Every real 3-manifold is real contact

A real 3-manifold is a smooth 3-manifold together with an orientation preserving smooth involution, which is called a real structure. A real contact 3-manifold is a real 3-manifold with a contact distribution that is antisymmetric with respect to the real structure. We show that every real 3-manifold can be obtained via surgery along invariant knots starting from the standard real $S^3$ and that this operation can be performed in the contact setting too. Using this result we prove that any real 3-manifold admits a real contact structure. As a corollary we show that any oriented overtwisted contact structure on an integer homology real 3-sphere can be isotoped to be real. Finally we give construction examples on $S^1\times S^2$ and lens spaces. For instance on every lens space there exists a unique real structure that acts on each Heegaard torus as hyperellipic involution. We show that any tight contact structure on any lens space is real with respect to that real structure.Comment: 26 pages, 10 figures. In the new version various mistakes were corrected, the Introduction has been improved, Proposition 1.2 and Corollary 1.5 added, the second subsection for Section 6 delete

Problems and solutions encountered in psychological counseling and guidance services: A metasynthesis study : Psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik servisinde karşılaşılan sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri: Bir metasentez çalışması

In this research, on guidance issues in the literature in Turkey, examining realized that qualitative article as a whole, the counselors, their problems bring problems rather than their guidance and is intended to reveal to synthesize suggestions to solve these problems. For this purpose, guidance service problems, school psychological counselor problems, guidance services were written to Web of Science, Ulakbim, Dergi Park, Google Academic databases and the article was scanned. Articles dealing with counseling services and solutions were included in the research. What are the articles in depth guided by guidance services; Inadequacy of physical provision and facilities, problems in the preparation and presentation of research, the problem of prejudice towards the school psychological counselor and services and problem themes related to guidance services policies. Later sub-problems related to these themes were created and solutions to these problems were classified from the articles included in the study. ​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.   Özet Bu araştırmada, alan yazında rehberlik hizmetleri sorunları konusunda, Türkiye’ de gerçekleştirilmiş nitel makale çalışmalarını bir bütün halinde inceleyip, psikolojik danışmanların, rehberlik hizmetlerini yerine getirme açısından yaşadıkları sorunları ve bu sorunların çözümüne yönelik önerileri sentezleyerek ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Web of Science, Ulakbim, Dergi Park, Google Akademik veri tabanlarına rehberlik hizmetleri sorunlar, okul psikolojik danışman sorunlar, rehberlik hizmetleri yazılarak makale çalışmaları taranmıştır. Rehberlik hizmetlerinin sorunları ve çözüm yollarını ele alan makaleler araştırmaya dahil edilmiştir. Makalelerin derinlemesine incelenmesi sonucunda rehberlik hizmetlerinin yürütülmesinde; fiziki koşullar ve imkanların yetersizliği, çalışmaların hazırlanması ve sunumunda yaşanan sorunlar, okul psikolojik danışmanının görevleri ve hizmetlere yönelik önyargı sorunu, rehberlik hizmetleri politikalarına ilişkin sorun temaları oluşturulmuştur. Daha sonra bu temalara ait alt sorunlar oluşturularak, çalışmaya dahil edilen makalelerden bu sorunların çözüm yolları sınıflandırılmıştır

The Study of the Cities in Turkey With Cluster Analysis According to Their Education Levels

DergiPark: 326698trakyasobedEducation is one of the important indicators determining the development levels of countries. Turkey produces politics and wills to catch the developed countries standards in that area.There are numbers of parameters to determine the education levels of the cities in Turkey. In that study, the education levels of the cities are defined with the rates of; illiterate, literate but haven’t finished a school, graduated from a primary school, graduated from a secondary school, graduated from a university, being a grad student, having a doctorate and unknown. Therefore, among the multivariete analysis methods cluster analysis is used for determining the similarities of the citiesÜlkelerin gelişmişlik düzeylerini belirleyen önemli göstergelerden biri de eğitimdir. Türkiye de bu alanda politakalar üretmekte ve gelişmiş ülkelerin standartlarına ulaşmak istemektedir. Bu bağlamda öncelikle okullaşma oranının artırılmasına yönelik politikalar ile her ilin eğitilmiş nüfusunun artırılması ve gelişme düzeyinin yükseltilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Türkiye’deki illerin eğitim düzeylerini belirleyen birden çok parametre vardır. Bu çalışmada illerin eğitim düzeyleri, okuma-yazma bilmeyen, okumayazma bilen fakat bir okul bitirmeyen, ilköğretim mezunu, ortaöğretim mezunu,yükseköğretim mezunu, yüksek lisans mezunu, doktora mezunu ve eğitim düzeyi bilinmeyen oranları yardımı ile tespit edilmeye çalışılacaktır. Bu nedenle illerin benzerliklerinin belirlenmesinde çok değişkenli istatistik analiz yöntemlerinden olan kümeleme analizi kullanılmıştır

The Effect of Organizational Culture On Organizational Commitment and A Research

Örgüt kültürü, örgütün tamamı tarafından paylaÄ¢ılan tüm değerlerdir. Örgütsel bağlılık ise iÄ¢görenlerin bulundukları örgütle olan bağın gücünü ifade etmektedir. Bağlılıktan bahsetmek için paylaÄ¢ılan değerler olması gerekmektedir. Bu değerler ne kadar güçlü ve büyük bir kitle tarafından benimsenirse bağlılığın o düzeyde artacağı düÄ¢ünülebilinir. Bu çalıÄ¢manın temel amacı, örgüt kültürünün örgüt bağlılığı üzerindeki etkisini ve iliÄ¢kisini belirlemektir. ÇalıÄ¢ma iki ana bölümden oluÄ¢maktadır. Birinci bölümde; örgüt kültürü ve örgütsel bağlılık kavramları arasındaki iliÄ¢ki ele alınmıÄ¢tır. Ä kinci bölüm ise araÄ¢tırma kapsamında yapılan anket çalıÄ¢ması olup, Ä zmir ili içindeki toplam 189 çalıÄ¢ana uygulanmıÄ¢tır.Organizational culture is the all values that shared by the whole of the organization. Organizational commitment is employees‟ strength of bond for the organization which they work for. There should be shared values for mentioned about commitment. If those values are adopted by a large number of people and if they are strong, the level of commitment will increase. The main purpose of this study is to determine the impact of organizational culture on commitment and the relationship. This study composed of two main parts. The first part consists of theoretical framework which explains organizational culture and commitment‟s relationship. The second part is devoted to empirical analysis. Survey study was made in this part which held on 189 employees in the province of Ä zmir

Consequences of neurite transection in vitro

WOS: 000309967300004PubMed ID: 20121423In order to quantify degenerative and regenerative changes and analyze the contribution of multiple factors to the outcome after neurite transection, we cultured adult mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons, and with a precise laser beam, we transected the nerve fibers they extended. Cell preparations were continuously visualized for 24 h with time-lapse microscopy. More distal cuts caused a more elongated field of degeneration, while thicker neurites degenerated faster than thinner ones. Transected neurites degenerated more if the uncut neurites of the same neuron simultaneously degenerated. If any of these uncut processes regenerated, the transected neurites underwent less degeneration. Regeneration of neurites was limited to distal cuts. Unipolar neurons had shorter regeneration than multipolar ones. Branching slowed the regenerative process, while simultaneous degeneration of uncut neurites increased it. Proximal lesions, small neuronal size, and extensive and rapid neurite degeneration were predictive of death of an injured neuron, which typically displayed necrotic rather than apoptotic form. In conclusion, this in vitro model proved useful in unmasking many new aspects and correlates of mechanically-induced neurite injury.Yuzuncu Yil University Directorate of Scientific Research Projects [TF073]This study was supported by the Yuzuncu Yil University Directorate of Scientific Research Projects (grant no. TF073)

GELİBOLU YARIMADASI’NIN KUZEYBATI KIYILARINDA ARAZİKULLANIMININ UZAKTAN ALGILAMA İLE İNCELENMESİ

Gelibolu Yarımadası’nın kuzeybatıkesiminde, Güneyli Köyü ve çevresinde yaklaşık 9.7 km uzunluğundaki kıyı şeridi ve gerisindeki kıyıbölgesinde, 1980’li yılların başından itibaren başlayan turizm faaliyetleri, arazi kullanımında önemli değişimlere yol açmıştır. Gelibolu-İstanbul karayolunun batısında kalan kıyıkesiminde genişbir alanda gözlenen hızlıyapılaşmanın yarattığıbu değişim farklıtarihlere ait hava fotoğrafları, topoğrafya haritalarıve uydu görüntülerinin Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri CBS ortamında değerlendirilmesi ile ortaya konmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular ikincil konutların 2.2 km2lik bir sahada yayıldığınıgöstermektedir. Diğer taraftan son 30 yılıaşkın sürede ikincil konut sayısındaki artışla birlikte tarım ve orman alanlarının % 10’luk bir daralmaya maruz kalmıştır

Protective effect of resveratrol against methotrexate-induced oxidative stress in the small intestinal tissues of rats

Kurt, Nezahat/0000-0002-1685-5332; Arslan, Aynur/0000-0001-5968-5823WOS: 000361557500026PubMed: 26379839The effect of resveratrol on the damage induced by methotrexate (MTX) in rat duodenum and jejunum tissue was investigated and evaluated in comparison with famotidine. the rats were divided into four groups as healthy group (HG), resveratrol+MTX (RMTX) group, famotidine+MTX (FMTX) group and the control group which received MTX (MTXC). RMTX group was given resveratrol 25 mg/kg and FMTX group famotidin 25 mg/kg, while MTXC and HG groups were orally administered distilled water once a day for 30 days. the rats in RMTX, FMTX and MTXC groups were given MTX of 5 mg/kg dose by the same way for 30 days. At the end of this period, amount of MDA, 8-OH/Gua and tGSH, and MPO gene expression were measured in the duodenal and jejunal tissues and the results were histopathologically evaluated. Resveratrol and famotidine were found to significantly prevent elevation of the MDA, 8-OH/Gua and MPO parameters with MTX and decrease of the levels of tGSH in the duodenal and jejunal tissues. Both drugs prevented severe damage to the villus and crypt epithelium in the duodenum and jejunum, congestion and hemorrhage, inflammatory cell infiltration and necrosis in the mucosa and submucosa due to MTX administration. Resveratrol could be considered in the clinical practice for treatment of the tissue damage in the intestines due to use of MTX, in comparison with famotidine. Resveratrol may be more advantageous than famotidine in long-term use against MTX toxicity since it does not inhibit gastric acid secretion

ASSESSING GENETIC DIVERSITY OF SOME POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.) GENOTYPES GROWN IN TURKEY USING THE AFLP MARKER TECHNIQUE

ABSTRACT In the present study, the level of polymorphism and the genetic relationships among 26 potato genotypes were studied by means of molecular markers using the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique. DNA was extracted from fresh leaves of the seedlings. Selective amplification products revealed a total of 191 polymorphic bands ranging from 8 to 45 for each combination. Scoring results were used to generate a tree in JMP software. The 26 samples formed six clades with varying number of members between one and eleven. Genetic distances among genotypes were calculated according to Jaccard's formula, in Phylip 3.0 software. According to the results of genetic distance, dendrogram showed that genotypes 6/7-4 and 6/7-2 were the closest genotypes with a genetic distance of 0.13. On the other hand, genotypes Posof-10 and Marabel were the most distinct from each other with a genetic distance value of 0.55. The AFLP marker results showed a great consistency along with their pedigrees indicating the AFLP technique as a useful tool in the calculation of genetic distance of the potato genotypes