Enrichment of Heavy Metals by Casuarina equisetifolia of Different Stand Ages

为认识木麻黄(Casuarina equisetifolia)防护林带重金属消减效应,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定了福建省平潭国有防护林场林龄分别为5,15,20,30年的木麻黄小枝、细根、凋落物及林地土壤中5种重金属(Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb)的含量.结果表明:平潭木麻黄林地土壤重金属Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd含量均低于福建省土壤和福建海岸带土壤的重金属含量背景值,未发现重金属污染;木麻黄Cr、Cd和Zn的平均含量高出普通植物的正常值范围,木麻黄中重金属含量依Zn>Cr>Pb>Cu>Cd顺序降低;木麻黄细根中的重金属含量最高,且细根对重金属的富集系数也最高;木麻黄对Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd的富集系数均大于1;木麻黄细根中Zn、Cu元素含量显著正相关;小枝对Cr、Cd和Pb,细根对Zn的富集系数均与林龄极显著正相关;木麻黄现存生物量中,Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb的现存储量分别为3.06~3.46 kg/hm2,1.14~1.57kg/hm2,11.67~12.57 kg/hm2,0.05~0.09 kg/hm2和0.45~1.84 kg/hm2,且主要存在于根和树干中;随着林龄的增加,木麻黄积累大量的重金属,并达到其峰值.综上所述,木麻黄防护林在防风固沙的同时,能够吸收富集大量的重金属,对海岸带的重金属污染具有明显的消减作用.Casuarina equisetifolia is the key species in the seashore shelter belt in Fujian Province.It is necessary to assess enrichment of heavy metals by C. equisetifolia.Concentrations of heavy metals,including Cr,Cu,Zn,Cd and Pb,in branchlet,fine root,litter and soil of C.equisetifolia in 4 ages( 5,15,20,30 a) were determined.There was no heavy metal pollution in the shelter belt soil. The results showed that the content of the heavy metals in C. equisetifolia could be ranked from high to low as Zn>Cr>Pb>Cu>Cd.The heavy metal content of the fine root was significantly higher than the other parts,and the concentration coefficient of the fine root was also the highest in C. equisetifolia.There was a significant positive correlation between the content of Zn and Cu in the fine root. The concentration coefficients of Cr,Cd,Pb in branchlet,and the concentration coefficient of Zn in the fine root were significantly correlated with stand age.Existing reserves of Cr,Cu,Zn,Cd and Pb were 3. 06-3. 46 kg / hm2,1. 14-1. 57 kg/hm2,11. 67-12. 57 kg/hm2,0. 05-0. 09 kg/hm2,0. 45-1. 84 kg/hm2. Heavy metals mainly existed in the root and trunk.C. equisetifolia had the capability of accumulating heavy metals during growth,and the potential to reduce heavy metal pollution.国家自然科学基金(41176090);; 国家科技支撑计划(2009BADB2B0302

Absorption and enrichment of heavy metals by Casuarina equisetifolia of different stand ages in a coastal zone

为研究不同林龄木麻黄对重金属的吸收与富集作用,用ICP-MS测定了福建东山县国有防护林场10、16、20、30年生木麻黄小枝、细根、凋落物及林地土壤中的5种重金属(Cr、Cu、zn、Cd和Pb)含量。结果表明,木麻黄对不同重金属的吸收能力不同,从高到低为zn>Cr>Pb>Cu>Cd;木麻黄细根中Cr和Cu、Pb,fE和Cu,zn和Cd具有明显的协同作用;各林龄木麻黄对重金属均具有一定的耐性,对Cu、zn、Cd、Pb有很好的富集作用;20年生木麻黄的重金属年积累量最高;说明木麻黄对重金属的净化作用具有极大的潜力,20年生木麻黄作用最为明显。To assess the absorption and enrichment of heavy metals by Casuarina equisetifolia,the concentrations of heavy metals including Cr,Cu,Zn,Cd and Pb in branchlet,fine root,litter and soil of C.equisetifolia forests at four ages( 10,16,20,30) were determined.The results showed that the enrichment degree of the heavy metals in C.equisetifolia ranked as Zn > Cr> Pb > Cu > Cd.Correlation analysis showed that Cr and Cu,Pb,Fe and Cu,Zn and Cd had significant synergies in the fine roots of C.equisetifolia.C.equisetifolia had a higher capability of absorbing and accumulating heavy metals.Annual accumulation of heavy metals was highest in20 years old C.equisetifolia.Our results indicate that C.equisetifolia has a great potential for reducing the pollution of heavy metals,especially for the 20 years old forest.国家自然科学基金项目(41176090); 国家科技支撑项目(2009BADB2B0302)资

基于降维动态观测器的一类多项式系统的非线性H_∞控制

针对一类存在外部扰动的多项式系统,研究了基于动态观测器的非线性H_∞控制设计问题.根据该类系统的结构特征,对线性时不变系统中动态观测器形式进行推广,构造出相应的非线性降维动态观测器.借鉴变量替换法研究思路,采用Lyapunov稳定性结合多项式平方和(SOS)凸优化理论,推导出该非线性H_∞控制问题的可解性条件和控制器构造方法.以质量弹簧阻尼系统为数值仿真实例,验证了所得结论的可行性和有效性.国家自然科学基金(61374037,61673325);;福建省自然科学基金(2015J01650,2016J01267);;福建省教育厅中青年教师教育科研项目(JAT170426);;厦门理工学院高层次人才项目(YKJ16024R

The Study on Decoction of Kangxin Capsule and Its Minor Components are Influenced on Peripheral Blood CD_3、CD_4、CD_8 and CD_4/CD_8 of the Kidney Weakness with Blood Obstruction Style Vascular Dementia Rat Model

目的 　观察康欣胶囊及其拆方对 ( VD)模型 (肾虚血瘀型 )大鼠外周血 CD3、CD4、CD8的影响。 方法 　采用电灼烧封闭双侧椎动脉和摘除单侧性器官法制作 ( VD)模型 (肾虚血瘀型 )大鼠 ,用康欣胶囊全方及其拆方和西药喜得镇给药 1个月 ,电镜、光镜观察各组大鼠海马、下丘脑、枕部皮质神经细胞情况 ,流式细胞仪检测大鼠外周血 CD3、CD4、CD8。 结果 　康欣胶囊全方组海马、下丘脑、枕部皮质神经细胞的内织网、线粒体水肿固缩及细胞核固缩情况明显轻于模型空白对照组 ;外周血 CD4/ CD8比例指标明显高子空白模型组、健脾组、西药组 ( P<0 .0 1) ,养血活血组 CD4/ CD8比例指标高于空白模型组、健脾组 ( P<0 .0 5 )。结论 　康欣胶囊全方及其拆方养血活血方可提高 ( VD)模型 (肾虚血瘀型 )大鼠外周血 CD4/ CD8比例水平即提高免疫力 ,并延缓减轻缺血性神经细胞凋亡。OBJECTIVE To observe decoction of KANGXIN capsule and its minor components are influenced peripheral blood CD3、CD4、CD8 of the kidney weakness with blood obstruction style vascular dementia rat model.METHOD Use electric iron to burn and block the both side vertebral arteries and amputate one side genital organ(testis or ovary) of rat, made the kidney weakness with blood obstruction style of VD rat model.KANGXIN capsule complete components and its minor components: and Dinydroergotaxine had been given for l month,at the same time to establish the control model group (hadn't given any medication),complete components, kidney tonic, pancreas tonic, blood tonic with promoting blood circulation, and western medicine Dihydroergotaxine group. Use electronic microscopy and light microscopy to observe nerve cells in hippocampus, hypothalamus, occipital lobe cortex of each group, and use cell cytometry to analysis the peripheral blood CD3,CD4,CD8 of model rat.RESULTS Under electronic microscopy;the mitochondrion, rough endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear of nerve cells of hippocampus,hypothalamus,occipital lobe cortex of complete components group of KANGXIN capsule are slighter swelling and reduce (other groups had improved with difference scale), those are compared with control model group. Peripheral blood CD4/CD8 rate of Complete component group are higher than control model, pancreas tonic, and Dihydroergotaxine group,(P<0.01),CD4/CD8 rate of blood tonic with promoting blood circulation group are higher than control moodel and pancreas tonic group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION KANGXIN capsule and blood tonic with promoting blood circulation group are able to enhance immunity(lift up the CD4/CD8 rate) of the kidney weakness with blood obstruction style VD rat, and to slow down apoptosis of nerve cells which is caused by vertebrobasilar insufficiency.福建省卫生厅重大中医药项目 ( 2 0 0 2 -10 3

多壁碳纳米管及其对H_2吸附体系的Raman光谱

利用原位和非原位紫外 Raman谱法 ,对以 CH4 为碳源 ,由催化法制备的多壁碳纳米管( MWCNTs) ,K+-修饰的该类 MWCNTs,以及它们对 H2 的吸附体系进行了 Raman谱表征 ,观测到可分别归属于类石墨结构的基频模 D和 G以及它们的三阶组合频 ,表面 C-H3基和 C-H2 基等的特征Raman峰 ;H2 在这类碳纳米管上的吸附态包括解离吸附生成表面 C-H3和非解离吸附分子氢 H2 ( a) ;在相同实验条件下 ,K+-修饰体系上这两类氢吸附物种的表面浓度都比未经 K+-修饰的相应体系高

Study of solderable lead free tin-bismuth alloy electrodeposition

提出了一种酸性锡铋合金电沉积工艺。研究了镀液中硫酸铋含量和电流密度对镀层铋含量、电流效率及镀层表面形貌的影响。另外 ,通过循环伏安曲线的测量研究了锡铋合金的电沉积过程 ,结果表明 ,镀层铋含量随硫酸铋含量的增大而增大 ,铋在 - 0 3V时开始析出 ,当电位达到 - 0 6V时 ,锡和铋共同沉积。A process for acid lead free tin-bismuth alloy electrodeposition was advanced. The effect of bismuth sulfate content in plating bath and current density on current efficiency, bismuth content and morphology of obtained tin-bismuth alloy was studied. In addition, electrochemical behavior of tin-bismuth alloy deposition was studied by cyclic voltammetry. The results show that bismuth content in the obtained alloy deposit increases with the increase of bismuth sulfate in plating bath, bismuth starts to deposit at -03 volt, and codeposits with tin when potential moves negatively to -06 volt.福建省自然科学基金资助项目 (E 0 0 5 0 0 0 4

氢气在碳纳米管基材料上的吸附-脱附特性

利用高压容积法测定多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)及钾盐修饰的相应体系(K+-MWCNTs)的储氢容量,并用程序升温脱附(TPD)方法表征研究氢气在MWCNTs基材料上的吸附-脱附特性.结果表明,在经纯化MWC-NTs上,室温、9.0MPa实验条件下氢的储量可达1.51%(质量分数);K+盐对MWCNTs的修饰对增加其储氢容量并无促进效应,但相应化学吸附氢物种的脱附温度有所升高;K+的修饰也改变了MWCNTs表面原有的疏水性质.在低于723K的温度下,H2/MWCNTs体系的脱附产物几乎全为氢气;773K以上高温脱附产物不仅含H2,也含有CH4、C2H4、C2H2等C1/C2烃混合物;H2/K+-MWCNTs储氢试样的脱附产物除占主体量的H2及少量C1/C2烃混合物外,还含水汽,其量与吸附质H2源水汽含量密切相关.H2在碳纳米管基材料上吸附兼具非解离(即分子态)和解离(即原子态)两种形式

碳纳米管及其H_2吸附体系的Raman光谱

利用紫外Raman光谱技术 ,对分别以CO和CH4为碳源、由化学催化法制备的两种多壁碳纳米管以及它们的H2 吸附体系进行Raman光谱表征 ,观测到可分别归属于类石墨结构的基频模G (1 5 80cm- 1 )和D (1 41 6cm- 1 ,缺陷诱导 ) ,以及它们的二阶和三阶组合频 2D(2 83 2cm- 1 ) ,D +G (2 996cm- 1 ) ,2G (3 1 6 0cm- 1 )和 2D +G (441 2cm- 1 )的Raman峰 ;H2在这些多壁碳纳米管上吸附有两种形式 :非解离吸附分子氢H2 (a)和解离吸附生成含氢表面物种CHX(x =3 ,2 ,1 ) ,所观测在 2 85 0 ,2 96 7和 3 95 0cm- 1 处的Raman谱峰可分别归属于表面CH2 基的对称C -H伸缩模 ,CH3基的不对称C -H伸缩模 ,以及吸附态分子氢H2 (a)的H -H伸缩

暴露测年样品中26Al和10Be分离及其加速器质谱测定

在已有实验流程基础上,建立并优化了石英样品中Be和Al提取、纯化等实验流程,设计的流程条件实验包括实验试剂、器皿和离子交换柱选择、离子交换树脂分离Be和Al时酸浓度选择等。结果表明,选择钢铁研究总院研制的~9Be标准溶液作为~(10)Be样品制备的载体;使用一次性实验器皿;选用4 cm规格的离子交换柱;用0.05 mol/L草酸和0.75 mol/L盐酸混合溶液洗脱吸附于阴离子树脂上的Al,可有效提取、纯化样品中的Be和Al。加速器质谱(AMS)测量结果显示,13组化学空白的~(10)Be/~9Be和~(26)Al/~(27)Al比值平均值分别为7.48×10~(-15)和1.96×10~(-15),与国内已有宇宙成因核素实验室的结果(5×10~(-15)~8×10~(-15))具有可比性。电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)的测量结果表明,Be、Al回收率分别达90%和60%。基于新建立的实验流程分析了祁连山北侧金佛寺的一个岩石样品,获得了~(10)Be和~(26)Al的暴露年代分别为(10.7±1.0)ka和(10.0±1.2)ka,与前人研究结果一致