期货交易与生产资料市场

要增进生产资料市场功能,形成全国统一的生产资料市场,可参考期货市场模式,建立起一批集中、公开交易的批发市场,并实行委托代理制、公开成交制。…

论我国发展循环经济的几个问题

发展循环经济,实现可持续发展是我国经济发展面临的重大问题。发展循环经济是今后我国实施可持续发展战略的最现实选择

对构建我国国资产权监督体系的思考

我国目前实行的“三级监管和双层经营”的国有资产管理体系有一定机制上的缺陷性。由于国有资产委托人具有“不完全性”、多层代理关系的存在及“市场激励空缺”的制约,我国的国资经营出现低效运行和一定程度上代理风险的存在。因此,加强国资监管成为必要。文章从国有资产产权监督的视角提出了自己的看法

贸易壁垒之争：从国际劳工标准到SA8000企业社会责任标准

一、问题的提出劳工标准与国际贸易的关系问题一直是南北之争的焦点。将二者相联系主要有两方式：一是自上而下通过国际组织和主权国家予以强制执行,即将劳工标准纳入WTO多边贸易体制,形成一种非关税贸易壁垒；二是自下而上通过劳工组织、消费者、非政府组织等民间力量,比如通过SA8000标准与跨国公司的订单挂钩,形成一种事实上的“贸易壁垒”。第一种方式发达国家和发展中国家还处在激烈的博弈之中,悬而未果。而第二种方式即SA8000标准的实施正在对国际贸易产生越来越大的影响。我国正面临着国际劳工标准和SA8000标准两种考验

当代资本主义条件下绝对地租来源和变化原因初探

早在一百多年前马克思就预见到当农业资本有机构成赶上 和超过社会资本平均构成以后，绝对地租将来源于农产品的垄断 价格。由于当时时代的局限性和理论上批判李嘉图地租论的任务， 马克思对绝对地租来源变化问题没有展开充分的阐述。但是，当 代资本主义农业现代化为发展，资本有机构成的提高，这个问题 又现实地摆在我们的面前。 马克思地租的许多论述，为我们研究这个问题提供了宝贵 的启示，绝对地租是资本主义土地私有权垄断的产物，只要有私 有制存在，绝对地租就不会消失。但在另一方面绝对地租又是由 农业中资本主义生产关系决定的，必须从生产力和生产关系的变 化上去研究绝对地租的变化。通过农产品垄价格...学位：经济学硕士院系专业：经济学院经济系_政治经济学学号：MJ10000

Thoughts on State-owned Enterprises in the Old Industry Base of Northeast China——Example of Jilin City in Jilin Province

国有企业是东北老工业基地的主体和基础。国企改革是振兴东北老工业基地的前提和重要环节。国企产权制度改革涉及国家与企业以及职工利益的重新分配,目前,已进入攻坚阶段。因此,必须探索新思路,以加快国企改革。The state-owned enterprises are main body and foundation in the old industry base of Northeast China,the reform of state-owned enterprises is a prerequisite and important link for vitalizing the old industry base of Northeast China.The reform of property system of state-owned enterprises is related to re-allocation among country enterprises and staff,at present,it had entered the stage of storm fortification,so the new thoughts of the reform of state-owned enterprises must be explored,the reform speed must accelerate,which can make itself establish perfect system

On Relations between Distribution and Relations of Production in Capital

马克思在《资本论》中提出了分配关系是由生产资料的所有制关系决定,分配关系本质上和生产关系是统一的,是生产关系的反面,同时又是生产关系的表现的观点。生产关系和分配关系具有历史的暂时的性质。In his book Capital,Marx ever stated that the distribution relationship is determined by the ownership relation of the means of production while it is essentially uniform with the relations of production,which is the opposite of the relations of production.In the meanwhile it is also the representation of the relations of production.Both the relations of production and the distribution relationship possess the temporary natures of history

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials