Human growth and development are dynamic processes that are shaped by both environmental and genetic factors. In early childhood exposure to negative environmental conditions and monitoring nutritional status are important for general public health. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of malnutrition and obesity in preschool children (36-72 month). It was also aimed to demonstrate the correlation between these variables and socioeconomic statuses. This cross-sectional study was conducted with324 preschool children (163 boys and 161 girls) in a sample representing in Ankara. Height and weight results were recorded according to the International Biological Programme standard protocols, and the values of Body Mass Index and z-score were calculated. Children's nutritional status was determined according to cut off points offered by the World Health Organization. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was found to be 11.11% and 3.40%, respectively. The effects of socioeconomic status on malnutrition and obesity are also included in our study
