Evaluation of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Existance with Molecular Methods in Sexually Active Women

Bu çalışmada, anormal smear tanısı konan hastalarda, smear ve biyopsi materyallerinde PCR yöntemi ile HPV DNA analizi yapılarak sonuçların biyopsi tanısıyla karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, yaşları 26 ile 74 arasında değişen 24 hasta üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ele alınan vakalardan patolojik değerlendirme sonucunda H-SIL, L-SIL veya ASCUS ile anormal smear tanısı konmuş hastalara kolposkopik biyopsi yapılarak örnekler elde edilmiş ve moleküler testler ile HPV varlığı araştırılmıştır. Kolposkopi öncesinde hastalara anket uygulanarak demografik bilgiler elde edilmiş ve HPV enfeksiyonuna neden olabilecek faktörlerin varlığı incelenmiştir. Anormal smear sonucuna sahip hastalardan alınan patolojik örneklerde, biyopsi tanısı %33’ünde serviks CA, %4’ünde H-SIL, %13’ünde L-SIL ve %50’si normal olarak bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, normal smear sonucuna sahip tüm hastaların %33’ünde HPV DNA belirlenmiş ve belirlenen HPV alt tipleri (HPV 16, HPV 18, HPV 31 ve HPV 58) arasında en yüksek oranda izlenen alt tipin HPV 16 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. HPV 16 bulunan 5 hastadan 4’ünün biyopsi tanısının serviks CA olduğu tespit edilmiş, kalan 1 hastanın ise H-SIL olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca, partner sayısı 1’den fazla olan kişilerde HPV pozitiflik oranının yüksek olduğu görülürken, HPV pozitif vakaların tamamının gravide sayısının üç veya üzeri olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada patolojik tanı yöntemleri ve mikrobiyolojik inceleme sonuçlarının tanıya katkısı ortaya konulmuş, tarama programlarının ve erken teşhisin önemi bir kez daha ortaya çıkarılmıştır.The aim of this study was to determine HPV DNA by PCR in smear and biopsy materials in patients with abnormal smear and to compare the results with biopsy. The study included 24 patients aged 26 to 74 years. Patients with H-SIL, L-SIL or ASCUS who were diagnosed with abnormal smear during the pathological evaluation were evaluated and the presence of HPV was investigated with molecular tests. Demographic information was obtained from patients before colposcopy and the presence of factors that may cause HPV infection were examined. In pathological specimens taken from patients with abnormal smear results, biopsy was diagnosed as cervical CA in 33%, H-SIL in 4%, L-SIL in 13%, and normal in 50% of patients. HPV DNA was determined, and it was observed that HPV 16 was the highest prevalence of HPV subtypes (HPV 16, HPV 18, HPV 31 and HPV 58). Of the 5 patients with HPV 16, 4 were found to have cervical CA, while the remaining 1 was H-SIL. In addition, the HPV positivity rate was higher in people with more than 1 partner, whereas the number of HPV positive cases was three or more in gravity. In this study; the contribution of pathological diagnostic methods and microbiological results to the diagnosis, and the importance of the scanning programs and early diagnosis was revealed

Prognostic factors for lymph node negative stage I and IIA non-small cell lung cancer: Multicenter experiences

Surgery is the only curative treatment for operable non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) and the importance of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage IB patients is unclear. Herein, we evaluated prognostic factors for survival and factors related with adjuvant treatment decisions for stage I and IIA NSCLC patients without lymph node metastasis. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 302 patients who had undergone curative surgery for prognostic factors regarding survival and clinicopathological factors related to adjuvant chemotherapy. Results: Nearly 90% of the patients underwent lobectomy or pneumonectomy with mediastinal lymph node resection. For the others, wedge resection were performed. The patients were diagnosed as stage IA in 35%, IB in 49% and IIA in 17%. Histopathological type (p=0.02), tumor diameter (p=0.01) and stage (p<0.001) were found to be related to adjuvant chemotherapy decisions, while operation type, lypmhovascular invasion (LVI), grade and the presence of recurrence were important factors in predicting overall survival (OS), and operation type, tumor size greater than 4 cm, T stage, LVI, and visceral pleural invasion were related with disease free survival (DFS). Multivariate analysis showed operation type (p<0.001, hazard ratio (HR):1.91) and the presence of recurrence (p<0.001, HR:0.007) were independent prognostic factors for OS, as well visceral pleural invasion (p=0.01, HR:0.57) and LVI (p=0.004, HR:0.57) for DFS. Conclusions: Although adjuvant chemotherapy is standard for early stage lymph node positive NSCLC, it has less clear importance in stage I and IIA patients without lymph node metastasis

The effect of different jaw positions on upper extremity performance, core endurance, and postural stability: A cross-sectional study

The jaw sensorimotor system has functional relationships with other parts of the body through neuroanatomical and biomechanical interactions. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of different jaw positions on upper extremity performance, core endurance, and postural stability. This cross-sectional study included 49 healthy young adults aged 18-28 years. Upper extremity performance was evaluated using the push-up test, core endurance was evaluated using the McGill’s Trunk Flexion and Extension Test and postural stability was evaluated using the Balance Error Scoring System. All assessments were made with resting jaw and clenching jaw positions. There was no significant difference in the Push-up test and Balance Error Scoring System scores in different jaw positions (p>0.05). The Mcgill trunk flexion test and extension test performance were found to be better in the clenched jaw position (p=0.017, p=0.035, respectively). The results of this study showed that jaw clenching increases core endurance time. This result should be taken into account when planning an evaluation and rehabilitation program for the core area