Yetkin ve Zayıf Okurların Okuma Performansları ile Göz Hareket Parametrelerinin İlişkisi

In this study, we investigated the relations between reading performance and eye movements obtained during reading in fourth-grade high-skilled and low-skilled readers. We examined the relations among students’ reading speed and reading comprehension scores along with their eye movement parameters, as indicated by total reading time, gaze duration, first fixation duration, number of fixations, and number of regressions into areas of interest (AOI) obtained from two text types: Narrative and expository. Correlation analyses were conducted to determine the strength of the relationships among eye movement parameters and reading speed and reading comprehension scores of high-skilled and low-skilled readers. The participants in this study were 38 high-skilled readers (24 girls and 14 boys; mean age = 9.4 years) and 26 low-skilled readers (11 girls and 15 boys; mean age = 9.4 years) who were fourth-grade students. The data obtained from two text types were used to examine the correlations between students’ reading speeds and eye movement parameters and findings showed that as the reading speed of real words increased, fixation durations and fixation numbers decreased, yet as the reading speed of real words decreased, fixation durations increased. These results indicated significant correlations among the reading speed of real words, total reading time, and gaze duration in both text types. We also found similar correlations between the reading speed of high-skilled readers in pseudowords and their total reading time, gaze duration, and the number of fixations in both text types. On the other hand, a correlation between the reading speed of pseudowords and the gaze duration only in narrative text was found in low-skilled readers.Bu çalışmada, dördüncü sınıf yetkin ve zayıf okurların okuma performansları ile okuma esnasında elde edilen göz hareketleri arasındaki ilişkiler araştırılmıştır. Öğrencilerin okuma hızları ve okuduğunu anlama puanları ile öyküleyici ve bilgi verici olmak üzere iki farklı metin türünden ulaşılan toplam okuma süresi, bakma süresi, ilk sabitleme süresi, sabitlemelerin sayısı ve ilgi alanlarına regresyonların sayısı göz hareket parametrelerinin ilişkileri incelenmiştir. Yetkin ve zayıf okurların okuma hızı ve okuduğunu anlama puanları ile göz hareket parametreleri arasındaki ilişkilerin gücünü değerlendirmek için korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın katılımcıları, dördüncü sınıf öğrencisi olan 38 yetkin okur (24 kız ve 14 erkek; yaş ortalaması = 9,4 yıl) ve 26 zayıf okurdur (11 kız ve 15 erkek; yaş ortalaması = 9,4 yıl). Her iki metin türünde de öğrencilerin okuma hızları ile göz hareket parametreleri arasındaki ilişkileri incelediğimiz sonuçlar, okurların anlamlı sözcük okuma hızları arttıkça sabitleme sürelerinin ve sabitleme sayılarının azaldığını ancak anlamlı sözcük okuma hızları azaldıkça sabitleme sürelerinin arttığını göstermiştir. Bu sonuçlar her iki metin türünde de okurların anlamlı sözcük okuma hızları ile toplam okuma ve bakma sürelerinin ilişkilerini ortaya koymuştur. Benzer ilişkiler yetkin okurların anlamsız sözcük okuma hızları ile her iki metinde toplam okuma süresi, bakma süresi ve sabitlemelerin sayısı arasında da belirlenmiştir. Öte yandan zayıf okurların anlamsız sözcük okuma hızları ile sadece öyküleyici metinde bakma süresi arasında ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur

Kümeleme yöntemlerinde BCO, OCO, BOCO ve OBCO algoritmalarının karşılaştırılması

Clustering is a process of dividing the objects into subgroups so that the same set of data is similar, but the data of different clusters is different. The basis of the fuzzy clustering algorithms is the C- Means families and the strongest algorithm is the Fuzzy C-means (FCM) algorithm. In this study; FCM, Possibilistic Fuzzy C-means (PFCM), Fuzzy Possibilistic C-means (FPCM) and Possibilistic C- means (PCM) algorithms are used to classify the several real data sets which are E.coli, wine and seed data sets into different clusters by MATLAB program. Also, the results of PFCM, FPCM, PCM and FCM algorithms are compared according to the classification accuracy, root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). The results show that the PFCM and FPCM algorithms have better performance than FCM and PCM according to criteria for comparing the performances.Kümeleme, nesneleri özelliklerine göre kümelere bölme işlemidir, böylece aynı veri kümesi benzerdir, farklı kümelerin verileri farklıdır. Bulanık kümeleme algoritmalarının temeli C- ortalamalar aileleridir ve en güçlü algoritma Bulanık C- ortalamalar (BCO) algoritmasıdır. Bu çalışmada; BCO, Olabilirlikli Bulanık C-ortalamalar (OBCO), Bulanık Olabilirlikli C-ortalamalar (BOCO) ve Olabilirlikli C- ortalamalar (OCO) algoritmaları, E.koli, şarap ve tohum veri setleri olarak ifade edilen birkaç gerçek veri setini farklı kümeler halinde sınıflandırmak için MATLAB programı vasıtasıyla kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, OBCO, BOCO ve OCO ve BCO algoritmaları sonuçları sınıflandırma doğruluğuna, hata kareler ortalamasının karekökü (HKOK) ve ortalama mutlak hata (OMH) değerlerine göre karşılaştırılmıştır. Deney sonuçları, performans karşılaştırmada kullanılan kriterlere göre OBCO ve BOCO algoritmalarının BCO ve OCO algoritmalarından daha iyi performansa sahip olduğunu göstermektedir

Influence of pore density on thermal development in open-cell metal foam

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Use of Stem Cell Therapy in COVID-19

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is known to cause the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in which many organs and systems such as the lung, heart, and immune system can be severely affected. Currently, the treatment process is generally based on supportive and palliative care. Some potential drugs are being tested for treatment. At this point, perhaps a promising treatment method for many diseases in the future seems to be stem cell therapy in recent times. Stem cell therapy in COVID-19 may be a treatment method that can play an important role, especially in resistant and severe cases. In this review, we summarized the potential mechanisms of stem cell therapy and developments in this treat ment modality

Molecular Characterization of Native Entomopathogenic Fungi from Ambrosia Beetles in Hazelnut Orchards of Turkey and Evaluation of Their In Vitro Efficacy

Ambrosia beetles, Anisandrus dispar Fabricius, Xylosandrus germanus Blandford, and Xyleborinus saxesenii Ratzeburg (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are among the most significant hazelnut pests in Turkey. The control of these pests is difficult and expensive due to their biology. The present study aimed to isolate entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) from A. dispar, X. germanus, and X. saxesenii individuals that were obtained from the main hazelnut production areas of Turkey, characterize the EPF isolates using internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-DNA sequencing and iPBS profiling, and determine the efficacy of the isolates against A. dispar, X. germanus, and X. saxesenii under laboratory conditions. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS revealed that the 47 native isolates were Beauveria bassiana (11), B. pseudobassiana (8), Cordyceps fumosorosea (6), Cordyceps farinosa (1), Akanthomyces lecanii (13), Purpureocillium lilacinum (3), Clonostachys rosea (2) and Metarhizium anisopliae (3). For the first time, the primer binding site (PBS) marker system, based on retrotransposons, was used to discriminate successfully among the EPF species. Some isolates of B. bassiana, B. pseudobassiana, C. fumosorosea, A. lecanii, and M. anisopliae caused 100% mortality of the beetle species within 7 to 9 days. The findings of this study indicated that some isolated entomopathogenic fungi provide an essential basis for the development of bioproducts, as well as a promising alternative method for controlling these ambrosia beetles

Molecular Characterization of Native Entomopathogenic Fungi from Ambrosia Beetles in Hazelnut Orchards of Turkey and Evaluation of Their In Vitro Efficacy

Ambrosia beetles, Anisandrus dispar Fabricius, Xylosandrus germanus Blandford, and Xyleborinus saxesenii Ratzeburg (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are among the most significant hazelnut pests in Turkey. The control of these pests is difficult and expensive due to their biology. The present study aimed to isolate entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) from A. dispar, X. germanus, and X. saxesenii individuals that were obtained from the main hazelnut production areas of Turkey, characterize the EPF isolates using internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-DNA sequencing and iPBS profiling, and determine the efficacy of the isolates against A. dispar, X. germanus, and X. saxesenii under laboratory conditions. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS revealed that the 47 native isolates were Beauveria bassiana (11), B. pseudobassiana (8), Cordyceps fumosorosea (6), Cordyceps farinosa (1), Akanthomyces lecanii (13), Purpureocillium lilacinum (3), Clonostachys rosea (2) and Metarhizium anisopliae (3). For the first time, the primer binding site (PBS) marker system, based on retrotransposons, was used to discriminate successfully among the EPF species. Some isolates of B. bassiana, B. pseudobassiana, C. fumosorosea, A. lecanii, and M. anisopliae caused 100% mortality of the beetle species within 7 to 9 days. The findings of this study indicated that some isolated entomopathogenic fungi provide an essential basis for the development of bioproducts, as well as a promising alternative method for controlling these ambrosia beetles

Serum SCUBE-1 levels and return of spontaneous circulation following cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adult patients

Background SCUBE 1-has been used as a biomarker for the diagnoses of myocardial infarction, stroke, mesenteric ischemia, and gastric cancer in some recent studies. In this study, we investigated the relationship between serum SCUBE-1 levels and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in patients who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Methods Patients over 18 years of age who were not pregnant and received CPR were divided into two groups: those who achieved ROSC and those who died. There were 25 patients in each group. SCUBE-1 and other routine biochemical parameters were studied in blood samples taken at the time of admission. Results There was no significant difference between the age and gender distribution of the patients between the two groups. The SCUBE-1 value of the ROSC group was significantly higher than that of the non-survivor group ( p ˂ 0.05). At a cut-off value of 9 ng/mL, SCUBE-1 had a sensitivity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 65.8%, specificity of 48%, and a negative predictive value of 100% in predicting ROSC. Conclusions The SCUBE-1 values were found to be significantly higher in the ROSC group compared with the non-survivor group

Comparison of Self-reported and Measured Height, Weight and BMI in Turkish University Students

Accuracy and validity of self-reported height and weight, and body image satisfaction have not been yet evaluated particularly in young adult population in Turkey. The aim of the study was to establish the differences between self-reported and measured height and weight, and body mass index (BMI). The study was conducted on 617 university students (304 males and 313 females) aged 17–30 years from Ankara and Sivas, Turkey. Height and weight were measured and obtained by a questionnaire. From both measured and self-reported values for accuracy absolute differences were calculated. BMI was calculated from both self-reported and m

Evaluation of the Prevalence of Obesity and Malnutrition in Preschool Children: The Case of Ankara

Human growth and development are dynamic processes that are shaped by both environmental and genetic factors. In early childhood exposure to negative environmental conditions and monitoring nutritional status are important for general public health. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of malnutrition and obesity in preschool children (36-72 month). It was also aimed to demonstrate the correlation between these variables and socioeconomic statuses. This cross-sectional study was conducted with324 preschool children (163 boys and 161 girls) in a sample representing in Ankara. Height and weight results were recorded according to the International Biological Programme standard protocols, and the values of Body Mass Index and z-score were calculated. Children's nutritional status was determined according to cut off points offered by the World Health Organization. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was found to be 11.11% and 3.40%, respectively. The effects of socioeconomic status on malnutrition and obesity are also included in our study

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Texture Analysis in the Detection of Metastatic Lymph Nodes in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Abstract Aims: To investigate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) texture analysis (TA) in the detection of metastatic lymph nodes in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Material and methods: Between January 2020 and October 2021, 15 NPC patients with 32 metastatic lymph nodes and 30 healthy subjects with benign lymph nodes were included in the study. The texture features compared between metastatic and benign lymph nodes. The independent predictor parameters of metastatic lymph nodes were determined using multivariate regression analysis. Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the regression models. Results: The first order texture features did not differ significantly between groups (p>0.05). Except for correlation in metastatic lymph nodes, all gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and gray-level run length matrix (GLRLM) features were significantly different (p<0.05). The GLCM features of joint entropy, joint energy, and maximum probability; and the GLRLM features of gray level non uniformity and low gray level run emphasis were independent predictors of metastatic lymph nodes. The area under the curve (AUC) values for the GLCM regression model and GLRLM regression model were 0.975 and 0.928, respectively. Conclusion: MRI texture analysis may be useful to detect metastatic lymph nodes in patients with NPC by providing quantitative information on tissue heterogeneity and cellular composition