J   滋ブリ62，447－455．  Tohoku Regional Agricult，ural Administration   Office 2007：Statistics of Agriculture，Forestry   and Fisheries，Yamagata Prefecture．  ht，tP：／／www．tohoku．maff．go．jp  Wada X and Harada Y1969：Effects of salt concen－   tration and cation species on the measured   Ca七ion－eXChange capaci七y of soils and clays．In   Proc．In七ern．Clay Conf．Tokyo，1，561－571．  Yamag・ata Prefecture2007：htt，p：／／agrin．jp／page／920  YanaiH 2004：Statcel－The usefulladdin forms on   Excel－2nd ed．OMS publisher．   References   ImaizumiK，Yoshida S1958：Edapholog calstudie    On Silicon－SupPlying power of paddy soils．Bull．   Ndtl．Lnst．Agric．Sci．B8：261－304．（inJapanesewith   English summary）  Ⅹato N1998：Evaluation of silicon availability n   paddy soils by an extraction using a phosphate   buffer solution．In Summaries of t e16th World  Congress of SoilScience，Montpellier，France，  p．266．  Kato N and Owa N1996：Dissolution of slagin   water and calcium chloride solution：Effects of   SOlution pH and calcium concentration on   SOlubility ofslags．ノ如．J助≠J助ブ．タ仏〃J肋れ67，   626－632．（inJapanese with English summary）  Kawada S，Maruyama S and Soejima M1977：Root   Formationin Rice Plant and Levels of Nitrogen   Supply．］如．JαqpSci．，46，193T198．（inJapanese   With English summary）  Kimura M，Wada H and TakaiY1977：Studies on  the rhizosphere of paddy rice（Partl）：Physic l   andchemicalfeaturesofrhizosphere（Ⅰ）］如．JSoil   Sci．PlantNi［tr．，48，85－90．（inJapanese）  MaJF and TakahashiE2002：Soil，fert，ilizer， nd   plant silicon researchinJapan．EIsevie ．   MaJF 2004：Role of siliconin enhancing the   resistance of plants to biotic and abiotic stres es． ぷカJぷd．PJα〝J肋れ50，1ト18．  Okuda A and TakahashiE1961：Studies on the   PhysiologicalRole of Siliconin CropPlants（Part   2）：Effect of Silicon Supplying Period on the   Growth of Rice Plant andIts Nutrients Uptake，  J（p．J∫0プア 鮎f．Pね〃′ 肋れ 32，481－488．（in   Japanese）  Saito K，Yamamoto A，Sa T and Saigusa M2005：   Rapid，micro－methods t，O eStimate plant silicon   COntent by dilute hydrofluoric acid extraction   and spectrometric molybdenum methodユSilicon  in rice plantsand molybdenum yellow method．   肋吼51，29－36．  Sumida H1991：Characteristics of silica dissolut，ion  313  山形大学紀要（農学）第15号 第4号  120  水稲による施用ケイ酸の吸収と窒素施用量の関係  真壁周平＊・角田憲一＊＊・ 佐々木由佳＊＊＊・安藤豊＊＊  ＊岩手大学大学院連合農学研究科・＊＊山形大学農学部生物生産学科生産生態制御学講座・  ＊＊＊山形大学農学部附属やまがたフィールド科学センター  （平成20年9月18日受理）  摘  施用ケイ酸の吸収に対する水稲生育量の影響を明  らかにするために，施用ケイ酸の利用率と窒素施用  量の関係をポット試験で検討した．処理区はケイ酸  石灰施用区（Si＋）とケイ酸石灰無施用区（Si－）に窒素施  用量3水準（低窒素区（Nl），棟準窒素区（Nm），高窒素  （Nh））を組み合わせた計6処理区とした．ケイ酸施用  の有無に関わらず，成熟期における水稲の地上部乾  物貢は窒素施用によって有意に増加し，Nlに対する  要   増加割合はNmで19～21％，Nhで31～35％であった．  成熟期の水稲地上部ケイ駿含有量はSi－よりSi＋で有  意に大きかったが，同一のケイ酸処理区では窒素施  用量に関わらず一定であった．施用ケイ酸の利用率  は23．9～34．6％であり，窒素施用処理区間に有意な  差は認められなかった．以上のことから，施用ケイ  酸の吸収量は水稲生育量に影響されないことが示唆  された．  キーワード：ケイ懐石灰，ケイ酸吸収，窒素施用，  利用率，水稲  314   

スイトウ ニヨル セヨウ ケイサン ノ キュウシュウ ト チッソ セヨウリョウ ノ カンケイ

山形大学紀要（農学）第15巻 第4号：309－314．平成21年2月  
Bu11，Yamagata Univ．，Agr．Sci．，15（4）：309－314．Feb．2009  
Uptake of applied silica by rice plantsin relation  
tolevelof nitrogen application  
ShuheiMAKABE＊，Ken－ichiKAKUDA＊＊，Yuka SASAKI＊＊＊and Ho ANDO＊＊   
＊United Graduate Schoolof AgriculturalSciences，Iwate University，Morioka O20－8550，Japan  
＊＊Section of AgriculturalEcology and Engineering，Department of Bioproduction，  
Yamagata University，Tsuruoka997－8555，Japan  
＊＊＊University farm of Faculty of Agriculture，Yamagata University，Tsuruoka997－0369，Japan  
（Received September18，2008）  
Summary  
Toinvestigate the relationship between the recovery rate of applied silica of calcium silicate fbrtilizer  
（CS）byrice plant andapplicationrates ofnitrogen（N），apOt Plant experiment was conductedunder di鮎r－  
ent CS and N application rates．Treatments were CS application as basalfbrtilizer（Si＋）and no silica appl卜  
cation（Si－）and the both treatments were grown with three nitrogen（N）applicationlevels，i．e．，low（Nl），  
middle（Nm），andhigh（Nh）．Highernitrogen applicationratesimprovedthe plant dryweight signi且cantly，re－  
gardless ofSトor Si＋treatment．In comparison with NIvalues，the totaldry weightinS卜and Si＋plants  
increased by31and35％in Nh and19and21％in Nm treatments．The di騰rence ofsilica content between  
Si＋plants and Si－plants was significant，but there was no signi最cant di飴renceinsilica content among ni－  
trogentreatments．Therecoveryrates ofappliedsilica byrice plantsinNl，Nm，andNhwere23．9，32A and  
30．6％，reSpeCtively，but there were no significant di飴rencesin recovery rates ofsilica among the di飴rent  
nitrogen applicationrates Therefore，it seemedthat the recoveryrate ofapplied silica ofCS was not affbcted  
by nitrogen application rate and plant grOWth．  
Key words：calcium silicate，Silica uptake，N application，r：eCOVery rate，rice  
apply nitrogen fertilizer toincrease yields，and the  
nitrogen application rate is closely related to the 
dry weight of the plant（Sumida1992）．Therefore，  
silica fertilizer should be applied to compensate for  
any silica shortage．However，nOinformationis  
available on the relationship between the uptake of  
applied silica and nitrogen application．  
In this paper，Weinvestigated the relationship  
between nitrogen application and uptake（recovery  
rate）of applied silica from a calcium silicate  
fertilizerin a pot plant experiment．  
Introduction  
Applying silica to rice plants，a high silica－  
accumulating plant，increases the yield and quality  
Of the rice byimproving・plant g・rowth（Ma and  
Takahashi2002），and resist，anCe Or tOlerance to  
biotic and abiotic stress（Ma 2004）．Silicain rice  
Plantsis derived from paddy soils，irrigat，ion  
water，and applied fertilizer．Silica fertilizeris  
required t，O get the benefitsif the silica concentra－  
tion ofthe shootisless thanllO g kg．1at harveSt  
（Imaizumiand Yoshida1958），   
Because the amount of silica in the plant derived 
from soilreaches a ceiling，Silica concentration of  
rice plant decreases with increasing dry weight of 
therice plant（Sumida1992）．InJapan，rice farmers  
Materia［s and Methods  
Paddy soilwas collected from the plowedlayer  
（0－15 cm）of rice fieldsin 2006 at the University  
キーワード：ケイ酸石灰，ケイ酸吸収，窒素施用，利用率，水稲  
309   
山形大学紀要（農学）第15号 第4号  116  
pot，S aS basalfert，ilizer．The pots were then  
submerged and puddled by hand．0ne day after  
puddling・，One hill（five seedlings）of rice seedlings  
（Oryza sativa L．cv．Haenuki，threeleaf age）were  
transplanted to the pots．The pots were kept，  
submerged with tap water throughout the  
experiments．Sixty mg of potassium（as K20）and  
the three N application rates（Nl，Nm，andNh）were  
applied to pots as topdressing 34 days after  
t，ranSplanting（DAT）．   
Aboveground parts of the rice plants were  
collected on DATlO2（mature stage）and separated  
intoleaf，Stem，and panicle．After drying at800c  
for2days，dry weights of the plants were meas－  
ured．Allsamples were then milled，and silicain  
the samples extracted usingl．5 M hydrofluoric  
acid－0，6 M hydrochloric acid，and the silica  
concentration in the extracts was measured by 
colorimetric methods（Sai七o et al．2005）．The  
amount of silicain the rice plant，derived from  
applied silica was estimated by subtracting the no  
silica treatment and recovery rate of applied silica  
to the amount of O．5 M hydrochloric acid－SOluble  
silica applied to the soil．  
To evaluat，e effects of t，reatment On dry weight  
and the amount of silicain rice plants andits  
interaction，tWO－Way ANOVA was carried out．  
Tukey－Kramerls multiple comparison was conducted  
to determine sig・nificant differences amongnitrogen  
treatment，S uSing Statce12（Yanai2004）．  
Farm， Faculty of Agriculture， Yamagata  
University（Takasaka）．The soilwas driedin a  
greenhouse and sieved（10－mm meSh size）．Physico－  
Chemicalproperties of the Takasaka soilare  
providedin Tablel．InJapan，Calcium silicates（CS）  
made from slag have been applied to paddy fields  
as a silica source．Therefore，CS was used as a  
silica supplementin this experiment．The silica  
COnten七 of CS was 30％ when evaluated by O．5  
M HClextraction．The following experiments had  
five replicat，eS，  
Tablel．Physico－ChemicalpropertiesofTakasaka   
soil．  
Soil type 
Soiltextul、e  
lpH（H20）  
TotalCa沌on（gkg－1）  
2cEC（cmol（＋）kg－1）  
Aquent  
ClayLoam  
5．1  
15．4   
28．6  
3Availablesilica（mgkg．1）  204．4  
4csDA   
avalue（mgL’1）  15．9   
bvalue（mgL－1）  5．O   
Easilysolublesilica（mgkg●1） 72．9  
1Measuredinl：2．5s。il：water  
2cEC：Cationexchangeablecapacity（Wadaand  
Harada1969）  
3Extractedbyphosphatebufbr（pH6．2，0．04M）  
metbod（Ⅹato1998）  
4csDA：Characteristics。fsilic。ndiss。Iuti。nand  
adsorption（Sumida1991）   
Three kg（as air dry soil）of the Takasaka soil  
were putintol／5000a Wagner pots．Treatments  
were silica application as a basalfertilizer（Si＋）or  
nosilicaapplication（Si－）．Thesilicaapplicationrate  
in the Si＋treatment was9．O g CS（2．7g of O．5M  
HCIsoluble silica）per pot．Both treatments were  
grown with three nitrogen（N）applicationlevels，  
given as basaland topdressed ammonium sulfate，  
i．e．，low（Nl，O and30mg pot▼1），middle（Nm，60  
and 90mg pot¶1），and high（Nh，90and189mg  
pot－1）．CS，N，180mg phosphate（as P205），and180  
mg potassium（as K20）wereinitially applied to the  
Results  
Higher nitrogen application ratesimproved the  
plant dry weight significantly，regardless of S卜or  
Si＋treatment（Table2）．Tot，alplant dry weight of  
Si－and Si＋were51．1and53．4g pot－1in Nl，60．7  
and64．8g pot‾1in Nm，and67．2and72．3g potJl  
in Nh，reSPeCtively．In comparison with NIvalues，  
increased percentage of the totaldry weightin  
Si－and Si＋plants were19and21％in Nm and31  
and35％inNh treatments．CS applicationimproved   
310  
Effect of N on Sirecovery rate by riceLMAKABE・KAKUDA・SASAKI・ANDO  
117   
Table2．Effectsofnitrogenand／orcalsiumsilicateapplicationondry  
Weightofriceplants．   
Dry weight 
Shoot  Panicle  Total  
Silica  N  
application application  
N
I
N
m
仙
N
l
仙
恥
 
 
a30．6土0．82  
37．6 土 0．80  
44．4 士 0．41  
31．8 土 0．49  
38．5 土1．31  
43．5 土 0．76  
20．5 土  
23．1 土  
22．8 土  
21．6 土  
26．3 土  
28．8 土  
土
 
土
 
土
 
士
 
土
 
士
 
 
 
1
 
7
 
2
 
4
 
8
 
3
 
1
 
0
 
7
 
3
 
4
 
2
 
 
5
 
6
 
6
 
5
 
6
 
7
 
 
1
 
4
 
9
 
6
 
2
 
7
 
 
3
 
3
 
3
 
2
 
6
 
5
 
0
 
1
 
1
 
1
 
0
 
1
 
 
0．92  
1．52  
1．52  
1．66  
1．46  
2．13   
N  ☆柚  ☆☆   
Si  ns  ☆☆  
N xSi ns  ns  
aMean±standarderrorof且vereplication．  
☆柚p＜0．01，柚p＜0．001，nSp≧0．05．  
Table3．E蝕ctsofnitrogenand／orcalsiumsilicateapplicationonsilicaconcentrationand  
absorptionofriceplants．   
Silicaconcentra七ion  Silica content 
Silica  N  
application application  
Shoot  Panicle  Shoot，  Panicle Total silica 
（gkg●1）  （gpot‾1）  
0．63 土 0．25  Nl a47．4土0．78 30．9  
Nm   37．9 土 0．66 26．1  
Nh   34．4 土0．25 23．2  
N1  58．0 土0．86 41．O  
Nm   51．8 土0．64 34．4  
Nh   47．2 土0．81 28．8  
6
 
4
 
2
 
5
 
8
 
4
 
 
0
 
0
 
0
 
0
 
0
 
0
 
 
0
 
0
 
0
 
0
 
0
 
0
 
 
土
 
土
・
士
 
」
」
 
＋
 
土
 
 
 
5
 
2
 
∩
∂
 
5
 
9
 
5
 
 
4
 
4
 
5
 
8
 
9
 
0
 
 
1
 
1
 
1
 
1
 
1
 
2
 
 
3
 
9
 
9
 
7
 
3
 
5
 
 
8
 
2
 
5
 
0
 
9
 
4
 
 
1
 
1
 
1
 
1
 
0
 
1
 
 
土
 
土
・
±
・
エ
⊥
」
＋
 
0．04  
0．05  
0．02  
0．08  
0．07  
0．04   
土
 
土
 
土
 
士
 
土
 
土
 
 
 
9
 
2
 
5
 
3
 
0
 
8
 
 
0
 
0
 
0
 
7
 
9
 
8
 
2
 
2
 
2
 
2
 
2
 
2
 
 
O
 
1
 
4
 
3
 
5
 
 
3
 
3
 
0
 
0
 
0
 
0
 
0
 
0
 
0
 
0
 
 
 
土
 
土
 
土
 
土
 
土
 
 
 
0
 
2
 
8
 
1
 
3
 
 
6
 
5
 
8
 
9
 
8
 
 
0
 
0
 
0
 
0
 
0
 
 
N  ☆☆☆   
Si  ☆☆☆  
N xSi ns  
aMean±standarderroroffivereplication．  
☆柚p＜0．01，柚p＜0．001，nSp≧0．05．  
the totaland panicle dry weight significantly，  
while the shoot dry weight was not affected by CS 
application（Table2）．Theincreased percentages of  
the totaldry weight by CS applicationwere5％，7％  
and8％inNl，7％in Nmand8％inNh，reSPeCtively．  
Compare to si－treatmentS，panicle dry weightin  
Si＋t，reatmentSincreased5％in Nl，14％in Nm，and  
27％in Nh．The shoot dry weight was not affected  
by CS application．   
Silica concentration in shoot and panicle  
decreased with increasing of N application rate 
reg・ardless of CS application（Table3）．  
The amount of silicain Sトrice plants was2．02－  
2．09g pot‾1andin Si＋plants that was2．73－2．90g  
pot－1（Table 3）．The differencein the amount of  
Silicain rice plant between si十and S卜plantS WaS  
Slg・nificant．Increasing with nitrogen application  
rate，the shoot silica contents wereincreased and  
panicle silica contents were decreased．There was  
no significant difference in total silica content 
among nitrogen treatments．   
Therecoveryrates ofapplied silicabyrice plants  
in Nl，Nm，and Nh were 23．9，32A and 30．6％，  
respectively，but，there were no significant   
3‖  
山形大学紀要（農学）第15号 第4号  118  
of rice plant．Sumida（1992）reported that the main  
limiting factor for silica upt，ake by rice plants  
under abundant nitrogen cultivation is the silica 
supply from the paddy field at the later growth 
stages，andthe amount of silica available from CS  
fertilizeris affected by pH（Kato and Owa1996）．  
Rhizosphere soilpHislower than non－rhizosphere  
soilpH（Kimura et al．1977）．Dry weight of roots  
and shoo七sisincreased by nitrogen application  
（Tanaka et al．1993）．These data suggest that  
nitrogen application accelerates silica dissolution  
from CS fertilizer by improving growth of rice 
roots．However，different amounts of ammonium  
sulfate applied as basal and topdressing fertilizer 
changed the dry weight，Of the rice plants but did  
not change the uptake of applied silica at the  
maturing stage（Tableland Figurel）．Therefore，  
it，is suggested that changes of physiologicaland  
morphologicalfactors，SuCh as the silica absorption  
ability of rice plantsand rhziosphere pH，in rela－  
tion to nitrogen application wereinsufficient，tO  
affect the uptake of applied silica from CSin this  
experiment．   
According to data from Yamagata Prefecture  
（2007），the recommended totalbasaland topdressed  
nit，rOgen apPlication rate for Haenukiis70－80kg  
ha．1．Mean rice g・rain yield of municipalitiesin  
Yamagata Prefecture were5．4－6，5t ha－1and the  
difference of the grain yield between maximum and 
minimum value was about 20％（Tohoku Regional  
AgriculturalAdministration Office2007）．The total  
amount of nitrogen applied in the Nh treatment 
corresponds to135 kg ha‾1in field conditions．  
Comparing the Si＋Nltreatment，Wit，h the Si＋Nh  
treatment，the maximumincreasein rice to七aldry  
weight was 35％ withincreased N application．  
Therefore，itseems tha七theuptakeofappliedsilica  
from CS was not affected by nitrogen application  
rate in conventional rice fields in Yamagata 
Prefecture．   
differencesin recovery rates of silica among 七he  
different nitrogen application ra七es（Figurel）．  
0
 
 
5
 
 
0
 
 
5
 
 
0
 
 
5
 
 
0
 
 
5
 
 
0
 
 
4
 
 
3
 
 
3
 
 
∩
∠
 
 
り
】
 
 
l
 
l
 
 
（
芭
む
葛
h
わ
芯
A
O
U
む
再
 
 
NI  Nm  Nb  
Figurel．E鮎ctsofnitrogenapplicationlevelon  
recoveryrateofappliedsilicabyriceplants．  
☆Barsinthe且gureindicatestandarderror．  
Discussion  
Okuda and Takahashi（1961）reported that effect  
of silica on panicle dry weight of rice waslarg・er  
than that ofshoot．It，WaS rePOrted thatincrease of  
grain yield by CS application under high nitrogen  
condition waslarger than that of underlow  
nitrogen application condition（Ma and Takahashi  
2002）．Theincreased percent，age Of panicle dry  
weight by CS application was the highest in Nh 
t，reat，ment Which had thelowest silica concent，ration  
among Sトtreatments（Table 2，3）．Therefore our  
result also suggested that silica application needs  
toincrease silica concentrationin rice plan七and to  
improve yield of rice．   
Silica upt，ake by rice plants at earlier growth  
stagesisinhibited by ammonium throug・h a decline  
in t，he absorption ability of rice roots，and Si  
upt，ake increases under no added ammonium  
conditions（Takahashiand Nishi1982）．Root dry  
weight of rice increases with nitrogen application 
（Kawada et al．1977）．Those reports sugges七 that  
nit，rOgen application affects silicaabsorption ability  
312  
Effect of N on Sirecovery rat，e by riceMMAKABE・KAKUDA・SASAXI・ANDO  
119   
and adsorptionin paddy soils．Application to soil   
test for available silica．1bid，62，378－385．（in   
Japanese wi七h English summary）  
SumidaH1992：Siliconsupplyingcapacit，y Ofpaddy   
SOils and characteristics of silicon11ptake by rice   
plantsincoolregionsinJapan．BulL7bhokuAgric．   
Exp．Stn．85，1－46．（inJapanese withEng・1ish sum－   
mary）  
Takahashi E and Nishi T 1982： Effect of   
NutritionalConditions on the Silicon Uptake by   
Rice PlantS：Comparative Studies on t，he Silica   
NutritioninPlants（Part21），］如．JSoilSci．Plant   
NiItr．，53，395－401．（inJapanese）．  
TanakaS，YamauchiA，and Kono Y1993：Cultivar   
Differencein the Response of Root System to   
Nitrogen Applicationin Rice PlantJ如．J   
滋ブリ62，447－455．  
Tohoku Regional Agricult，ural Administration   
Office 2007：Statistics of Agriculture，Forestry   
and Fisheries，Yamagata Prefecture．  
ht，tP：／／www．tohoku．maff．go．jp  
Wada X and Harada Y1969：Effects of salt concen－   
tration and cation species on the measured   
Ca七ion－eXChange capaci七y of soils and clays．In   
Proc．In七ern．Clay Conf．Tokyo，1，561－571．  
Yamag・ata Prefecture2007：htt，p：／／agrin．jp／page／920  
YanaiH 2004：Statcel－The usefulladdin forms on   
Excel－2nd ed．OMS publisher．   
References   
ImaizumiK，Yoshida S1958：Edaphologicalstudies   
On Silicon－SupPlying power of paddy soils．Bull．   
Ndtl．Lnst．Agric．Sci．B8：261－304．（inJapanesewith   
English summary）  
Ⅹato N1998：Evaluation of silicon availabilityin   
paddy soils by an extraction using a phosphate   
buffer solution．In Summaries of the16th World   
Congress of SoilScience，Montpellier，France，   
p．266．  
Kato N and Owa N1996：Dissolution of slagin   
water and calcium chloride solution：Effects of   
SOlution pH and calcium concentration on   
SOlubility ofslags．ノ如．J助≠J助ブ．タ仏〃J肋れ67，   
626－632．（inJapanese with English summary）  
Kawada S，Maruyama S and Soejima M1977：Root   
Formationin Rice Plant and Levels of Nitrogen   
Supply．］如．JαqpSci．，46，193T198．（inJapanese   
With English summary）  
Kimura M，Wada H and TakaiY1977：Studies on   
the rhizosphere of paddy rice（Partl）：Physical   
andchemicalfeaturesofrhizosphere（Ⅰ）］如．JSoil   
Sci．PlantNi［tr．，48，85－90．（inJapanese）  
MaJF and TakahashiE2002：Soil，fert，ilizer，and   
plant silicon researchinJapan．EIsevier．   
MaJF 2004：Role of siliconin enhancing the   
resistance of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses．   
ぷカJぷd．PJα〝J肋れ50，1ト18．  
Okuda A and TakahashiE1961：Studies on the   
PhysiologicalRole of Siliconin CropPlants（Part   
2）：Effect of Silicon Supplying Period on the   
Growth of Rice Plant andIts Nutrients Uptake，  
J（p．J∫0プア 鮎f．Pね〃′ 肋れ 32，481－488．（in   
Japanese）  
Saito K，Yamamoto A，Sa T and Saigusa M2005：   
Rapid，micro－methods t，O eStimate plant silicon   
COntent by dilute hydrofluoric acid extraction   
and spectrometric molybdenum methodユSilicon  
in rice plantsand molybdenum yellow method．   
肋吼51，29－36．  
Sumida H1991：Characteristics of silica dissolut，ion  
313  
山形大学紀要（農学）第15号 第4号  120  
水稲による施用ケイ酸の吸収と窒素施用量の関係  
真壁周平＊・角田憲一＊＊・ 佐々木由佳＊＊＊・安藤豊＊＊  
＊岩手大学大学院連合農学研究科・＊＊山形大学農学部生物生産学科生産生態制御学講座・  
＊＊＊山形大学農学部附属やまがたフィールド科学センター  
（平成20年9月18日受理）  
摘  
施用ケイ酸の吸収に対する水稲生育量の影響を明  
らかにするために，施用ケイ酸の利用率と窒素施用  
量の関係をポット試験で検討した．処理区はケイ酸  
石灰施用区（Si＋）とケイ酸石灰無施用区（Si－）に窒素施  
用量3水準（低窒素区（Nl），棟準窒素区（Nm），高窒素  
（Nh））を組み合わせた計6処理区とした．ケイ酸施用  
の有無に関わらず，成熟期における水稲の地上部乾  
物貢は窒素施用によって有意に増加し，Nlに対する  
要   
増加割合はNmで19～21％，Nhで31～35％であった．  
成熟期の水稲地上部ケイ駿含有量はSi－よりSi＋で有  
意に大きかったが，同一のケイ酸処理区では窒素施  
用量に関わらず一定であった．施用ケイ酸の利用率  
は23．9～34．6％であり，窒素施用処理区間に有意な  
差は認められなかった．以上のことから，施用ケイ  
酸の吸収量は水稲生育量に影響されないことが示唆  
された．  
キーワード：ケイ懐石灰，ケイ酸吸収，窒素施用，  
利用率，水稲  
314   


https://yamagata.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_action_common_download&item_id=2032&item_no=1&attribute_id=17&file_no=1

スイトウニヨルセヨウケイサンノキュウシュウトチッソセヨウリョウノカンケイ

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Yamagata University Academic Repository

Yamagata University Academic Repository

スイトウ ニヨル セヨウ ケイサン ノ キュウシュウ ト チッソ セヨウリョウ ノ カンケイ

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Yamagata University Academic Repository

Yamagata University Academic Repository

スイトウニヨルセヨウケイサンノキュウシュウトチッソセヨウリョウノカンケイ