Premarital screening of 466 Mediterranean women for serum ferritin, vitamin B12, and folate concentrations

Background/aim: Iron, folate, and vitamin B12 serum levels are closely related with dietary habits and have an essential role in the healthy development of a fetus. We aimed to investigate hemoglobin, ferritin, folate, and vitamin B12 levels in preconceptional women in an area where a plant-based diet referred to as Mediterranean cuisine is commonly used. Materials and methods: The study population included 466 women between the ages of 18 and 45 years admitted for thalassemia screening. Sociodemographic variables and history of menometrorrhagia, pica, and dietary habits were collected. Serum vitamin B12, folate, ferritin, and hemoglobin levels were measured. Ferritin of <12 μg/L, vitamin B12 of <200 pg/mL, and folate of <4 ng/mL were accepted as deficiencies. Hemoglobin level of <12 g/dL was classified as anemia. Results: Polymenorrhea was present in 11.7% and hypermenorrhea in 24.8% of women. Anemia was detected in 24.9% and thalassemia trait in 3.0% of women. Low ferritin levels were observed in 46.1%, vitamin B12 in 21.6%, and folate in 3.4% of women. In the group with low vitamin B12, decreased meat consumption was more prevalent (27.5% vs. 16.9%; P = 0.019). Conclusion: Vitamin B12 and iron are the main micronutrients depleted in our community. This necessitates implementing a public health program for women consuming a Mediterranean diet. © TÜBİTA

Effects of air-polishing powders on color stability of composite resins

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different air-polishing powders on the color stability of different types of composite resin restorative materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty cylindrical specimens (15×2 mm) were prepared for each of 7 composite resin restorative materials. All specimens were polished with a series of aluminum oxide polishing discs (Sof-Lex). The prepared specimens of each composite resin were randomly divided into 3 groups of 10 specimens each, for control (Group-C) and two air-powder applications (Group-CP: Cavitron Prophy-Jet; Group-PS: Sirona ProSmile prophylaxis powder). A standard air-polishing unit (ProSmile Handly) was used. All specimens were air-powdered for 10 s at 4-bar pressure. The distance of the spray nosel from the specimens was approximately 10 mm and angulation of the nosel was 90°. Specimens were stored in 100 mL of coffee (Nescafe Classic) for 24 h at 37°C. Color measurement of all specimens was recorded before and after exposure to staining agent with a colorimeter (Minolta CR-300). Color differences (&#8710;E*) between the 2 color measurements (baseline and after 24 h storage) were calculated. The data were analyzed with a 2-way ANOVA test, and mean values were compared by the Tukey HSD test (

Büyük Menderes Havzasında Organik Pamuk Üretim Olanaklarının Araştırılması

Bu araştırma Büyük Menderes Havzasında Organik Pamuk Üretim Olanaklarının araştırılması amacıyla 2003-2007 yıllarında, Nazilli Pamuk Araştırma Enstitüsünde, tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde, 4 tekrarlamalı yürütülmüştür. Deneme Konuları organik yeşil gübre bitkisi A-arpa, B-arpa+fiğ, C-fiğ(konvansiyonel ekim), D-fiğ(son sulamada ekim) ve E-Kontrol (konvansiyonel pamuk üretim), olarak ele alınmıştır. Araştırmada 2003-2004 yıllarında deneme alanını sömürtmede mısır, 2005-2007 yıllarında organik pamuk üretiminde Nazilli 84-S çeşidi yetiştirilmiştir. Parseller 67,2m² alınmıştır. Deneme parsellerine organik yeşil gübreleme amacıyla Sonbaharda arpa ve fiğ ekilmiş, İlkbaharda pamuk ekim öncesi parçalanıp toprağa karıştırılmıştır. Pamuğa konusuna göre mineral veya organik gübre ve 3-4 sulama uygulanmıştır. Hasat bir defada elle yapılmıştır. Ekim ve hasat dönemlerinde toprağın su ile doymuşluk, toplam tuz%, pH, kireç%, yarayışlı fosfor, yarayışlı potasyum, organik madde %, toplam azot ve Fe,Cu,Zn, Mn,Pb,Cr,Cd,Ni analizleri yapılmıştır. Pamuk parsellerinde fide, koza olgunlaşma, hasat dönemlerinde zararlı ve yabancı ot; %5-10, %50-%60 koza açma döneminde yapraktan; hasattan sonra gövde kesitinde solgunluk hastalık sayımları yapılmıştır. Pamukta verim, çırçır randımanı, uzunluk, incelik, mukavemet analizleri yapılmıştır. Pamuk verim varyans analizinde, konular 2005-2006 yıllarında %99 güvenle farklı, 2007 yılında farksız bulunmuştur. Verimde C-D-E konuları ön sıralarda yer almış, 3 yıllık ortalama verimler sırasıyla 285,4-309,5-293,1 Kg/da olmuştur. Organik pamuk yetiştiriciliğinde organik pamuk verimi ile konvansiyonel pamuk verimi ayni grupta yer almıştır. Sonuçlar Büyük Menderes havzasında organik pamuk yetiştiriciliğinin yapılabilir olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu durum organik tarım ve çevre sağlı açısından büyük önem arz etmektedir

Correlation between depression and eating attitudes and behaviors among those who performed regular physical activitiesDüzenli fiziksel aktivite yapan bireylerde depresyon ve yeme tutum ve davranışları ilişkisi

The current study aimed at identifying correlational status between depression level and eating attitudes and behaviors among those who performed regular physical activities. The study designed in descriptive model was done with relational screening model. The sample of the study was composed of 294 individuals who performed regular physical activities at least three days a week in Afyonkarahisar Province. The data of the study were collected using a questionnaire consisted of Personal Information Form, Eating Attitudes Scale and Beck Depression Inventory. The data were processed with SPSS.  The distribution of the data was assessed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. As a result of test; it was seen that the data did not follow a normal distribution and thus were analyzed with non-parametric tests. For the data analyses; descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U-Test, Kruskal Wallis H- Test and Spearman Correlation coefficients were employed.According to the findings, it was found that those who performed physical activities regularly had no depression and had normal eating behavior in the 72.45%' s of the individuals and abnormal eating behavior  detected in the 27.55% of the individuals. Besides; it was found that there was statistically significant difference in eating attitudes and behaviors in terms of sex variable but there was not statistically significant difference in depression level in terms of sex variable. As for sports history; there was no statistically significant difference in eating attitudes and behaviors while there was statistically significant difference in depression levels.As a result; it was detected that there was a positive relationship between depression levels with eating behavior and attitudes in the individuals who performed regular physical activity. ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı düzenli fiziksel aktivite yapan bireylerin yeme tutum davranışları ile depresyon düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Bu çalışma betimsel araştırma türü olup, ilişkisel tarama yöntemi ile yapıldı. Örneklem grubunu Afyonkarahisar ilinde haftada en az 3 gün düzenli fiziksel aktivite yapan 294 birey oluşturdu. Araştırma verileri; kişisel bilgiler, Beck Depresyon Envanteri (BDE) ve Yeme Davranışları Testinden (EAT-26) oluşan anket formu ile elde edildi. Veriler SPSS paket programında değerlendirildi. Verilerin analizinde öncelikle tanımlayıcı istatistikler yapıldı. Verilerin Dağılımı Kolmogorov-Smirnov testi ile değerlendirildi. Test sonucunda verilerin normal dağılım göstermediği saptanmış olup, verilerin analizinde parametrik olmayan testlerden, Mann Whitney U-Testi ve Spearman korelasyon katsayısı kullanıldı.Araştırma sonucunda düzenli Fiziksel Aktivite (FA) yapan bireylerin %72,45’inde “normal yeme davranışı, %27,55’inde ise “anormal yeme davranışı” olduğu saptanmıştır. Bireylerin % 79,93’ünde depresyon olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Cinsiyet’e göre bireylerin yeme davranışlarında farklılık olduğu (p&lt;0,01), ancak depresyon durumlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca spor geçmişlerine göre bireylerin yeme davranışlarında bir farklılık olmadığı, depresyon düzeylerinde ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık olduğu belirlenmiştir (p&lt;0,05).Sonuç olarak; düzenli FA yapan bireylerin depresyon düzeyleri ile yeme davranışları arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğu belirlendi

Evaluation of Emergency Interhospital Patient Transfers from Province of Mardin to Out-of-Province Hospitals in a Year

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to assess patients who were transferred from emergency services throughout the province of Mardin to out-of-province hospitals by ambulance in a year. Material and Methods: In this study, all patients transferred from emergency services in the province of Mardin to out-of-province hospitals via ambulances by the Patient Referral Assessment Committee, founded under the Provincial Directorate of Health, between the dates of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2011 were evaluated retrospectively. No exclusion criteria were used. Patients were grouped and analyzed according to their demographic characteristics, transport properties, and reasons for referral. Results: The total number of the patients included in the study was 1518 (55.8% males, 41±27 mean age). Of all, 621 patients (40.9%) were transferred from the center of Mardin province, and the other patients were transferred from 8 district hospitals and two private hospitals. It was found that the patients were transferred to 37 hospitals in 8 provinces, and a total of 562 patients (37%) were transferred to private hospitals. Cardiology (23.3%), pediatrics (11.5%), and obstetrics and gynecology (8.8%) departments were the first three clinics that patients were transferred to frequently, respectively. In total, 274 patients (18.1%) were transferred inappropriately. There was a statistically significant difference between patients&apos; transfer hospitals (state hospital/private hospital) and the age of the patients (younger than 18 years/18 years or older) (p&lt;0.001). In addition, the rate of adult patients&apos; transfers to tertiary healthcare centers was significantly higher (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: In Mardin, cardiology, pediatrics and obstetrics and gynecology patients are the most common group of emergency patients transferred by 112 ambulances to out-of-province hospitals. Approximately 40% of the patients were transferred to private hospitals. Inappropriate patient transfers seem to be a major problem in this study, as in other studies conducted in Turkey. (JAEM 2014; 13: 62-6

A one-year prevalence of mental disorder in Konya E Type Closed Prison

Bu çalışmada, Konya E Tipi kapalı cezaevinde ki mahkumlarda DSM-IV ölçütlerine göre psikiyatrik bozuklukların 1 yıllık yaygınlık oranlarını araştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya katılan 305 mahkum ile CIDI (Uluslararası Bileşik Tanı Çizelgesi ) 2.1. 12 aylık versiyonu kullanılarak görüşülmüştür. Madde kullanımı ile ilişkili bozukluklar için ise CIDI 2.1. yaşam boyu versiyonu kullanılmıştır. Sosyodemografik özellikleri belirlemek için kendi geliştirdiğimiz kişisel bilgi formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin istatistiksel değerlendirilmesi SPSS programında ki-kare testi ile yapılmıştır. Çalışmamızda %50.5 ile nikotin bağımlılığı en yaygın görülen psikiyatrik bozuklukken bunu %22 ile major depresyon, %16.7 ile nikotin yoksunluğu ve %15.1 ile posttravmatik stres bozukluğu izlemiştir. Alkol bağımlılığı %19.7 ile en yaygın görülen madde kullanımı ile ilişkili bozukluk olup bunu %14.8 ile alkol kötüye kullanımı ve %7.9 ile diğer madde bağımlılıkları (alkol, nikotin hariç) izlemiştir. Çalışmamızın sonucunda cezaevindeki mahkumlarda psikiyatrik bozuklukların yaygınlığı genel nüfusa oranla yüksek saptanmıştır. Ruhsal bozukluğa sahip insanların genel topluma göre daha fazla suç işledikleri ve daha fazla tutuklandıkları bildirilmektedir. Bununla beraber stres oluşturan 60cezaevi ortamıda mahkumlarda psikiyatrik bozuklukların ortaya çıkmasına neden olabilir. Cezaevlerinde koşulların iyileştirilmesi ve mahkumların psikolojik olarak desteklenmesinin ruhsal bozuklukların azalmasında rol oynayabileceği düşünülmektedir. 8. SUMMARY This study was aimed to determine one year prevalence of psychiatric disorders in inmates according to DSM-IV criteria. Three hundred five inmates who stay in prison, were interviewed using 12-month version of CID1 2.1 (Composite International Diagnostic Interview). CIDI 2.1 life-time version was used for substance related disorders. Sociodemographic features were gathered through a personal information form developed by the researchers. The statistical evaluations of data were done by Chi-square test in the SPSS for Windows program In our study the most common psychiatric disorder is nicotine dependence which is about 50.5 %. Other most common disorders were major depression with 22 % and nicotine withdrawal with 16.7 % and posttraumatic stress disorder 15.1 %. Alcohol dependence is the most common substance related disorders (19.7 % ). Other most common substance related disordersCezaevi ortamıda mahkumlarda psikiyatrik bozuklukların ortaya çıkmasına neden olabilir. Cezaevlerinde koşulların iyileştirilmesi ve mahkumların psikolojik olarak desteklenmesinin ruhsal bozuklukların azalmasında rol oynayabileceği düşünülmektedir. 8. SUMMARY This study was aimed to determine one year prevalence of psychiatric disorders in inmates according to DSM-IV criteria. Three hundred five inmates who stay in prison, were interviewed using 12-month version of CID1 2.1 (Composite International Diagnostic Interview). CIDI 2.1 life-time version was used for substance related disorders. Sociodemographic features were gathered through a personal information form developed by the researchers. The statistical evaluations of data were done by Chi-square test in the SPSS for Windows program In our study the most common psychiatric disorder is nicotine dependence which is about 50.5 %. Other most common disorders were major depression with 22 % and nicotine withdrawal with 16.7 % and posttraumatic stress disorder 15.1 %. Alcohol dependence is the most common substance related disorders (19.7 % ). Other most common substance related disorderswere alcohol abuse with 14.8 % and other substance dependences with 7.9 %. (except alcohol and nicotine ) Psychiatric disorders are higher than that observed in general population. It has been reported that people who have paychiatric disorders have more offenses and more arrest rate than general population. Nevertheless, the prison environment which causes stress, can lead some psychiatric disorders in people who serve a sentence. It has been thought that the conditions in prisons are improved and that the inmates can be supported psychologically, psychiatric disorders may lessen in this population

Volatile compounds in the leaf of plane tree (Platanus orientalis) with solid phase microextraction (SPME) technique

Plane tree belongs to Platanaceae family. There is a widespread belief that Platanus orientalis leaves (POLs) have beneficial effects on joint disorders. Therefore, many people consume POLs as tea. To our knowledge, as there is no study on volatile compounds (VCs) of POLs, we objected to determine the VCs in POLs obtained from Platanus orientalis trees grown in Hatay province, Turkey. The VCs were extracted using solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 140 VCs were found in POLs. Aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, terpenes and alkenes were determined in POLs as major VCs groups, which accounted for 32.40 %, 23.51 %, 18.08 %, 10.24 % and 4.82 % of total VCs identified, respectively. Trans, trans-2,4-heptadienal (6.62 %), nonanal (6.46 %), benzaldehyde (6.42 %), cis-3-hexen-1-ol (6.32 %), benzenemethanol (6.13 %) were the most abundant VCs identified in POLs. Trans-2-hexenal (3.46 %), 3-phenyl-2-butanone (2.87 %), trans-3,5-dimethyl-1,6-octadiene (2.80 %), 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (2.56 %), octan-1-ol (2.43 %), trans-geranyl acetone (2.17 %), trans-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (1.98 %), phenyl methyl ketone (1.69 %), 6-methyl-3,5-heptadiene-2-one (1.57 %) were the second most plentiful compounds found in POLs. 11H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepin-11-one,5,10-dihydro-5-[3-(methylamino)propyl] (1.38 %), benzeneethanol (1.36 %) and ?-ionone (1.02 %) were found as the third most abundant VCs. The above-mentioned VCs were accounted for about 57 % of total VCs identified in POLs. The remaining VCs were below 1.00 % that is, found at trace levels. According to the VCs profiles of POL, its beneficial effects on health may be due to aldehydes, alcohols, ketones and terpenes.Plane tree belongs to Platanaceae family. There is a widespread belief that Platanus orientalis leaves (POLs) have beneficial effects on joint disorders. Therefore, many people consume POLs as tea. To our knowledge, as there is no study on volatile compounds (VCs) of POLs, we objected to determine the VCs in POLs obtained from Platanus orientalis trees grown in Hatay province, Turkey. The VCs were extracted using solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 140 VCs were found in POLs. Aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, terpenes and alkenes were determined in POLs as major VCs groups, which accounted for 32.40 %, 23.51 %, 18.08 %, 10.24 % and 4.82 % of total VCs identified, respectively. Trans, trans-2,4-heptadienal (6.62 %), nonanal (6.46 %), benzaldehyde (6.42 %), cis-3-hexen-1-ol (6.32 %), benzenemethanol (6.13 %) were the most abundant VCs identified in POLs. Trans-2-hexenal (3.46 %), 3-phenyl-2-butanone (2.87 %), trans-3,5-dimethyl-1,6-octadiene (2.80 %), 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (2.56 %), octan-1-ol (2.43 %), trans-geranyl acetone (2.17 %), trans-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (1.98 %), phenyl methyl ketone (1.69 %), 6-methyl-3,5-heptadiene-2-one (1.57 %) were the second most plentiful compounds found in POLs. 11H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepin-11-one,5,10-dihydro-5-[3-(methylamino)propyl] (1.38 %), benzeneethanol (1.36 %) and ?-ionone (1.02 %) were found as the third most abundant VCs. The above-mentioned VCs were accounted for about 57 % of total VCs identified in POLs. The remaining VCs were below 1.00 % that is, found at trace levels. According to the VCs profiles of POL, its beneficial effects on health may be due to aldehydes, alcohols, ketones and terpenes

Volatile compounds in the leaf of plane tree (Platanus orientalis) with solid phase microextraction (SPME) technique

Plane tree belongs to Platanaceae family. There is a widespread belief that Platanus orientalis leaves (POLs) have beneficial effects on joint disorders. Therefore, many people consume POLs as tea. To our knowledge, as there is no study on volatile compounds (VCs) of POLs, we objected to determine the VCs in POLs obtained from Platanus orientalis trees grown in Hatay province, Turkey. The VCs were extracted using solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 140 VCs were found in POLs. Aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, terpenes and alkenes were determined in POLs as major VCs groups, which accounted for 32.40 %, 23.51 %, 18.08 %, 10.24 % and 4.82 % of total VCs identified, respectively. Trans, trans-2,4-heptadienal (6.62 %), nonanal (6.46 %), benzaldehyde (6.42 %), cis-3-hexen-1-ol (6.32 %), benzenemethanol (6.13 %) were the most abundant VCs identified in POLs. Trans-2-hexenal (3.46 %), 3-phenyl-2-butanone (2.87 %), trans-3,5-dimethyl-1,6-octadiene (2.80 %), 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (2.56 %), octan-1-ol (2.43 %), trans-geranyl acetone (2.17 %), trans-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (1.98 %), phenyl methyl ketone (1.69 %), 6-methyl-3,5-heptadiene-2-one (1.57 %) were the second most plentiful compounds found in POLs. 11H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepin-11-one,5,10-dihydro-5-[3-(methylamino)propyl] (1.38 %), benzeneethanol (1.36 %) and ?-ionone (1.02 %) were found as the third most abundant VCs. The above-mentioned VCs were accounted for about 57 % of total VCs identified in POLs. The remaining VCs were below 1.00 % that is, found at trace levels. According to the VCs profiles of POL, its beneficial effects on health may be due to aldehydes, alcohols, ketones and terpenes.Plane tree belongs to Platanaceae family. There is a widespread belief that Platanus orientalis leaves (POLs) have beneficial effects on joint disorders. Therefore, many people consume POLs as tea. To our knowledge, as there is no study on volatile compounds (VCs) of POLs, we objected to determine the VCs in POLs obtained from Platanus orientalis trees grown in Hatay province, Turkey. The VCs were extracted using solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 140 VCs were found in POLs. Aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, terpenes and alkenes were determined in POLs as major VCs groups, which accounted for 32.40 %, 23.51 %, 18.08 %, 10.24 % and 4.82 % of total VCs identified, respectively. Trans, trans-2,4-heptadienal (6.62 %), nonanal (6.46 %), benzaldehyde (6.42 %), cis-3-hexen-1-ol (6.32 %), benzenemethanol (6.13 %) were the most abundant VCs identified in POLs. Trans-2-hexenal (3.46 %), 3-phenyl-2-butanone (2.87 %), trans-3,5-dimethyl-1,6-octadiene (2.80 %), 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (2.56 %), octan-1-ol (2.43 %), trans-geranyl acetone (2.17 %), trans-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (1.98 %), phenyl methyl ketone (1.69 %), 6-methyl-3,5-heptadiene-2-one (1.57 %) were the second most plentiful compounds found in POLs. 11H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepin-11-one,5,10-dihydro-5-[3-(methylamino)propyl] (1.38 %), benzeneethanol (1.36 %) and ?-ionone (1.02 %) were found as the third most abundant VCs. The above-mentioned VCs were accounted for about 57 % of total VCs identified in POLs. The remaining VCs were below 1.00 % that is, found at trace levels. According to the VCs profiles of POL, its beneficial effects on health may be due to aldehydes, alcohols, ketones and terpenes

Synthesis of novel benzimidazole derivatives and the studies on their leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitory activities

LT ler kardiyovasküler ve alerjik hastalıkların patofizyolojisinde önemli rol oynayan mediyatörlerdir. LT biyosentezinin ilk aşamasında integral membran proteini FLAP, hem AA için hem de 5-LO için bağlanma noktası görevi görür. Yakın zamanda aydınlatılan FLAP x-ray kristal yapısı, LT biyosentezini inhibe eden yeni moleküllerin geliştirilmesine olanak sağlamaktadır. Bu amaçla, benzimidazol ana yapısına bağlı kalarak, otuz iki adet bileşik tasarlanıp sentezlenmiş ve bu bileşiklerin insan PMNL hücrelerinde LT biyosentezi inhibisyon etkileri araştırılmıştır. Sentezlenen bileşiklerin yapıları spektral ve elementel analiz verileriyle kanıtlanmıştır. Elde edilen otuz iki bileşiğin LT biyosentez inhibisyonu etkileri değerlendirildiğinde, 1-(2-klorobenzil)-2-(1-(4-izobütilfenil)etil)-5-metoksi-1H-benzimidazol (6e), LT biyosentezini 0.12 µM IC50 değerinde inhibe ederek en etkili türev olarak bulunmuştur. Bunun yanında, 1-(2-klorobenzil)-2-[1-(4-izobütilfenil)-etil]-1H-benzimidazol-5-ol (7e) ve 1-(2-klorobenzil)-2-[1-(4-izobütilfenil)etil]-5-(piridin-2-il-metoksi)-1H benzimidazol (9e) için LT biyosentezi inhibisyonu IC50 değerleri sırasıyla 0.19 µM ve 0.18 µM olarak hesaplanmıştır. Moleküler modelleme çalışmaları ile seçilen bileşiklerin FLAP aktif bölgesiyle etkileşimleri incelenmiş daha ileri araştırmalar için ipuçları elde edilmiştir.LTs have important pathophysiological roles in inflammatory, cardiovascular and allergic diseases. The first committed step in the synthesis of leukotrienes involves the function of integral membran protein FLAP to transfer AA to 5-LO. The recent elucidation of FLAP x-ray crystal structure caused increased interest for development of new LT biosynthesis inhibitors for treatment of inflammatory diseases. For this purpose, we decided to synthesize new compounds that may exhibit the inhibition of LT biosynthesis in human PMNL. By keeping the main benzimidazole structure, thirty two novel compunds were synthesized. Their sturctures were fully elucidated using spectral techniques and elemental analysis. The obtained thirty two final compunds reported herein were evaluated for their ability to inhibit LT biosynthesis in human PMNL. The compund 6e (1-(2-chlorobenzyl)-2-(1-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethyl)-5-methoxy-1H-benzimidazole) was found to be a potent inhibitor of LT biosynthesis with 0.12 µM. In addition, 1-(2-chlorobenzyl)-2-(1-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethyl)-1H-benzdimidazol-5-ol (7e) and 1-(2-chlorobenzyl)-2-(1-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethyl)-5-(pyridin-2-ylmethoxy)-1H-benzimidazole (9e) derivatives also potently inhibited LT biosynthesis with IC50 values 0.19 µM and 0.18 µM, respectively. By using molecular modeling approaches, molecular binding patterns of selected compounds with FLAP active site resulted insight for further studies

Podcast applications in pre-service language teacher education from a constructivist perspective

This study aims to investigate the perceptions of pre-service English language teachers towards the use of podcasts. In addition, it surveys to what extent the pre-service language teachers use Web 2 tools in their academic lives as well as in their personal lives and their views on the benefits and drawbacks of podcasts. The Teaching Language Skills Course designed specifically for the third year pre-service teachers is blended with podcasting in a web-based platform. Twenty-two pre-service language teachers who take the course constitute the working group. The theoretical background of this study is based on social constructivism and a mixed method research design is used. The questionnaire and face-to-face interviews are held at the beginning and the results are compared to see if there is a significant change. Results show that participants have a positive view of podcasts in general and have a tendency to use the podcasts in their following teaching career. © 2018 SciencePark Research, Organization & Counseling. All rights reserved.SBA-2015-3317This study was funded by Cukurova University Research Fund under the Project Number SBA-2015-3317. The authors would also like to thank all the course participants for participating voluntarily in this MA study