Occupational anxiety and self-efficacy levels among prospective teachers

This study examined the relationship between occupational anxiety and self-efficacy levels of prospective teachers enrolled in pedagogical formation training certificate program at the faculty of education in universities under the Council of Higher Education to teach in secondary schools and high schools in Turkey, and evaluated them based on diverse variables (gender, department, high school type, educational level of parents). It was a descriptive study using survey model. The study group comprised 236 prospective teachers. Research data were gathered through “Teaching Occupation Anxiety Scale” and “Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale”. The study concluded that the prospective teachers’ anxiety about the teaching profession was low, whereas they had high occupational self-efficacy, and there was a moderate, negative relationship between the two variables. The study also found that occupational self-efficacy levels of the participants differed in relation to the educational level of father

Türkiye’nin Artvin ve Giresun bölgelerindeki Kantaron (Hypericum montbretii ve Hypericum bupleuroides) ve Karaçalı (Paliurus spina-christi Mill) bitkilerinin antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal aktivitelerinin karşılaştırılması

Antioxidant activity 13 different samples of medicinal and aromatic plants of Centaury (Hypericum montbretii), Centaury (Hypericum bupleuroides), Blackthorn (Paliurus spina-christi Mill), including leaf, flower and stem, was investigated using DPPH, FRAP and CUPRAC methods. Total flavonoid, total phenolic amount and the antibacterial features of extracts from these herbs were also determined. According to the obtained of antioxidant datas, except for the result of total polyphenol assay, the dried leaves of Centuary (Hypericum montbretii) had the best antioxidant property that was realized in all results. Accordingly test of total polyphenol, the content of yellow flower of Centuary (Hypericum montbretii) herb was measured as of 22.48±0.66 mg GAE /g dry herb sample and so this herb had the highest total phenolic content. Antimicrobial activity tests were carried out using disc diffusion methods with 12 microbial species and the most of them displayed good-moderate antimicrobial and antifungal activity.Tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerden olan Kantaron (Hypericum montbretii ve Hypericum bupleuroides) ve karaçalı (Paliurus spina-christi Mill) bitkilerinin yaprak, çiçek ve kök gibi kısımlarından oluşan 13 farklı örneğin antioksidan aktivitesi DPPH, FRAP ve CUPRAC yöntemleri kulanılarak incelenmiştir. Aynı zamanda bitki ekstraktların toplam fenolik ve toplam flavonoid miktarları da ölçülmüş ve antimikrobiyal özellikleri de belirlenmiştir. Antioksidan aktivite sonuçlarına göre tüm analizler içinde (toplam polifenol miktar analizi hariç) en iyi aktivite Kantaron (Hypericum montbretii) bitkisinin kuru yaprağında olduğu bulunmuştur. Toplam polifenol analizine göre ise en yüksek aktivitenin 22.485±0.656 mg GAE /g değeri ile Kantaron’un (Hypericum montbretii) çiçek kısmına ait olduğu görülmüştür. Antimikrobiyal analizler ise disk düfüzyon yöntemi kullanılarak yapılmış ve bitki ekstraktlarının 12 tane test mikrorganizması üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu sonuçlara göre bitkilerden çoğunun bakterilere ve mantar suşlarına karşı iyi derecede aktivite gösterdiği gözlenmiştir

Quality of life, perceived stress and nutrition of patients with irritable bowel syndrome: A descriptive study

Background: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a chronic and common functional bowel disorder that currently has no definite treatment. Depending on the type and severity of the individual's symptoms, medication, diet, and/or lifestyle changes are recommended. Aims: This study aimed to determine the relationship between the quality of life, perceived stress levels, and nutrition of individuals diagnosed with IBS. Subjects and Methods: Between March 2020 and March 2021, 340 patients with IBS volunteered for this study. The demographic information questionnaire, Irritable Bowel Syndrome Quality of Life (IBS-QOL) scale, Perceived Stress Scale-14 (PSS-14), and Food Frequency Questionnaire were applied via an online form. Results: From the 340 patients, 230 were eligible. Out of them, 27% followed a special diet for IBS. When the IBS-QOL scores of men were compared according to their educational status, the scores of those with a high school or higher education level (109.7±32.8) were found to be higher than those with a lower education level than high school (95.4±17.5) (p=0.008), while the educational status of women did not affect the IBS-QOL scores (p>0.05). The mean IBS-QOL score of men was 44.8 ± 20.1 and lower than women (50.9±21.7) (p=0.030). The mean IBS-QOL score of women following an IBS-specific diet was 57.6 ± 22.6 and higher than women who did not follow an IBS-specific diet (48.2±20.9) (p=0.023). The IBS-QOL scores of women with gluten or lactose intolerance were lower than women without any intolerances (p=0.004). The mean IBS-QOL score for women with lactose intolerance was higher than those with gluten intolerance (p=0.004). When the IBS-QOL scores were evaluated according to the frequency of food consumption, no significant differences were found in the food groups (p>0.05). In this study, no significant correlation was found between IBS-QOL scores and PSS-14 scores (p>0.05). Conclusions: The prediction equations developed for healthy populations are not accurate enough to determine the energy requirements in SCD

Caustic Burns Affecting Multiple Systems

Poisoning with corrosive and caustic substances is still one of the most common poisonings in childhood due to the fact that household cleaning products are sold in easily accessible packages for children in our country and families do not take adequate safety precautions to keep household chemicals out of sight and reach of children. We present a case of caustic poisoning affecting multiple body systems

Histopathologic Evaluation of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Hypothyroidism-Induced Rats

It is speculated that thyroid hormones may be involved in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis. A literature scan, however, demonstrated conflicting results from studies investigating the relationship between hypothyroidism and NAFLD. Therefore, our study aims to evaluate NAFLD, from the histopathologic perspective, in hypothyroidism-induced rats. Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups: the experimental group consumed water containing methimazole 0.025% (MMI, Sigma, USA) for 12 weeks and the control group consumed tap water. At the end of week 12, serum glucose, ALT, AST, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, TSH, fT4, fT3, visfatin, and insulin assays were performed. Sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and “Oil Red-O” for histopathologic examination of the livers. In our study, we detected mild hepatosteatosis in all hypothyroidism-induced rats. There was statistically significant difference with respect to obesity between the two groups (p<0.001). The mean fasting blood glucose was 126.25 ± 23.4 mg/dL in hypothyroidism-induced group and 102.63 ± 15.51 mg/dL in the control group, with a statistically significant difference between the groups (p=0.032). The two groups did not differ statistically significantly with respect to visfatin levels (p>0.05). In conclusion, we found that hypothyroidism-induced rats had mild hepatosteatosis as opposed to the control group histopathologically. Our study indicates that hypothyroidism can cause NAFLD

Real-world efficacy and safety of Ledipasvir plus Sofosbuvir and Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir +/- Dasabuvir combination therapies for chronic hepatitis C: A Turkish experience

Background/Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the real-life efficacy and tolerability of direct-acting antiviral treatments for patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with/without cirrhosis in the Turkish population.Material and Methods: A total of 4,352 patients with CHC from 36 different institutions in Turkey were enrolled. They received ledipasvir (LDV) and sofosbuvir (SOF)+/- ribavirin (RBV) ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir +/- dasabuvir (PrOD)+/- RBV for 12 or 24 weeks. Sustained virologic response (SVR) rates, factors affecting SVR, safety profile, and hepatocellular cancer (HCC) occurrence were analyzed.Results: SVR12 was achieved in 92.8% of the patients (4,040/4,352) according to intention-to-treat and in 98.3% of the patients (4,040/4,108) according to per-protocol analysis. The SVR12 rates were similar between the treatment regimens (97.2%-100%) and genotypes (95.6%-100%). Patients achieving SVR showed a significant decrease in the mean serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels (50.90 +/- 54.60 U/L to 17.00 +/- 14.50 U/L) and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores (7.51 +/- 4.54 to 7.32 +/- 3.40) (p<0.05). Of the patients, 2 were diagnosed with HCC during the treatment and 14 were diagnosed with HCC 37.0 +/- 16.0 weeks post-treatment. Higher initial MELD score (odds ratio [OR]: 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-2.38; p=0.023]), higher hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.31-2.28; p=0.038), and higher serum ALT levels (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.21-1.83; p=0.042) were associated with poor SVR12. The most common adverse events were fatigue (12.6%), pruritis (7.3%), increased serum ALT (4.7%) and bilirubin (3.8%) levels, and anemia (3.1%).Conclusion: LDV/SOF or PrOD +/- RBV were effective and tolerable treatments for patients with CHC and with or without advanced liver disease before and after liver transplantation. Although HCV eradication improves the liver function, there is a risk of developing HCC.Turkish Association for the Study of The Liver (TASL

THE DETERMINATION OF THE BASIC PARAMETERS OF METAL-SEMICONDUCTOR CONTACT WITH SiO2 INTERFACE GROWN BY RF SPUTTERING METHOD

Bu çalışmada, Al/n-Si/SiO2/Au yapının temel parametreleri frekans (50 kHz-5MHz) ve sıcaklığa (80 K-390K) bağlı incelendi. Al/SiO2/n-Si/Au yapının farklı frekanslar ve farklı sıcaklıklarda sığa-gerilim (C-V), iletkenlik-gerilim (G/w-V) ve akım-gerilim (I-V) ölçümleri gerçekleştirildi. C-V, G/w-V ve I-V ölçümlerinden yapının engel yüksekliği (&#934;B), seri direnci (Rs), Fermi enerjisi (Ef), idealite faktörü (n) ve arayüzey durum yoğunluğu (Nss) sıcaklığa ve frekansa bağlı olarak belirlendi. Yapılan deneysel ölçüm ve hesaplamalar, bu tip yapıların hemen hemen tüm parametrelerinin yapıdaki arayüzey durum yoğunluğuna, seri dirence, uygulanan d.c. gerilime, frekansa ve sıcaklığa bağlı olduğunu göstermiştir. izmir gundem komik videolar cizgi film izle cizgi film 3d oyunlar oyunlar In this study, we have investigated some parameters of Al/n-Si/SiO2/Au structures depend on frequency (50 kHz-5 MHz) and temperature (80 K-390 K). Capacitance-voltage (C-V), conductance-voltage (G/w-V) and current-voltage (I-V) measurements at different frequency and at different temperature were made. From these measurements we calculated series resistance (Rs), potantial barrier height(&#934;b), interface state density (Nss), Fermi energy (EF), idealite factor(n) depending on frequency and temperature. Results shows that almost all the basic parameters of this structures change by interface state density, series resistance, d.c. voltage, frequency and temperature

The effect of branding on consumer purchase intention: a study in Turkish apparel industry

MARKANIN TÜKETİCİ SATIN ALMA NİYETİNE ETKİSİ: TÜRKIYE GİYİM SEKTÖRÜ ÜZERİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA Bu çalısma, Türkiye hazır giyim sektöründeki marka çagrısımları ve marka ögeleri ile satın alma niyeti arasındaki iliskileri incelemektedir. Bu amaçla, marka çagrısımları ve marka ögelerinin 1980 – 1990 yılları arasında dogan gençlerin satın alma niyeti ile iliskileri ortaya konulmustur. Çalısmanın çerçevesini belirlemeden önce Türkiye hazır giyim sektörünün durumu ve 1980 – 1990 arasında dogan gençlerin egilimlerini saptayabilmek amacıyla literature arastırması yapılmıstır. Arastırma sonuçlarına göre marka bilinirligi, marka sadakati, algılanan ürün kalitesi, fiyat bilinci ve moda bilinci’nin tüketicilerin alım niyetinde etkili karar degiskenleri oldugu saptanmıstır. Bu degiskenler incelendiginde ise marka bilinirligi, marka sadakati, algılanan ürün kalitesi ve fiyat bilincinin marka degeri kavramı ile iliskili oldugu görülmüstür. Çıkan bu sonuç üzerine günümüzün en önemli konularından biri olan marka degerine odaklanılmasına karar verilmistir. Çalısmanın çerçevesi olusturulurken ise Aaker (1991) ve Keller (1993, 1998)’ın marka degeri modelleri dikkate alınmıstır. Çalısmanın ana çatısını ise Keller (1993, 1998)’ın marka degeri modelleri olusturmaktadır. Gelistirilen model dogrultusunda marka çagrısımları ve marka ögeleri ile satın alma niyeti arasındaki iliskiler test edilerek incelenmis ve iliskilerin varlıgı saptanmıstır. ABSTRACT THE EFFECT OF BRANDING ON CONSUMER PURCHASE INTENTION: A STUDY IN TURKISH APPAREL INDUSTRY This study focuses on the effects of the brand strategies on consumer purchase intention in the field of apparel marketing. For this purpose, it is aimed to state the relations in between brand associations and brand elements with the purchase intention of the generation born between 1980 and 1990. Before designed the study, a literature review, was conducted in order to analyze the textile and apparel industry and preferences of Generation born between 1980 and 1990 through apparel industry. The results shows that brand awareness, brand loyalty, perceived clothing quality, price consciousness, fashion consciousness are the decision variables, effective on consumers’ purchase intention (Sproles&Kendall,1986; Fairhurst,1985; Abraham,1992; Chung,1999; Sung,1998). When analyzed these variables, it is seen that four of them, which are brand awareness, brand loyalty, perceived quality, and price consciousness, are directly relating with the concept of brand equity. And it is decided to focus brand equity, that is one of the hottest topics in management today. While shaping the research frame, Aaker and Keller’s models are basically taken into consideration and analyzed and the Keller’s model is used while creating the conceptual framework of the study. Based on the framework the relations were tested and the whole relations between brand associations and brand elements with purchase intention were stated through the research results. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Number LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………………………..ix LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………xi INTRODUCTION….…………………………………………………………………..1 1. BRAND CONCEPT 1.1. Definitions of Brand…………………………………………………………….8 1.2. Importance of Branding…………………………………………………………9 1.3. Consumer – Brand Relationships…………………………………………….. 16 2. BRAND EQUITY CONCEPT 2.1. Definitions of Brand Equity…………………………………………………...24 2.2. Brand Equity Research………………………………………………………...27 2.3. Drivers of Brand Knowledge………………………………………………….37 2.3.1. Brand Awareness……………………………………………………….38 2.3.2. Brand Associations……………………………………………………..41 2.3.2.1.Attributes…………………………………………………………...51 2.3.2.1.1. Product Related Attributes………………………………….52 2.3.2.1.2. Non- Product Related Attributes…………………………...52 2.3.2.2.Benefits……………………………………………………………..55 2.3.2.2.1. Functional Benefits…………………………………………57 2.3.2.2.2. Experiential Benefit………………………………………...58 2.3.2.2.3. Symbolic Benefits…………………………………………..58 2.3.2.3.Secondary Associations…………………………………………….60 2.4. Branding Elements to Create Brand Associations…………………………….62 2.4.1. Brand Name…………………………………………………………….63 2.4.2. Packaging…………………………………………………………….....64 2.4.3. Logos and Symbols………………………………………………….…66 2.4.4. Slogans……………………………………………………………..…...68 2.4.5. Jingles……………………………………………………………..........68 2.4.6. Characters………………………………………………………………68 3. BRAND ATTITUDE 3.1. Definitions of Brand Attitude…………………………………………………69 3.2. Relationship Between Brand Associations & Elements with Brand Attitude…74 4. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 4.1. Textile Industry……………………………………………………………......77 4.2. Ready – to – Wear Industry……………………………………………………79 iv 4.3. The Market Overview for Ready to Wear Industry in Turkey………………...82 4.4. The Overview about the Generation, born between 1980 and 1990…………..87 5. RESEARCH DESIGN PROCESS METHODOLOGY 5.1. Objective /significant of study………………………………………………...95 5.2. Hypothesis……………………………………………………………..............96 5.3.Variables……………………………………………………………..................98 5.4. Data Collection Procedure, Instrument and Design………………………….100 5.5.Sampling……………………………………………………………................101 5.6. Measurement and Scales……………………………………………………..102 5.6.1 Frequency Distribution………………………………………………..102 5.6.2 Cross Tabulation………………………………………………………102 5.6.3 Validity and Reliability………………………………………………..103 5.6.4 Multiple Regression…………………………………...........................104 5.6.5 T-Test and Anova……………………………………..........................104 6. RESEARCH DESIGN 6.1. Instruments……………………………………………………………...........106 6.2. Sampling and Method………………………………………………………..106 6.3. Research Findings…………………………………………………………...110 6.3.1. Factor Analysis………………………………………………………..110 6.3.2. Regression Analysis…………………………………………………..114 6.3.3. Independent Sample T – Test…………….…………………………...121 6.3.4. ANOVA………………………………….…………………………... 123 7. CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 7.1. Conclusion and Discussions………………………………………………….125 7.2. Implications…………………………………………………………………..129 7.3. Limitations……………………………………………………………………133 7.4. Recommendations for Future Research……………………………………...134 APPENDIX 1…………………………………………………………………………135 APPENDIX 2…………………………………………………………………………141 REFERENCES………………………………………………………………………14

Effect of quince seed extract in ice cream production

Bu tez çalışması Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi tarafından 2019FEBE022 nolu proje ile desteklenmiştir.Evrensel bir tatlı olan dondurma serinletici, popüler ve değerli bir süt ürünüdür. Bu araştırmada ayva çekirdeği ekstraktı tozunun, salebin ve guar gamın dondurma üretiminde kullanımı ve 60 günlük depolama zamanında dondurma üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla ayva çekirdeğiekstraktı hazırlanmış ve liyofilizasyon yöntemiyle kurutulmuştur. Salep ( S: %0,5 salep), ayva çekirdeği ekstraktı tozu (A: %0,5 ayva çekirdeği ekstraktı tozu), ayva çekirdeği ekstraktı tozu-salep kombinasyonu (AS: %0,2 ayva çekirdeği ekstraktı tozu ve %0,3 salep) ve guar gam (G: %0,5 guar gam) kullanılarak dondurma çeşitleri üretilmiştir.Depolama süresinde dondurmaların kimyasal, fiziksel,tekstürel ve duyusal özellikleri saptanmıştır. Dondurma örneklerinin % kuru madde, %kül, % protein ve % titrasyon asitliklerinde depolama süreleri ve örnekler arası fark istastiksel olarak önemsiz bulunmuştur (p>0,05). Araştırmada G örneğinin ilk damlama ve toplam erime süreleri diğer örneklere göre daha yüksek belirlenmiştir. Hacim artışı en yüksek 1. günde A örneğinde tespit edilmiştir. Örneklerin sertlik, iç yapışkanlık, dış yapışkanlık, sakızımsılık değerleri depolama süresince artmıştır. Genel kabul edilebilirlik puanı 60. günde en yüksek S, ikinci olarak AS örneğinde belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak ayva çekirdeği ekstraktı tozunun dondurma üretiminde ticari stabilizatörlerin yerine kullanılabilecek doğal alternatif bir stabilizatör olabileceği düşünülmektedir.Ice cream, universal dessert, is a refreshing, popular and valuable dairy product. In this study, it was investigated to use of quince seed extract powder, salep and guar gum in ice cream production and to determine of effect of these stabilizers in ice cream in storage period for 60 days. For this purpose, quince seed extract was prepared and dried by lyophilization method. Kinds of ice cream varieties were produced using as salep (S: 0.5% salep), quince seed extract powder (A: 0.5% quince seed extract powder), quince seed extract powder-salep combination (AS: 0.2% quince seed extract powder and 0.3% salep) and guar gum (G: 0.5% guar gum). During the storage period, chemical, physical, textural and sensory properties of ice cream was determined. The difference of storage period and ice cream samples was statistically insignificant about dry matter%, ash%, protein% and titration acidity% (p>0,05). In this research, the first drip and total melting times of G sample were determined as higher value according to other samples. The highest overrun belong A sample for first day. Hardness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, gumminess values of samples were increased while storage period was increased. S sample had highest and AS sample had the second highest acceptability score for 60th day. As a result, quince seed extract powder is thought to be a natural alternative stabilizer is used in ice cream production instead of commercial stabilizers