Usefullness of P wave dispersion as marker of target organ damage in hypertensive and diabetic patients

High blood pressure, chronic hyperglycemia and diastolic dysfunction may cause morphlogical and hemodynamic changes in the left atrium, consequently instability and heterogeneity in atrial conduction. This is seen as an increase in P wave dispersion (PWD) on the electrocardiogram. Diastolic dysfunction is regarded as a intial stage of a diabetic and hypertensive cardiomyopathy. The aim of this study is to examine whether PWD can be used as a non-invasive marker of target organ damage in hypertensive and diabetic population. Material and methods: Sixty-five diabetic and/or hypertensive patients who had no coronary artery disease (mean age 50.9±5.5) and 20 healthy individuals (mean age 49.1±7.8) were enrolled in the study. Systolic and diastolic functions of all cases were evaluated by echocardiography, PWD from 12-lead surface ECG was calculated and microalbuminuria levels were assessed. PWD cutoff value was 40 msec. Results: Mean PWD was 31.3±2.4 msec in hypertensive patients, 34.7±3.9 msec in diabetic patients and 39.3±3.7 msec in patients with both. In the control group mean PWD was 25.6±8.8 msec. PWD was significantly higher in the study group (p= 0.015). Tissue Doppler mitral E, pulse wave Doppler mitral E velocities were significantly lower and microalbuminuria levels were significantly higher in patients with PWD 40 msec. Conclusion: PWD was found to be correlated with diastolic functions in hypertensive and diabetic patients. Thus, the results support the hypothesis that PWD can be used as a non-invasive marker of target organ damage in the hypertensive and diabetic population.üksek kan basıncı ve hiperglisemi sol atriyum miyokardında morfolojik degisikliklere neden olmaktadırlar. Bununla birlikte gelisen diyastolik disfonksiyon nedeniyle sol atriyumda hemodinamik degisiklikler meydana gelmektedir. Bunlara baglı olarak sol atriyum dokusunda elektriksel iletide degisiklik ve düzensizlik olusmaktadır. Bu olay elektrokardiyogramda artmıs P dalga dispersiyonu (PDD) seklinde görülmektedir. Diyastolik disfonksiyon hipertansif ve diyabetik hastalarda kardiyak hasarın, hipertansif ve diyabetik kardiyomiyopatinin öncü bulgusu olarak düsünülmektedir. Bu çalısmanın amacı hipertansif ve/veya diyabetik hastalarda PDD’nun kardiyak uç organ hasar belirteci olarak kullanımını arastırmaktır. Yöntem: Çalısmaya koroner arter hastalıgı veya baska kronik hastalıgı olmayan, esansiyel hipertansiyon ve/veya tip 2 diyabet nedeniyle tedavi gören 65 hasta (ortalama yas 50.9±5.5) alındı. Saglıklı 20 bireyden (ortalama yas 49.1±7.8) kontrol grubu olusturuldu. Sistolik ve diyastolik ekokardiyografi parametreleri, PDD ve mikroabüminüri (MAÜ) düzeyleri degerlendirildi. PDD 40 ms patolojik olarak degerlendirildi Bulgular: Hasta grubuna PDD ortalaması hipertansiflerde 31.3±2.4 ms, diyabetiklerde 34.7±3.9 ms, her iki hastalıgı olanlarda 39.3±3.7 ms olarak saptanmıstır. Kontrol grubunda ortalama PDD 25.6±8.8 ms olarak saptandı. Hasta grubunda PDD anlamlı derecede uzun saptandı (p= 0.015). Her üç hasta grubunda da PDD diyastolik fonksiyon belirteçleri olan doku Doppler mitral E ve mitral E dalga hızlarıyla iliskili bulunmustur. PDD 40 ms olanlarda MAÜ düzeyi belirgin derecede yüksektir. Sonuç: Hipertansif ve/veya diyabetik hastalarda PDD diyastolik fonksiyonlar ve MAÜ düzeyi ile iliskilidir. Bu sonuç PDD nin bu hastalarda uç organ hasarının ucuz ve girisimsel olmayan bir belirteci olarak kulanılabilecegi hipotezini desteklemektedir

{K,s+1}- potent matrislerin bazı lineer kombinasyonları

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Bu çalışmanın ilk bölümünde, konu ile ilgili literatür bilgisini içeren bir giriş verilmektedir. Çalışma, bu bölüm ile birlikte toplam dört ana bölümden oluşmaktadır. Bölüm 2'de, Bölüm 4 için temel teşkil edecek olan bazı kavram ve bazı teoremler verilmektedir. Bölüm 3'te ise bu çalışmaya esin kaynağı olan literatürde mevcut bir çalışmadaki bazı sonuçlar hatırlatılmaktadır. Bölüm 4, bu çalışmanın esas kısmını içermektedir. Bu bölümde, üç karşılıklı değişmeli {K,s+1}–potent matrisin lineer kombinasyonu {K,s+1}–potent olduğunda lineer kombinasyondaki skalerlerin neler olabileceği ile alakalı bir sonuç verilmektedir. Ayrıca, verilen K involutif matrisi için bu lineer kombinasyonu {K,s+1}–potent yapacak şekilde skalerler ve karşılıklı değişmeli {K,s+1}–potent matrisler bulan algoritmalar verilmektedir.In the first chapter it is given an introduction, which include literature information about the subject. The study consists of four main chapters with this chapter in totally. In the Chapter 2, some of the concepts and some theorems, that constitute the basis for Chapter 4, have been given. In Chapter 3, some results from the existing study in the literature have been reminded. These are the inspiration for this work. The Chapter 4 contains the original part of this work. In this Chapter, it has been established the result associated that what could be scalars in the linear combination when the linear combination of three mutually commuting matrices is {K,s+1}–potent. Moreover, several algorithms have been given for finding some scalars and some mutually commuting {K,s+1}–potent matrices such that the linear combination is {K,s+1}–potent

The effect of maximal aerobic speed training combined with small-sided games on performance parameters in soccer

The purpose of this research was to compare the effects of maximal aerobic speed (MAS) training, small-sided games (SSG) training, and combined training (CT) on sprint, agility, lactate accumulation, repeated sprint, aerobic, and anaerobic endurance performances. Thirty under-16 male players participated in a 6-week randomized training study. Pre- and post-training all players completed a test battery involving body composition (body height and Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry-DEXA), sprint tests (10 m, 20 m, and 30 m), Yo-Yo 1 test, Arrowhead agility test, blood lactate test, and Yo-Yo 2 test. A global positioning system (GPS) was used for monitoring. After the pre-tests, the players were randomly assigned to three groups as MAS, SSG, and CT. Mixed two-way ANOVA was used to compare the pre-test and post-test performance of the three groups. While the CT group had higher changes in body composition, repeated sprint, aerobic, and anaerobic endurance parameters compared to the MAS training group (p.05). In conclusion, coaches and sports scientists are advised to choose CT for more efficient training, considering the differences between the MAS training and CT methods

Pozzolanic effect on the hydration heat of cements incorporating fly ash, obsidian, and slag additives

Made up of an engineered mix of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with artificial pozzolans such as trass, fly ash, and slag, the blended cements have been intensely employed within cementitious materials. The main reasons behind this intensive use can be clarified by enhanced workability/strength, the high resistance to chloride/sulfate, reduced permeability/alkali-silica reaction, and a drop in the heat generated by cement's hydration. The use of cementitious blends within concrete not only offers durable products but also cuts climate impact by energy saving and falling CO2 emissions. This study presents pozzolanic effect on the hydration heat of cements incorporating fly ash, obsidian, and slag additives. The blended cements were manufactured by three different replacement ratios of 20%, 30%, and 50%. The change in the hydration heat of obsidian-, fly ash-, and slag-based cements was observed by several Turkish standards (TS EN 196-8 and TS EN 196-9). Mortars were used for determining the uniaxial strengths of obsidian-, fly ash-, and slag-based cements. The results show that cement's hydration heat decreases as the rate of additives (e.g., obsidian) increases from 20% to 50%. The cement's fineness greatly affects its hydration heat. Increasing the refinement of pozzolanic material to a certain level (30%) leads to an increase in the hydration temperature. After reaching this level, there is no clear relation between the fineness and the replacement rate of pozzolans. As a result, the findings of this work will provide a good understanding of artificial pozzolans on performance and quality of obsidian-, fly ash-, and slag-based cements

Predicting mechanical properties in geopolymer mortars, including novel precursor combinations, through XGBoost method

Concrete is the most widely used material in the building industry due to its affordability, durability, and strength. However, considering carbon emissions, it is believed that concrete will be replaced by geopolymers in the future. As numerous parameters significantly affect the strength of geopolymers, the performance of potential algorithms for strength prediction needs to be evaluated for different binders to select an appropriate algorithm. This study employs machine learning approaches to provide the best prediction method for the flexural strength and compressive strength of geopolymers. A new dataset containing 533 compressive strength and 533 flexural strength values of geopolymers with different binders such as waste glass (GW), obsidian (OB), and fly ash was created. The best prediction solution, with R2 = 0.981 for compressive strength and R2 = 0.898 for flexural strength, was obtained from the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm. Additionally, several other machine learning models were employed, including linear regression, k-nearest neighbors, deep neural network, and random forest, with corresponding determination coefficient (R2) values of 0.763, 0.804, 0.93, and 0.96, respectively. These models were trained and evaluated using a dataset encompassing features such as binder types, age, and heat, to forecast the mechanical properties of geopolymers. Among these models, XGBoost demonstrated the highest R2 value, indicating superior performance in predicting both compressive and flexural strengths. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the selection of appropriate machine learning algorithms for predicting mechanical properties in geopolymers, thus contributing to advancements in sustainable construction materials

Türkiye’de stoma açılan hastaların kesitsel değerlendirilmesi

Aim: Despite recent technological developments, a stoma formation is needed for the treatment of many diseases, especially in colorectal surgery. Due to the radical principles of cancer treatment, the number of patients living with stoma is increasing. However, there is no study that quantitatively evaluates the stoma patients nationally. In this study, it was aimed to retrospectively evaluate the demographic data, indications, preferred types of stoma and the outcomes of patients who had a stoma formation in our country in the last three years. Method: In our country, there are 3 companies that operate in the field, provide materials for 95% of stoma patients. The data of patients who had a stoma between 2017 and 2019 were collected from these companies retrospectively by protecting personal privacy of patients. The distribution of indications and type of stoma acording to indications were determined. Average age, stoma closure rates and mortality rates were calculated. All data are presented as numbers and percentages and categorical variables are shown as median (minimum-maximum), continuous variables are shown as ± standard deviation. Results: The most common indication for stoma creation was colorectal malignancy (58.4%) and followed by mechanical bowel obstructions (29.6%). Other malignancies (4.16%), inflammatory causes (4.58%), traumatic causes (1.88%) and congenital anomalies (1.17%) constituted a total of 11% stoma indications. It was observed that. ostomies opened due to colorectal malignancy,were closed in 40% of patients with loop ileostomy, 30.1% of patients with loop colostomy, and only 13% of patients with end colostomy. Conclusion: We aimed to obtain a national perspective by evaluating the patients who had a stoma in the last 3 years and to show up the distribution of stoma formation indications in our country. We have determined the demographic data of patients with stoma and calculated the stoma closure and mortality rates according to stoma types. Although this study is a cross-sectional evaluation of patients in the whole country, weak point of our study is there are deficiencies in our evaluation due to the lack of retrospective data. We think that prospective studies should be planned by detailing subgroups.Amaç: Ülkemizde stomalı bireyleri niceliksel olarak inceleyen çalışma henüz bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada ülkemizde son üç yıl içinde stoma açılmış olan hastaların demografik verilerinin, endikasyonlarının, tercih edilen stoma tiplerinin ve hastaların akıbetlerinin retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Ülkemizde stoma alanında faaliyet göstermekte olan ve stoma hastalarının stoma malzemelerini sağlayan 3 firmanın 2017-2019 yılları arasında, malzeme temin ettiği stoma hastalarının bilgileri, kişisel verilerin gizliliği kurallarına dikkat edilerek retrospektif olarak derlenmiştir. Endikasyona göre hastalara hangi tip stoma açıldığı, bu hastaların cinsiyete göre dağılımı (minimum-maksimum), yaş ortalamaları, stoma kapatılma oranları, ölüm oranları hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular: En sık stoma oluşturma endikasyonunun kolorektal malignite olduğu ve tüm stomaların %58,4’ünü oluşturduğu görüldü. Bunu mekanik barsak tıkanıklıkları (%29,6) takip etmekte idi. Diğer maligniteler (%4,16), enflamatuvar sebepler (%4,58), travmatik sebepler (%1,88) ve doğumsalanomaliler (%1,17) toplamda yaklaşık %11 oranında stoma açılmasına endikasyon oluşturmaktaydı. Kolorektal malignite nedeni ile açılan stomalar değerlendirildiğinde loop ileostomi uygulanan hastların %40’ının, loop kolostomi uygulanan hastaların %30,1’inin stoması kapatılabilmişken, uç kolostomi uygulanan hastaların sadece %13’ünün stomasının kapatıldığı görülmüştür. Sonuç: Ülkemizde son 3 yıl içinde stoma açılmış olan hastaları değerlendirerek ulusal anlamda geniş bir perspektif elde etmeyi amaçladık. Stoma ile yaşamak durumunda olan hastaların demografik verilerini, kaçının stomasının kapatılabildiğini ve stoma tiplerine göre stoma kapatılma ve ölüm oranlarını tespit ettik. Stomalı bireylerin analizini gerçekleştirdiğimiz bu çalışma, ulusal anlamda gerçekleştirilen ilk çalışma olmasına rağmen, retrospektif verilerdeki eksiklikler nedeni ile değerlendirmemizde yetersizlikler mevcuttur. Alt grupların detaylandırılarak, prospektif özellikte çalışmaların planlanması gerektiğini düşünüyoruz

Relationships between site index and some edaphic and physographic factors of pure oriental spruce (picea orientalis link.) in Artvin Genya Mountain

Bu araştırma Artvin Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü, Artvin Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü, Merkez İşletme Şefliği sınırları içerisindeki Genya Dağı bölgesinde yayılış gösteren saf Doğu Ladini meşcerelerinde bonitet endeksi ile bazı edafik ve fizyografik özellikler arasındaki ilişkilerin saptanabilmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla Genya Dağı bölgesinde saf olarak yayılış gösteren Doğu Ladini meşcerelerinden 50 tane deneme alanı seçilmiş, her bir deneme alanına ilişkin fizyografik ve edafik özellikler belirlenmiştir. Toprağa ilişkin özelliklerin belirlenebilmesi için toprak profilleri açılmış ve örnekler alınmıştır. Ayrıca her bir deneme alanında meşcerelerin bonitet endeksi (100 yaşındaki üst boy) belirlenmiştir. Meşcere bonitet endeksi ile edafik ve fizyografik faktörler arasındaki ilişkiler korelasyon analizi ile sorgulanmıştır. Bu ekolojik etmenlerden eğim, fizyolojik toprak derinliği, mutlak toprak derinliği, Ah ve B horizonundaki kil ve kum miktarıları (%) ile bonitet endeksi arasında önemli ve anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuşturThe aim of this study is to explain relationships between site index and some edaphic and physiographic factors of pure oriental spruce (Picea orientalis Link.) in Genya mountain located in central Management district in Artvin State Forest Enterprise. In order to do this study, the fifty sample plots were selected from oriental pure spruce stands in Genya Mountain. Edaphic and physiographic factors in each sample plots were determined. The soil profiles were digged to determine some attributes relating to soil. Also site index of each plots were determined using average height of dominant and co-dominant trees at reference age at 100. The relationships between site index and edaphic and physiographic factors were investigated using correlation analysis Among these ecological factors; slope, physical soil depth, absolute soil depth, the amount of silt and clay in Ah and B Stratus shows significant relations with site index

Relationships between site index and some edaphic and physographic factors of pure oriental spruce (picea orientalis link.) in Artvin Genya Mountain

Bu araştırma Artvin Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü, Artvin Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü, Merkez İşletme Şefliği sınırları içerisindeki Genya Dağı bölgesinde yayılış gösteren saf Doğu Ladini meşcerelerinde bonitet endeksi ile bazı edafik ve fizyografik özellikler arasındaki ilişkilerin saptanabilmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla Genya Dağı bölgesinde saf olarak yayılış gösteren Doğu Ladini meşcerelerinden 50 tane deneme alanı seçilmiş, her bir deneme alanına ilişkin fizyografik ve edafik özellikler belirlenmiştir. Toprağa ilişkin özelliklerin belirlenebilmesi için toprak profilleri açılmış ve örnekler alınmıştır. Ayrıca her bir deneme alanında meşcerelerin bonitet endeksi (100 yaşındaki üst boy) belirlenmiştir. Meşcere bonitet endeksi ile edafik ve fizyografik faktörler arasındaki ilişkiler korelasyon analizi ile sorgulanmıştır. Bu ekolojik etmenlerden eğim, fizyolojik toprak derinliği, mutlak toprak derinliği, Ah ve B horizonundaki kil ve kum miktarıları (%) ile bonitet endeksi arasında önemli ve anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuşturThe aim of this study is to explain relationships between site index and some edaphic and physiographic factors of pure oriental spruce (Picea orientalis Link.) in Genya mountain located in central Management district in Artvin State Forest Enterprise. In order to do this study, the fifty sample plots were selected from oriental pure spruce stands in Genya Mountain. Edaphic and physiographic factors in each sample plots were determined. The soil profiles were digged to determine some attributes relating to soil. Also site index of each plots were determined using average height of dominant and co-dominant trees at reference age at 100. The relationships between site index and edaphic and physiographic factors were investigated using correlation analysis Among these ecological factors; slope, physical soil depth, absolute soil depth, the amount of silt and clay in Ah and B Stratus shows significant relations with site index

Puntos de vista de Maestros de Educación Física y Deportes que implementaron por primera vez un informe relacionado con el estado de la salud

The Health-Related Fitness Report Card (HRFRC) has been implemented first-time by physical education and sports teachers in the 2016-2017 academic year under the leadership of the Ministry of National Education in Turkey. The purpose of this study was to obtain the views of the physical education and sports teachers on the first time implemented HRFRC and the content of the fitness test. Participants were composed of 10 physical education and sports teachers with seniority between 2 and 30 years and actively working in the middle and high schools. Semi-structured in-depth individual interviews and field notes were chosen as the data collection tools. Collected data were analysed using the content analysis method. Identified themes are (1) Benefits of the Practice, (2) Reasons for Not Achieving the Objective of the Practice, (3) Challenges Experienced with the Practice, and (4) Recommendations for the Practice. Teachers emphasized that improving the quality of HRFRC training provided by the government, using standard materials for measurements, changing the time of the implementation, increasing the integration of stakeholders such as a nutritionist, health experts and families into implementation and providing a more confidential atmosphere in the implementation for increasing participation rate and the quality of the HRFRC.El Informe de estado físico relacionado con la salud (HRFRC) ha sido implementado por primera vez por profesores de educación física y deportes en el año académico 2016-2017 bajo la dirección del Ministerio de Educación Nacional en Turquía. El propósito de este estudio fue obtener los puntos de vista de los profesores de educación física y deportes en la HRFRC implementada por primera vez y el contenido de la prueba de aptitud física. Los participantes estuvieron compuestos por 10 maestros de educación física y deportes con antigüedad de entre 2 y 30 años y trabajando activamente en las escuelas intermedias y secundarias. Se eligieron entrevistas individuales en profundidad semiestructuradas y notas de campo como herramientas de recopilación de datos. Los datos recopilados se analizaron mediante el método de análisis de contenido. Los temas identificados son (1) Beneficios de la práctica, (2) Razones para no lograr el objetivo de la práctica, (3) Desafíos experimentados con la práctica y (4) Recomendaciones para la práctica. Los docentes enfatizaron que mejorar la calidad de la capacitación HRFRC brindada por el gobierno, usando materiales estándar para mediciones, cambiando el tiempo de implementación, aumentando la integración de partes interesadas como nutricionista, expertos en salud y familias en la implementación y proporcionando una atmósfera más confidencial en la implementación para aumentar la tasa de participación y la calidad de la HRFRC