Labour Demand Analysis in the ICT Sector: EU Countries and Türkiye

This paper is dedicated to specific research on the information and communications technologies (ICT) sector, where the variables determine labour demand in the European Union (EU) and Türkiye. The research aims to clarify the relationships between employment-generating firm growth that represents labour demand and the independent variables identified by the authors. For this purpose, our method analyses the factors affecting labour demand econometrically. In the study, a panel data set of 22 countries, including 21 EU countries and Türkiye, is used for the period of 2014-2019. The results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between employment in the ICT sector and real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and frequency of internet use. In addition, the results show that the relationship between employment and wage level in the ICT sector is negative and significant. According to the results obtained from the Fixed Effects (FE) model, the elasticity coefficients of the independent variables in the model present for wages (1.53), GDP per capita (3.27) and frequency of internet use (1.60). Finally, we have discussed the results estimated by the Shadow Variable Least Squares (LSDV) method to measure the impact of each country on the overall variability in employment level. As a result of the study, when labour demand is associated with firm employment increase, the countries in the target geography where a significant and positive relationship was found are Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, and Türkiye.   CITE THIS PAPER: Şişman, Deniz; Şişman, Mehmet; Yanık, Ahmet H. (2023). Labour Demand Analysis in the ICT Sector: EU Countries and Türkiye. Journal of World Economy: Transformations & Transitions (JOWETT) 3(06):24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52459/jowett3624032

Mavi Kanatlarınla'dan Ayrılığın İlk Yazı'na:Selim İleri

Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya No: 21-Selim İleriİstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı (TR10/14/YEN/0033) İstanbul Development Agency (TR10/14/YEN/0033

Vakıf Eski Eserlerin Bakımı Onarımı Restorasyon ve Korunması

[No Abstract Available

Energy and Angular Momentum in Generic F(Riemann) Theories

We construct the conserved charge of generic gravity theories built on arbitrary contractions of the Riemann tensor (but not on its derivatives) for asymptotically (anti)-de Sitter spacetimes. Our construction is a generalization of the ADT charges of linear and quadratic gravity theories in cosmological backgrounds. As an explicit example we find the energy and angular momentum of the BTZ black hole in the 2+1 dimensional Born-Infeld gravity.Comment: 7 page

Spectra, vacua and the unitarity of Lovelock gravity in D-dimensional AdS spacetimes

We explicitly confirm the expectation that generic Lovelock gravity in D dimensions has a unitary massless spin-2 excitation around any one of its constant curvature vacua just like the cosmological Einstein gravity. The propagator of the theory reduces to that of Einstein's gravity, but scattering amplitudes must be computed with an effective Newton's constant which we provide. Tree-level unitarity imposes a single constraint on the parameters of the theory yielding a wide range of unitary region. As an example, we explicitly work out the details of the cubic Lovelock theory.Comment: 9 pages, 2 references adde

Watching television and being affected by television according to the opinions of parents of children between the ages of three and six: Üç – altı yaş arası çocukların ebeveynlerinin görüşlerine göre televizyon izleme ve televizyondan etkilenme durumları

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the opinions of parents who have three to six years old children on the status of their children watching television and the effects of television on their children. Method: This is a sectional study. 256 parents participated in the study. The participation rate was 80%.A questionnaire form created by reviewing the literature was used as a data collection. Findings: Of the participating parents, 71.9% were female. Of the families, 23.0% had two televisions, and 6.2% of the participating children had a television in their room; 45.7% started to watch television after the age of two. The television was watched most in the evening hours (55.1%), and 63.7% of the children watched for one or two hours, while 33.6% watched for three hours or more in a day. The television was kept on for five-eight hours in 49.2% of the houses. Changes due to watching television were witnessed in the behaviors of 43,4% of the children, and 77.5% of these changes were found to be negative. The children watched cartoons (36.4%), kids’ programs (23.7%), documentaries (11.5%), and advertisements (10.7%) the most. Children were found to be most affected by the behaviors of cartoon characters (39.5%). Conclusions: This study indicates that the majority of the children between the ages of three and six years watch television for too long; the child participants watched cartoons and kids’ programs and were influenced by cartoon characters’ behaviors the most; a majority of the parents believed that their children would prefer games over television; a majority of the children occasionally slept late after they had watched television; watching television for too long reduced their social activity, and caused them to have nightmares and to be aggressive. The amusing and educational television programs and letting children watch television to kill time are significant for children’s health. ​An extended English summary is at the end of the Full-Text PDF (TURKISH) file. Özet Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, üç – altı yaş çocuğu olan ebeveynlerin, çocuklarının televizyon izleme durumları ve televizyonun çocukları üzerine etkilerine yönelik görüşlerinin incelenmesidir. Yöntem: Kesitsel bir araştırmadır. Çalışmaya 256 ebeveyn katılmış olup katılım oranı %80 bulunmuştur. Veriler literatürden yararlanılarak oluşturulan soru formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan ebeveynlerin %71.9’unu anneler oluşturmaktadır. Evlerin  % 23.0’ de 2 televizyon vardır ve çocukların % 6.2’nin odasında televizyon bulunmaktadır. Çocuklar akşam saatlerinde (%55.1) daha çok televizyon izlemektedir.  Çocukların %63.7’si televizyon programlarını günde 1-2 saat, %33.6’sı ise 3 saat ve üzeri izlemektedir. Evlerin %49.2’’sin de televizyon 5 – 8 saat açık kalmaktadır. Çocukların % 77.5’inde olumsuz davranış değişimi olmaktadır.Çocukların %45.7’si 2 yaşından itibaren televizyon izlemeye başlamıştır. Çocuklar en çok çizgi film (%36.4), çocuk programları (%23.7), belgesel (%11.5) ve reklamları (%10.7) izlemektedir. Çocuklar en çok çizgi film kahramanlarının davranış şeklinden etkilenmektedir. Sonuç: Çalışmada 3-6 yaş grubu çocukların çoğunluğunun evde televizyon izleme ve televizyonun evde açık kalma sürelerinin uzun olması, çocukların en çok çizgi film ve çocuk programları izlemeleri, çizgi film kahramanlarının en çok davranışlarından etkilenmeleri, uzun süre televizyon izlemenin çocukların sosyalliklerinin azalmasına, kabus görmelerine ve saldırganlığına sebep olduğu ve televizyonun eğlendirici, eğitici-öğretici olması nedeni ile televizyon izletilmesi önemli sonuçlardır

Structural Convergence between African Countries: Empirical Evidence

This paper aims to investigate structural convergence in selected African countries over the period 1994-2019. Using panel data for 48 African countries and several estimation methods [Panel-Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE), Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS), tobit model, instrumental variable, and Granger non-causality], the results show the existence of the phenomenon of sectoral structural convergence in Africa, i.e. a greater similarity in sectoral structures while income gaps are narrowing. The paper also highlights the service sector's low relative productivity level and industrial sector's low labor force attractiveness despite a significant shift in labor from the agricultural sector and a higher level of relative productivity respectively. To address this issue, the development and acquisition of human and physical capital would be necessary to develop the industrial sector and increase the service sector's productivity.   Cite this paper: Bako Ousmane, Ali; Şişman, Mehmet (2022). "Structural Convergence between African Countries: Empirical Evidence" Journal of World Economy: Transformations & Transitions (JOWETT) 1(03):13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52459/jowett1313012

Green's Matrix for a Second Order Self-Adjoint Matrix Differential Operator

A systematic construction of the Green's matrix for a second order, self-adjoint matrix differential operator from the linearly independent solutions of the corresponding homogeneous differential equation set is carried out. We follow the general approach of extracting the Green's matrix from the Green's matrix of the corresponding first order system. This construction is required in the cases where the differential equation set cannot be turned to an algebraic equation set via transform techniques.Comment: 19 page

Physical and practical hydrograph recession modeling in karstic sinkholes

Karstic spring discharge is related to the hydraulic head recession through a power function with an exponent <1. In the literature, analytical solutions are available for exponential and non-exponential models based on a set of restrictive physical and mathematical assumptions. The models search for a holistic and deductive solution without basic physical and practical interpretations, simple logical inferences leading to mathematical analytical or empirical formulations. In this paper, an inductive, logical, practical, and instead of holistic modeling, physically plausible piecewise solutions are proposed with detailed inferences and interpretations. In the proposed methodology, the discharge and hydraulic head records are decomposed first into a set of verbal classes and, subsequently, physical meaning for each class is explained leading to simple general but empirical models. For this purpose, Wakula and St. Marks River (Florida) hydrograph records are used for the general solution sinkhole discharge and hydraulic head variations. The solution methodology presented in this paper does not make any distinction between relatively small or large sinkhole heads. The calibration and verification of the methodology is shown with a comparison of the available record values to partial power models. Finally, it is concluded that the proposed methodology is reliable and can be applied to hydraulic head availability with discharge records in any part of the world for karstic aquifer domains