The European Code Against Injuries (ECAI)

No abstract available

Implementation of effective policies for the prevention of unintentional injuries: A feasibility study in European countries

Aim: The study objective was to assess the feasibility for injury prevention-related policy transfer among European countries. Subject and methods: A prototype for policy feasibility evaluation was developed and used. Each prototype included six dimensions of barriers/facilitators regarding education, engineering and enforcement. Public health experts from Europe and the USA scored the feasibility of transferability for the selected policies in their own country. Results: We found that availability of materials and public acceptability was considered as contributing to a successful policy transfer, whereas lack of financial resources was seen as a barrier. Prevention policies were more likely to be implemented in the construction and manufacturing occupational areas. Use of personal protective equipment and multiple component interventions received higher feasibility scores compared to environmental modifications or law enforcement. Conclusion: We conclude that in Europe, country-specific processes undertaken before the initiation of a policy transfer may be used to highlight concurrent facilitators/barriers and guide cost-effective preventive efforts. © 2012 Springer-Verlag

What works better for community-dwelling Older people at risk to fall?: A meta-analysis of multifactorial versus physical exercise-alone interventions

Objective: To compare and quantify the effectiveness of multifactorial versus exercise-alone interventions in reducing recurrent falls among community-dwelling older people. Method : A meta-analysis of recently published studies on fall prevention interventions was conducted. Measure of the overall effectiveness was the combined risk ratio for recurrent falls, whereas heterogeneity was explored via metaregression analyses. Results: Ten of the 52 identified studies met the preset criteria and were included in the analysis. The exercise-alone interventions were about 5 times more effective compared to multifactorial ones. Short-term interventions, smaller samples, and younger age related to better outcomes. Discussion: From cost-efficiency and public health perspectives, exercise-alone interventions can be considered valuable, as they are more likely to be implemented in countries with less resources. Further qualitative research is needed, however, to explore determinants of willingness to participate and comply with interventions aiming to prevent recurrent falls among older people. © 2009 The Author(s)

What Works Better for Community-Dwelling Older People at Risk to Fall? A Meta-Analysis of Multifactorial Versus Physical Exercise-Alone Interventions

Objective: To compare and quantify the effectiveness of multifactorial versus exercise-alone interventions in reducing recurrent falls among community-dwelling older people. Method: A meta-analysis of recently published studies on fall prevention interventions was conducted. Measure of the overall effectiveness was the combined risk ratio for recurrent falls, whereas heterogeneity was explored via metaregression analyses. Results: Ten of the 52 identified studies met the preset criteria and were included in the analysis. The exercise-alone interventions were about 5 times more effective compared to multifactorial ones. Short-term interventions, smaller samples, and younger age related to better outcomes. Discussion: From cost-efficiency and public health perspectives, exercise-alone interventions can be considered valuable, as they are more likely to be implemented in countries with less resources. Further qualitative research is needed, however, to explore determinants of willingness to participate and comply with interventions aiming to prevent recurrent falls among older people

Immunomodulatory effect of macrolides: At what cost?

We present the case of a 60-year old female patient, with a 10 year history of non-CF bronchiectasis and use of macrolides as maintenance immunomodulatory treatment, who was diagnosed with macrolide-resistant Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease. Macrolides' immunomodulatory effect is appealing for non- CF bronchiectasis patients, hiding a high risk for resistance emergence

Current issues and challenges in the definition and operationalization of child maltreatment : A scoping review

Background: Studies show considerable variability in the definitions and operationalization of child maltreatment (CM), which limits research, policy formation, surveillance, and cross-country and cross-sector comparisons.Objective: To review the recent literature (2011-2021) to understand current issues and chal-lenges in defining CM, to assist in the planning, testing and implementing of CM conceptualizations.Methods: We searched eight international databases. Articles were included if the substantive content was related to issues, challenges, and debates in defining CM, and the article was an original study, review, commentary, report, or guideline. The review followed methodological guidance for the conduct of scoping reviews and was reported in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR checklist. Four experts in CM conducted a thematic analysis to summarize findings. Meth-odological rigor of the included studies was not formally assessed. Results: We identified 7372 potentially relevant articles; 55 full-text studies were assessed for eligibility, 25 satisfied the inclusion criteria. We identified three themes: 1) strategies to define CM, including the integration of child and victim perspectives; 2) difficulties in defining specific CM types; and 3) real-world implications for research, prevention and policy.Conclusions: Despite longstanding concerns, challenges regarding the definitions of CM persist. A small minority of studies have tested and implemented CM definitions and operationalizations inpractice. The findings will inform international multi-sectoral processes to develop uniform definitions of CM, for example by highlighting the need to acknowledge challenges in defining some CM types and emphasizing the importance of considering the perspectives of children and CM survivors.Peer reviewe

DpmTITLE: Consensus building on definitions and types of child maltreatment to improve recording and surveillance in Europe: Protocol for a multi-sectoral, European, electronic Delphi study

Introduction Child maltreatment (CM) is a complex global public health issue with potentially devastating effects on individuals' physical and mental health and well-being throughout the life course. A lack of uniform definitions hinders attempts to identify, measure, respond to, and prevent CM. The aim of this electronic Delphi (e-Delphi) study is to build consensus on definitions and types of CM for use in surveillance and multi-sectoral research in the 34 countries in the Euro-CAN (Multi-Sectoral Responses to Child Abuse and Neglect in Europe) project (COST Action CA19106). Methods and analysis The e-Delphi study will consist of a maximum of three rounds conducted using an online data collection platform. A multi-disciplinary expert panel consisting of researchers, child protection professionals (health and social care), police, legal professionals and adult survivors of CM will be purposefully recruited. We will approach approximately 100 experts, with between 50 and 60 of these anticipated to take part. Participants will rate their agreement with a range of statements relating to operational definitions and types of CM, and free-text comments on each of the statements to give further detail about their responses and areas of uncertainty. Consensus has been defined a priori as ≥70% of the panel agreeing or disagreeing with the statement after the final round. The responses to the open-ended questions will be analysed using a 'codebook' approach to thematic analysis, and used to refine the statements between rounds where no consensus is reached. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval has been granted from the Cardiff University School of Medicine ethics committee (reference number SMREC22/96). Results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at workshops (including for the participants) and international academic conferences. The Euro-CAN network will also be used to disseminate the results, with results briefings and presentations to key public health and other relevant organisations in the field