Are BPA-free plastics safe for aquatic life? - Fluorene-9-bisphenol induced thyroid-disrupting effects and histopathological alterations in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Fluorene-9-bisphenol (BPFL) is used as an alternative compound for bisphenol A, an endocrine disruptor compound which is present in various materials including plastic bottles and packaging. Although it is used extensively in products that are labelled BPA-free, its effect on wildlife and humans have not been fully studied. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of BPFL in adult zebrafish. In the preliminary experiments of the study, the median lethal concentration value (LC50) of BPFL was 0.25 mg/L (95 % confidence interval 0.15–0.41) for 96 h. Following exposure to three different sublethal concentrations of BPFL after 96 h and 15 days, T4 hormone levels, expression levels of genes involved in thyroid metabolism and histopathological alterations were assessed. T4 hormone levels were found to be significantly higher in females at the lowest BPFL concentration following 96 h exposure (P < 0.05). Expression levels of trh, tshba and trhrb genes were upregulated following 96 h exposure at 0.025 mg/L concentration and crh was upregulated following 15 days exposure at 0.025 mg/L concentration in female zebrafish (P < 0.05). The most prominent histopathological findings in zebrafish exposed to 0.025 and 0.125 mg/L of BPFL were observed in the gill, liver, kidney and testis tissues. The gill tissues showed some hyperemia, lamellar fusion, hyperplasia, epithelial lifting, and telangiectasis, while passive hyperemia, hydropic degeneration, and necrosis were observed in the liver tissues. The BPFL is highly toxic to zebrafish even in sublethal concentrations according to the molecular and histopathological responses. © 2022 Elsevier Inc

An alternative method for analysing buckling of laminated composite beams

U radu su primjenom Gâteauxove derivacije izvedena dva nova funkcionala kako bi se provela analiza izvijanja simetričnih križno uslojenih ravnih lameliranih kompozitnih greda. Funkcional sadrži četiri nezavisne varijable, a to su progib, rotacija, poprečna sila i moment savijanja za Timošenkovu gredu, te dvije nezavisne varijable, progib i moment savijanja, za Euler-Bernoullijevu gredu. Mogućnost primjene i učinkovitost predložene mješovite formulacije konačnih elemenata prikazana je na nekoliko numeričkih primjera.In this study, two new functionals are derived based on Gâteaux differential in order to analyse buckling of symmetric cross-ply laminated composite straight beams. The functional comprises four independent variables, i.e. deflection, rotation, shear force and bending moment for Timoshenko beam, and two independent variables, deflection and bending moment, for Euler-Bernoulli beam. The application possibilities and performance of the proposed mixed finite element formulation are presented on several numerical examples

Tatlısu ekosisteminde endişe yaratan kirleticiler: Türkiye’den bir vaka çalışması

The current study evaluated certain emerging contaminants in the Susurluk sub-basin, an area under significant anthropogenic pollution pressure. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organochlorine insecticides, and microplastics were investigated both from surface and sediment samples collected in dry and wet seasons. γ-HCH and β-HCH were detected in the dry season from Kocaçay River reaching the Marmara Sea. Dieldrin concentrations were also very high in river sediments during the dry season. Nilüfer Stream is a significant waterway close to industrial and urban areas and under impact of pollution due to high concentrations of PCBs, DDT, and its’ metabolites. Sediment samples contained higher levels of contaminants: DDT and metabolites were found in sediments from almost all stations. According to the Hazard quotient coefficient, all detected pollutants were found to be >1, indicating a high risk in the river system. Fiber was the dominant microplastic. The water quality of Nilüfer Stream was poor/bad in quality both in dry and wet seasons, while Kocaçay River was moderate and poor/bad quality in dry and wet seasons, respectively. The findings of bacterial growth augmented and worsened water quality in the river basin with coliforms dominating, as assessed at the genus/species level and were very abundant.Bu çalışma, önemli antropojenik kirlilik baskısı altındaki bir alan olan Susurluk alt havzasında ortaya çıkan bazı endişe yaratan kirleticiler değerlendirmiştir. Kurak ve yağışlı mevsimlerde toplanan yüzey ve sediman örneklerinde poliklorlu bifeniller (PCBler), polibromlu bifeniller difenil eterler (PBDEler), organoklorlu insektisitler ve mikroplastikler araştırılmıştır. γ-HCH and β-HCH, Kocaçay Nehri’nin Marmara Denizi’ne dökülen bölgesinde kurak mevsimde tespit edilmiştir. Dieldrin konsantrasyonları da kurak mevsim boyunca nehir sedimanlarında çok yüksektir. Nilüfer çayı endüstriyel ve kentsel alanlara yakın olan önemli bir su yoludur ve yüksek konsantrasyondaki PCBler, DDT ve metabolitleri nedeniyle kirlilik etkisi altındadır. Sediman örnekleri daha yüksek seviyede kirletici içermektedir: DDT ve metabolitleri neredeyse tüm istasyonlardan alınan sediman örneklerinde bulunmuştur. Tehlike oranı katsayısına (Hazard Quotient) göre tesbit edilen tüm kirleticiler >1 olarak bulunmuş ve bu da nehir sisteminde yüksek risk olduğunu göstermiştir. Mikroplastikler içinde fiber en baskın olanıdır. Nilüfer Çayı’nın su kalitesi hem kurak hem de yağışlı sezonda kötü iken, Kocaçay Nehri’nin su kalitesi kurak mevsimde orta ve yağışlı mevsimde kötüdür. Cins/tür düzeyinde değerlendirildiğinde koliformların hakim olduğu ve çok miktarda olan bakteriyel büyüme bulguları da nehir havzasındaki su kalitesini kötüleştirmiştir

Distinctively Different Phenotypes of Two Cases with a Rare Karyotype of 45,X/47,XYY Mosaicism: Case Report and Literature Review

The 45,X/47,XYY mosaicism is an extremely rare genetic disorder with highly phenotypic manifestations such as ovotesticular disorders of sexual development, mixed gonadal dysgenesis and Turner syndrome. Herein, we report two cases with very distinctive phenotypes despite having the same sex chromosome mosaicism of 45,X/47,XYY. It should be kept in mind that the rare type of sex chromosome mosaicism of 45,X/47,XYY may present with genital phenotypes ranging from normal female to male characteristics

Investigation of perceived stress and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in shooters according to some variables

&lt;p&gt;Attention, focus and concentration are vital components of shooting. Therefore, Attention Deficit Disorder and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) as well as perceived stress are among the factors that significantly affect an athlete's performance. This study aims to examine the cases of ADHD and PS in shooters and the correlation between these two variables. The study was conducted with 200 shooters. The ASRS was administered to measure ADHD of the participants and the PSS was used to measure their PS levels. Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman correlation, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analyzes were performed. The findings of study revealed the ASRS and PSS total and sub-dimension scores of the shooters were found to be low. According to gender results, the ASRS and PSS scores of female athletes were significantly higher than those of males (p &lt; .05). Also, it was found a positive and significant correlation between the total scores of ASRS and PSS of the shooters (rspearman = 0.47, p &lt; 0.00). According to the SEM results, ADHD has a positive effect of 0.66 on PS. In conclusion, it is believed that shooting sports positively affect ADHD and PS by minimizing their symptoms since they require high levels of attention, also, it would be beneficial to direct individuals with ADHD to sports that require focus, such as shooting.&lt;/p&gt

Intrapericardial pneumonectomy for unicentric hilar castleman disease.

Introduction: The intrapulmonary involvement of Castleman disease is extremely rare with very few cases reported in the literature. Case report: We present a case of a 16-year-old male who underwent pulmonary resection for Castleman disease. The tumor was located at the right hilum and measured 10 cm in diameter. The patient underwent an intrapericardial pneumonectomy with a mediastinal lymph node dissection because the tumor showed infiltration into the lung parenchyma, the major pulmonary vessels and the main bronchus. Conclusion: We emphasize that some cases with intrapulmonary Castleman disease may require a pneumonectomy if the tumor is centrally located

Three siblings with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in a nonconsanguineous family: A novel KISS1R/GPR54 loss-of-function mutation

Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is a rare disease caused by defects in the secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) or the action of GnRH on the pituitary gonadotrophes. KISS1R is one of the genes which, when mutated, cause IHH and mutations of this gene are responsible for about 2-5% of patients with normosmic IHH (NIHH). In this report, we present three siblings with NIHH due to a compound heterozygous KISS1R mutation. Genetic studies were carried out in the 14 year old index case with IHH and three siblings, two of whom were prepubertal. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral leukocytes and KISS1R gene was sequenced by using standard polymerase chain reaction amplification procedures. In molecular analysis of the index case, a compound heterozygous mutation was determined in KISS1R gene c.969C>A (p.Y323X) (known pathogenic) and c.170T>C (p.L57P) (novel). Mutation c.170T>C (p.L57P) was inherited from the mother while c.969C>A (p.Y323X) was inherited from the father. The same genotype was also found in two of the three siblings. A compound heterozygous mutation of the KISS1 gene, including one novel mutation, was found to cause NIHH and also incomplete puberty in a non-consanguineous family

Intrauterine Device Localized in the Myometrium

Kadınlar menopoza kadar etkili bir kontrasepsiyon yöntemine ihtiyaç duyarlar. Rahim içi araç (RİA) istenmeyen gebelik insidansını azaltan etkili ve uzun ömürlü bir kontrasepsiyon yöntemidir. Bu çalışmada atipik olarak myometriuma lokalize olmuş RİA tespit edilen 3 yıldır postmenopozda olan kadın hasta sunulmuştur. 53 yaşında, 3 yıldır postmenopoz döneminde olan kadın hasta jinekoloji polikliniğine RİA çıkarılması istemi ile başvurdu. RİA, 13 yıl önce uterin kavite içerisine yerleştirilmiş ve menopoz başlangıç safhasında başarısız bir RİA çıkartım deneme öyküsü mevcuttu. Jinekolojik muayene; serviks atrofik, eksternal servikal os stenotik ve RİA ipi izlenmemekteydi. Transvajinal ultrasonografide RİA ekojenitesi endometrial çizgide izlendi. Yapılan histereskopide ise uterin kavitede RİA izlenmedi. Sonuçta RİA’nın myometriuma penetre olduğuna karar verildi. Hastaya gerekli bilgilendirme yapılarak ek bir müdehale yapılmaksızın taburculuğu gerçekleştirildi. Postmenopozal kadınlarda RİA çıkarılması işlemlerinde myometrial penetrasyon olabileceği akılda tutulmalıdır. Bu olgularda konservatif yaklaşım bir seçenek olabileceği gibi obez olmayan hastalarda histerektomi de yapılabilir.Women require effective contraception until they reach menopause. The intrauterine device (IUD) is an effective and long-acting method that decreases the incidence of unwanted pregnancy. We aimed to present a case of atypical located IUD in a woman experiencing three years menopause. A 53 years old woman attended the gynecological out-patient clinic with expectation of IUD removal. The IUD was inserted into uterine cavity 13 years ago and at the beginning of menopause, there was an unsuccessful IUD removal experiment. In her gynecological examination: cervix was atrophic, external os was stenotic while the string of IUD was not seen. During transvaginal ultrasonography, IUD echogenity was seen in endometrial line. In hysteroscopic uterine cavity observation, there was no IUD. We concluded that the IUD had penetrated into the myometrium. No futher evaluation was done and the patient was informed about the condition of IUD. Myometrial penetration must be kept in mind especially for removal of IUDs in menopausal patients. Conservative management is one of the choices for this condition. Hysterectomy can also be performed on non-obese patients