「新浪微博」の登場はどのように中国の社会問題を可視化させているか

This article examines the mechanisms by which China\u27s microblogging site Sina Weibo has accelerated the visualization of social issues. Though the Internet in China is subject to heavy government censorship, Chinese users continue to post their opinions, photos, and other content online, particularly on popular sites such as Sina Weibo. To better understand the way the site has affected social issues in China, we gathered Sina Weibo case materials from November 2011 to August 2012, and analyzed user comments, mass media coverage, and local government reactions.This research revealed three mechanisms by which Sina Weibo has facilitated the visualization of social issues. First, the site helped visualize users\u27 emotions. Offline, emotions such as anger, jealousy, prejudice, and dissatisfaction are often invisible; however, once someone posted an opinion about a popular topic, other users immediately expressed these otherwise invisible emotions. Second, the site changed the mode of communication between local government and its citizens. Before microblogging, Chinese local governments and mass media usually engaged in one-way communication with the public. After its appearance, local governments and mass media were unable to ignore people\u27s opinions; in fact, in some cases we reviewed, local governments actually held press conferences to reply to citizens\u27 comments. Third, the site immediately made local issues national. Microblogging sites such as Sina Weibo have taken local issues (which, before the digital era, were only discussed locally) and made them the topic of nationwide discussion

广东省高等院校名牌专业评价方案的设计原则与思路

专业是高校实现其职能的基本单位。名牌专业评价对专业的改革、建设与发展,以及教育教学质量的提高具有重要意义。通过对名牌专业评价的目标与作用的分析,探讨构建专业评价指标体系的原则、标准、思路和应注意的问题,以期为名牌专业的评价提供指导。“广东省新世纪高等教育教学改革工程”项目“广东省普通高等学校名牌专业评价的研究与实践”(粤教高[2001]106号)的研究成果之

アクセイ シンケイ コウシュ カンジャ ノ テモゾロミド リョウホウ ニ オケル リンパキュウ ゲンショウ

[Background] Temozolomide(TMZ) is a standard chemotherapeutic agent for patients with high-grade gliomas.Although lymphocytopenia is known as one of the adverse events in TMZ treatment, only few studies reported its timingand clinical course during initial concomitant and maintenance regimens. [Materials and Methods] Between January 2010and August 2013, we experienced 82 patients with gradeⅢ to Ⅳ (in WHO classification) glioma treated at ShizuokaCancer Center, and all of the consecutive patients’ clinical data were analyzed retrospectively focusing on lymphocytpenia.Fifty-seven patients out of 82 completed concomitant treatment with the combination of TMZ (75mg/m2) and radiotherapy,54 to 60Gy for six weeks. Twenty-two patients completed adjuvant TMZ over six cycles, taking TMZ at 150 to 200mg/m2daily for five days per 28 days at a cycle. GradeⅡ to Ⅳ (in CTCAE ver.4) lymphocytopenia and neutorocytepenia weredefined as adverse reactions. [Results] Lymphocytopenia was observed in 45 patients (78.9%) during concomitant and nine(40.9%) during maintainance treatments. Neutrocytopenia appeared in 11 patients (19.3%) during concomitant, and one(1.8%) during maintainance treatments. [Conclusions] In this research, we observed lymphocytopenia more frequently thanneutrocytopenia, especially during initial daily treatment of TMZ concomitant with radiotherapy. Although TMZ is one ofthe widely used and effective chemotherapeutic drugs for high-grade gliomas, continuous TMZ therapy results in robustdepletion of lymphocytes that may lead to opportunistic infections. TMZ should be taken carefully, with regular monitoringof blood cell count and hemogram, under adequate amount and doze schedules

Study on the prothymosin α as vaccine adjuvant of P.yoelii

目的:研究胸腺素α原(PrOTHyMOSInα,PrOTα)作为约氏疟原虫疫苗免疫佐剂的作用。方法:提取P.yOElII-17Xnl全蛋白作为抗原,用胸腺素α原作为免疫佐剂,免疫小鼠。具体方案为:昆明小鼠分为4组,每组6只,A组免疫P.yOElII-17Xnl全蛋白+PrOTα;b组免疫P.yOElII-17Xnl全蛋白;C组只注射PrOTα;d组为空白对照,以相同体积的生理盐水代替。免疫结束后感染致死的P.yOElII-17Xl,1x107个虫/只小鼠。结果:感染后的前10天A组小鼠疟原虫血症平均值要低于其他三组,且最终有3只小鼠存活下来,存活率50%,C组有一只小鼠存活,b、d组小鼠全部死亡。结论:用P.yOElII-17Xnl全蛋白做抗原,用PrOTα作为佐剂,比单独用P.yOElII-17Xnl全蛋白对小鼠有更好的免疫保护作用,提示了PrOTα可以成为一种有潜力的蛋白疫苗。Objective:To investigate the function of prothymosin α(ProTα) as vaccine adjuvant of P.yoelii.Methods:The mice were immunized with the total protein extracted from P.yoelii-17XNL as antigen,together with prothymosin α as adjuvant.Programs:Kunming mice were divided into A,B,C and D group.A group was immunized with P.yoelii-17XNL total protein and ProTα;B group was immunized with P.yoelii-17XNL;C group was only injected with ProTα;D group was the control,only injected with physiological saline.And then,the mice of each group was infected with P.yoelii-17XL,the dosage was 1×107/mice.Results:The parasitemia of A group-mice was lower than the other three groups in the first 10 days after infection,and eventually there were three mice survived in A group,the survival rate was 50%,one mouse survived in C group,all of mice in B group and D group died.Conclusion:Mice immunized with P.yoelii-17XNL total protein as antigen together with ProTα as adjuvants,had better immune protection than those immunized with P.yoelii-17XNL protein only.The present results suggest that the ProTα can act as a potential adjuvant in protein vaccine.厦门市科技项目(3502Z20083004);国家“973”项目(2007CB513103)资

Identification of antibodies with non-overlapping neutralization sites that target coxsackievirus A16

手足口病（Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease，HFMD）是一种由人肠道病毒引起的全球性传染病，主要发生于5岁以下的婴幼儿。2月5日，我校夏宁邵教授团队在《细胞》子刊《细胞•宿主与微生物》（Cell Host & Microbe）上在线发表题为“Identification of antibodies with non-overlapping neutralization sites that target coxsackievirus A16”的研究论文。该研究首次揭示了手足口病主要病原体柯萨奇病毒A组16型（CVA16）三种衣壳颗粒形式与三种不同类型的治疗性中和抗体的全面相互作用细节和非重叠的中和表位结构信息，阐明了CVA16成熟颗粒是疫苗候选主要保护性免疫原的理论基础，建立了可指导疫苗研制的免疫原特异检测方法，为CVA16疫苗及抗病毒药物研究提供关键基础。我校夏宁邵教授、李少伟教授、程通副教授和美国加州大学洛杉矶分校纳米系统研究所Z. Hong Zhou（周正洪）教授为该论文的共同通讯作者。我校博士生何茂洲、徐龙发博士后、郑清炳高级工程师、博士生朱瑞和尹志超为该论文共同第一作者。【Abstract】Hand, foot, and mouth disease is a common childhood illness primarily caused by coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), for which there are no current vaccines or treatments. We identify three CVA16-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nAbs) with therapeutic potential: 18A7, 14B10, and NA9D7. We present atomic structures of these nAbs bound to all three viral particle forms—the mature virion, A-particle, and empty particle—and show that each Fab can simultaneously occupy the mature virion. Additionally, 14B10 or NA9D7 provide 100% protection against lethal CVA16 infection in a neonatal mouse model. 18A7 binds to a non-conserved epitope present in all three particles, whereas 14B10 and NA9D7 recognize broad protective epitopes but only bind the mature virion. NA9D7 targets an immunodominant site, which may overlap the receptor-binding site. These findings indicate that CVA16 vaccines should be based on mature virions and that these antibodies could be used to discriminate optimal virion-based immunogens.This work was supported by grants from the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 81991490 ), the National Science and Technology Major Projects for Major New Drugs Innovation and Development ( 2018ZX09711003-005-003 ), the National Science and Technology Major Project of Infectious Diseases ( 2017ZX10304402-002-003 ), the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 31670933 and 81801646 ), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation ( 2018M640599 and 2019T120557 ), the Principal Foundation of Xiamen University ( 20720190117 ), and the National Institutes of Health ( R37-GM33050 , GM071940 , DE025567 , and AI094386 ). 该研究获得了国家自然科学基金、新药创制国家科技重大专项、传染病防治国家科技重大专项和美国国立卫生研究院基金的资助

虚拟过程工程数据管理系统的设计与实现

为实现对工业装置内流体流动与传递过程的三维实时高精度模拟,中国科学院过程工程研究所提出了虚拟过程工程(VPE)的构想。为存储和管理在VPE实验过程中产生的海量实时实验数据和模拟数据,本文对VPE的数据管理系统进行了需求分析和功能设计,所实现的数据管理系统包含海量数据存储、底层通信协议、数据实时交互与数据管理工具等部分。该系统目前运行良好,为VPE 1.0提供了可靠的功能支撑

Research on Key Technologies of Operating System Mandatory Access Control

强制访问控制能有效地防止用户有意或无意地破坏系统的安全，能够有效地防止病毒和木马以用户的身份破坏系统的安全，是高安全需求操作系统的主要防护手段。业界对操作系统强制访问控制研究起步很早。然而，面对日新月异的应用场景，面对计算机系统及操作系统自身相关技术的迅猛发展，已有的针对操作系统强制访问控制的研究工作不足以兼顾安全性、可用性和灵活性。以上不足集中体现在：1) 当前广泛使用的强制访问控制机制从设计上难以同时满足实用系统对安全性和可用性的要求；2) 强制访问控制的设计缺乏对操作系统所处分布式、网络化环境的考虑；3) 操作系统强制访问控制研发保障技术需要进一步研究。 针对这些问题，本论文从强制访问控制的设计和保障出发，对操作系统强制访问控制关键技术展开研究，并取得了以下几个方面的成果： 第一：强制访问控制格策略模型机制简洁，安全性易验证，在安全操作系统和安全增强操作系统上应用广泛。然而严格地实施格策略会带来可用性的问题。本文针对机密性和完整性强制访问控制格策略模型，分别给出了可监控客体框架和Clark-Wilson可信主体特权状态跃迁监控框架。这些框架具有细的刻画粒度，好的扩展性和简洁性，我们对这些框架给出了数学描述，并对带Clark-Wilson可信主体特权状态跃迁监控框架的完整性格模型给出了理论证明； 第二：针对分布式应用环境，提出了基于可信计算技术和域型实施（Domain and Type Enforcement: DTE）策略的操作系统分布式强制访问控制方案。我们从理论上证明了策略的安全性。相比国内外同类工作，该方案具有细的访问控制粒度，在系统验证的简洁性和部署的灵活性方面是最好的； 第三：实施强制访问控制的中高等级安全操作系统的安全性需要利用形式化方法的严密性进行保证。本文按照TCSEC B2级别的要求，利用Z/EVES形式化工具对SECIMOS安全操作系统进行了形式化保障：给出了安全模型的形式化规范，给出了安全不变量和安全定理，证明了安全定理，描述了形式化安全模型与顶层设计的一致性； 第四：操作系统强制访问控制框架是强制访问控制机制在操作系统上实现的基础。本文提出了针对操作系统强制访问控制框架的自动测试用例生成方案。该方案利用编译器辅助审计代码插入，约束求解器辅助置乱参数生成，测试用例精简等技术为FreeBSD MAC框架生成了一套有效的回归测试用例套件。同时也为基于FreeBSD MAC框架的NFSARK系列安全操作系统提供了坚实的实施基础。 本文的研究成果向圆满解决当前国内操作系统强制访问控制的设计、实施和保障中遇到的问题的目标迈出了坚实的一步

Design and implementation of data management system for Virtual Process Engineering

为实现对工业装置内流动与传递过程的三维实时高精度模拟、模拟与实际系统的实时数据交互、工业装置运行的在线优化、事故预警与分析和操作人员培训，中国科学院过程工程研究所多相复杂系统国家重点实验室提出了虚拟过程工程（Virtual Process Engineering, VPE）的构想。VPE在实验过程中将产生海量的实时数据，需要设计数据管理系统完成各类数据的存储和管理。 本论文根据VPE的需求，设计和实现了VPE系统的数据管理系统，完成的工作包括： （1） 针对VPE实验过程中所产生的实时实验数据、海量的模拟中间结果数据和海量的视频数据各自的特点，详细分析了对存储、管理和交互的需求，分析了VPE各子系统间数据交互的方式，以及对系统管理、实验管理等方面的需求，提出了VPE数据管理系统的功能要求； （2） 根据上述需求分析，对VPE数据管理系统进行了设计和实现。使用关系型数据库管理系统MySQL对VPE的各类元数据和实时采集的实验数据进行存储和管理，使用MySQL结合Lustre文件系统的方式对海量模拟数据和视频数据进行存储和管理，为上述数据分别设计了数据库表；根据VPE子系统间数据交互的需求分别从底层通信机制和通信指令方面设计了VPE协议，使用所设计的VPE协议实现了VPE数据管理系统同监控子系统和总控子系统间跨平台的异构、非结构化数据的交互。 （3） 为方便地进行VPE的系统管理和实验管理，使用Qt集成开发环境开发了简单易用的数据管理工具。使用该工具，用户可方便地进行VPE数据库中各类元数据的管理、实验的管理、实验用户的管理和实验数据的查询。 本论文完成的VPE数据管理系统实现了VPE中各类实时海量数据的存储与管理和数据交互，该系统投入使用后已稳定运行半年的时间，为整个VPE提供了很好的功能支撑