Aile İklimi Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye Uyarlanması ve PsikometrikAçıdan İncelenmesi

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Björnberg ve Nicholson (2007) tarafından geliştirilen Aile İklimi Ölçeği’ni (Family Climate Scale) Türkçeye kazandırmak ve ölçeğin psikometrik özelliklerini incelemektir. Açımlayıcı faktör analizinin yürütüldüğü ilk çalışmanın örneklemini 474 (Ort. yaş = 22.39, SS = 2.75) yetişkin oluşturmuştur. Sonuçlar, orijinal ölçeğin 48 maddeden oluşan altı faktörlü yapısı yerine, Türkiye örnekleminde 34 maddeden oluşan üç faktörlü yapıyı desteklemiştir. Bununla birlikte ölçeğin geçerlik ve güvenirlik değerlerinin iyi düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür. Orijinal ölçekte yer alan kuşaklar-arası otorite ve bilişsel uyum boyutları uyarlama çalışmasında büyük oranda aynı kalırken, diğer dört boyut (açık iletişim, duygusal uyum, kuşaklar-arası ilgi, uyumluluk) tek bir faktör altında birleşmiş ve bu faktör aile içi ilişkisellik olarak adlandırılmıştır. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi çalışmasına ise 446 (Ort yaş = 21.42, SS = 1.64) yetişkin katılmıştır. Açımlayıcı faktör analizinden elde edilen faktör yapısı, doğrulayıcı faktör analizinde test edilmiş ve sonuçlar modelin uyum değerlerinin kabul edilebilir düzeyde olduğunu göstermiştir. Kuşaklar-arası ilişkileri geniş aile bağlamında değerlendiren bu ölçeğin, ulusal yazınına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Anahtar kelimeler. Aile iklimi, kuşaklar-arası ilişkiler, geçerlik, güvenirlikThe aim of the current study is to adapt the Family Climate Scale developed by Björnberg and Nicholson, (2007) into Turkish and to examine its psychometric properties. The sample of the first study, in which exploratory factor analyses were performed, consisted of 474 adults (M = 22.39, SD = 2.75). Results supported a three factor solution with 34 items in Turkish sample. The scale also has shown good reliability and validity values. While the intergenerational authority and cognitive cohesion dimensions of the original scale remained almost the same in the Turkish version, the other four dimensions dimensions (open communication, emotional cohesion, intergenerational attention, and adaptability) formed a single factor, named as relatedness in family. The second sample, which was used in confirmatory factor analysis study, consisted of 446 participants (M = 21.42, SD = 1.64). The factor structure obtained from the exploratory factor analysis was tested by using confirmatory factor analysis, and the results showed that the fit indices of the model were acceptable. The scale that evaluates intergenerational interactions in a broad family context will contribute to the related national literature

The frequency of Duchenne muscular dystrophy/Becker muscular dystrophy and Pompe disease in children with isolated transaminase elevation: results from the observational VICTORIA study

IntroductionElevated transaminases and/or creatine phosphokinase can indicate underlying muscle disease. Therefore, this study aims to determine the frequency of Duchenne muscular dystrophy/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) in male children and Pompe disease (PD) in male and female children with isolated hypertransaminasemia.MethodsThis multi-center, prospective study enrolled patients aged 3–216 months with serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and/or aspartate transaminase (AST) levels >2× the upper limit of normal (ULN) for ≥3 months. Patients with a known history of liver or muscle disease or physical examination findings suggestive of liver disease were excluded. Patients were screened for creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) levels, and molecular genetic tests for DMD/BMD in male patients and enzyme analysis for PD in male and female patients with elevated CPK levels were performed. Genetic analyses confirmed PD. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of the patients were analyzed.ResultsOverall, 589 patients [66.8% male, mean age of 63.4 months (standard deviation: 60.5)] were included. In total, 251 patients (188 male and 63 female) had CPK levels above the ULN. Of the patients assessed, 47% (85/182) of male patients were diagnosed with DMD/BMD and 1% (3/228) of male and female patients were diagnosed with PD. The median ALT, AST, and CPK levels were statistically significantly higher, and the questioned neurological symptoms and previously unnoticed examination findings were more common in DMD/BMD patients than those without DMD/BMD or PD (p < 0.001).DiscussionQuestioning neurological symptoms, conducting a complete physical examination, and testing for CPK levels in patients with isolated hypertransaminasemia will prevent costly and time-consuming investigations for liver diseases and will lead to the diagnosis of occult neuromuscular diseases. Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT04120168

The Role Of The Teachers 'Posıtıve Psychologıcal Capacıty In The Relatıonshıp Between Personalıty And Assertıveness

In this study, it was aimed to know the assertiveness behavior, positive psychological capital levels and personality characteristics of teachers in public secondary schools in Tokat city center and its districts and to determine the degree of connection between these three variables. The sample of the research based on the quantitative research approach consisted of 336 teachers in the public secondary school in the 2018-2019 academic year.As the data collection toolsin this research,“Self-Determination Scale (Security), developed by Voltan-Acar and Teacher (2007),“Psychological Capital Scale” developed by Luthans, Avolio, Avey and Norman (2007) and translated into Turkish by Çetin and Basım (2012), and “Five Factor Personality Scale”, which was created by Costa and McCrae (1992), was converted into a short form by Benet-Martinez and John (1998) and adapted to Turkish by Alkan (2006) were selected. Frequency, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, t test, ANOVA, LSD test, Pearson Correlation and Hierarchical Regression analysis were used in the analysis of the data. When the positive psychological capital perceptions are analyzed, the highest average self-efficacy and the lowest average optimism dimension appeared. It has been observed that there is a positive relationship between the dimensions of positive psychological capital and assertiveness and the personality traits of teachers as extraversion, psychological resilience, self-efficacy and hope; and a significant negative relationship was found with the emotional inconsistency dimension. In addition, it has been determined that positive psychological capital has a partial mediating role in the effect of some dimensions of teachers' personality traits on the dimensions of assertiveness.Bu araştırmada Tokat ili merkez ve ilçelerindeki kamu ortaokullarındaki öğretmenlerin, atılganlık davranışları, pozitif psikolojik sermaye düzeyleri ve kişilik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve bu üç değişken arasındaki bağlantının derecesinin saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Nicel araştırma yaklaşımına dayanan araştırmanın örneklemini, 2018-2019 öğretim yılında kamu ortaokulundaki 336 öğretmen oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak, Voltan-Acar ve Öğretmen (2007) tarafından geliştirilen “Kendini Belirleme Ölçeği (Güvengenlik)”, Luthans, Avolio, Avey ve Norman (2007) tarafından geliştirilen ve Çetin ve Basım (2012) tarafından Türkçe’ye çevirisi yapılan “Psikolojik Sermaye Ölçeği” ve Costa ve McCrae‟e (1992) tarafından oluşturulmuş, Benet-Martinez ve John (1998) tarafından ise kısa forma dönüştürülmüş ve Alkan (2006) tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanmış “Beş Faktör Kişilik Ölçeği” tercih edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde frekans, aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma, t testi, ANOVA, LSD testi, Pearson Korelasyon ve Çoklu Regresyon analizinden faydalanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda beş faktör kişilik özellikleri boyutlarından uyumlulukken yüksek; duygusal tutarsızlıkken düşük algılanan boyut olmuştur. Pozitif psikolojik sermaye algıları incelendiğinde en yüksek ortalama öz yeterlik, en düşük ortalama iyimserlik boyutunda ortaya çıkmıştır. Atılganlığın boyutlarından atılganlık boyutunun çekingenlik boyutuna göre puanının daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Pozitif psikolojik sermayenin ile atılganlığın boyutları ile öğretmenlerin kişilik özelliklerinin dışadönüklük, psikolojik dayanıklılık, öz yeterlik ve umut boyutları arasında pozitif; duygusal tutarsızlık boyutu ile negatif anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Pozitif psikolojik sermayenin bütün boyutları ile atılganlığın bütün boyutları arasında pozitif bir ilişkinin olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca öğretmenlerin kişilik özelliklerinden bazı boyutlarının atılganlığın boyutlarına etkisinde pozitif psikolojik sermayenin kısmi aracılık rolünün olduğu tespit edilmiştir

Influence of Regional Perceptions and Children’s Age onTheir Social Inclusion Judgments

The present study examined the effects of children’s perceptions about the members of different geographical regions of Turkey on their social inclusion judgments. Children evaluated vignettes including protagonists coming from eastern and western regions of Turkey, which are namely easterners vs. westerners. Children demonstrated established perceptions regarding the disadvantaged social status of easterners and advantaged one for westerners, as shown by the preliminary study. In the main study, 150 children (75 10-year-olds, M = 10 years, SD = 4.17; 75 13-year-olds, 13.06 years, SD = 0.31) were asked to decide whom to include, either an easterner or a westerner, into a reading group and justify their decisions. According to the results, while participants chose the socially advantaged child in the equal qualifications condition more frequently, they chose the disadvantaged child for the unequal qualifications. For justifications, 13-year-olds made more stereotyping and moral justifications, whereas 10- year-olds made more psychological justifications in the equal qualifications condition. This study was the first attempt to infer the socially disadvantaged status of easterners in Turkey and its effect as a criterion for inclusion

Clinicopathological significance of the proliferation markers Ki67, RacGAP1, and topoisomerase 2 alpha in breast cancer

WOS: 000382974300005PubMed ID: 27284123Objectives. The aims of this study are to evaluate expressions of Ki67, RacGAP1 (MgcRacGAP) and topoisomerase 2 alpha (TOP2a), the markers related with cell proliferation that have been proposed to affect the prognosis in the literature and correlate the results with clinicopathological parameters of breast cancer patients. Methods. Ki67, RacGAP1, and TOP2a antibodies were applied immunohistochemically to the tissue micrarray blocks of 457 female breast cancer patients. The results were correlated with clinical, prognostic, histopathological features, and other immunohistochemical findings (estrogen receptor [ER], progesterone receptor [PR], HER2, cytokeratin [CK]5/6, CK14, epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR] and vimentin), statistically. Results. Ki67 expression demonstrated direct correlation with TOP2a expression, mitotic count, tumor grade, geographic necrosis, basal-like phenotype. RacGAP1 expression was directly correlated with TOP2a expression, nipple invasion, and number of metastatic lymph nodes, and it was inversely correlated with PR expression. TOP2a expression was directly correlated with vimentin and Ki67 expressions, mitotic count, tumor grade, and geographic necrosis, and nipple invasion, and negatively correlated with ER and PR expressions. Higher TOP2a and Ki67 expressions were correlated with shorter overall survival. Higher TOP2a expression and RacGAP1 positivity were directly correlated with shorter disease-free survival. Conclusion. This study showed that the overexpressions of Ki67, RacGAP1, and TOP2a affect the prognosis adversely, thus to develop target therapies against RacGAP1 and TOP2a as well as using Ki67 as a part of routine pathology practice might be beneficial in breast cancer therapy and prediction of prognosis.Bozok University Scientific Research Projects Unit [2014TF/A92]The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This study was supported financially by Bozok University Scientific Research Projects Unit (Project No. 2014TF/A92)