The First Indictable Stage of Crime in Turkish Criminal Law

It is very hard to generate a set of criteria to separate preparatory from executive acts. This fact can be considered as a necessity. At the same time this also reflects the vulnerability of the legality principle. The distinction between preparatory acts and the executive acts is one of the most controversial issues in modern criminal law. In Turkish Penal Code, the sole criterion regarding the beginning of executive acts is reflected in Art. 35 which states”A person who (directly) acts”. This in fact is not a clear formulation and unable to answer the question of when exactly the executive acts start. Therefore, the Turkish courts, especially the Supreme Court (Yargıtay), are inspiring from the Turkish doctrine which takes advantages of various theories below, adopts and updates new measures and criteria to separate preparatory acts from executive ones

Synthesis and structural characterization of trans-bis[1,3-bis(methoxy- ethyl)-4,5-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazolidin-2-ylidene]dichloro- palladium(II)

A Pd(II) complex of a new N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand with bulky substituents and functionalized methoxy-donor side arms has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, 1H and 13C NMR, and IR spectroscopy. Molecular and crystal structures of the title complex have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c, with a = 15.927(2), b = 8.489(2), c = 20.309(5) Å, β = 99.213(2)°, Z = 2, Dx = 1.253 g cm-3. The palladium atom is situated on an inversion center. There are several weak intramolecular C-H⋯N/O interactions. © 2007 Verlag der Zeitschrift für Naturforschung

Development of Pseudoscience Belief Scale (PBS): Validity and Reliability Study

Bu araştırmada sözde-bilimsel inanışları açığa çıkarmayı hedefleyen hem geçerli hem de güvenilir bir ölçme aracı geliştirilmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu araştırma İstanbul ilinde üç farklı ortaokulun sekizinci sınıfında öğrenim gören 207 öğrenci ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ölçek geliştirme süreci sekiz aşamada yürütülmüştür: (i) literatür tarama ve madde havuzu oluşturma, (ii) hedef kitle ile yarı-yapılandırılmış mülakat, (iii) kapsam ve görünüş geçerliği çalışması – uzman görüşü, (iv) ön uygulama aşaması, (v) esas uygulama aşaması, (vi) güvenirlik hesaplamaları, (vii) yapı geçerliği çalışması ve (viii) güvenirlik belirleme aşamasıdır. İlk aşamada geçmiş çalışmalardan da yararlanarak bir madde havuzu oluşturulmuş ve daha sonra kapsam ve görünüş geçerliğini sağlamak için bu maddeler uzman görüşüne sunulmuştur. Gelen dönütleri takiben sekizinci sınıf öğrencileri ile yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatlar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu aşamadan sonra pilot çalışma gerçekleştirilerek anlaşılmayan maddeler taslak ölçekten çıkarılmıştır. Esas uygulama ile toplanan veriler güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Güvenirlik analizi sonucunda üst grup ile alt grup puanları arasında anlamlı farklılık olmayan ve iç tutarlığı düşüren beş madde ölçekten çıkarılmıştır. Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) ile toplam 22 madde olan ölçeğin üç boyut altında toplandığı belirlenmiştir: Sözdefiziksel iddialar, sözde-öngörüsel iddialar ve sözde-medikal iddialar. Açıklanan toplam varyans %42,81 olarak hesaplanmış ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) aşamasına geçilmiştir. Toplam 214 kişiden oluşan farklı bir grup öğrenci ile gerçekleştirilen doğrulayıcı faktör analizi uyum indeksleri (? 2/sd =2.31, RMSEA=.078, CFI=.90, SRMR=.083) değerleri incelendiğinde modelin uyumlu olduğu görülmüştür. Path diyagramından elde edilen t değerleri incelendiğinde bir maddenin faktörler uyumlu olmadığı tespit edilmiş ve ölçekten çıkarılmasına karar verilmiştir. Güvenirlik çalışmaları ile bütün ölçeğe ait McDonald Omega (??) güvenirlik katsayısı .91, alt boyutlar için de sözde-fiziksel iddialar = .85, sözde-öngörüsel iddialar = .81, ve sözde-medikal iddialar = .71 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen analiz sonuçları sözde-bilim inanış ölçeğinin hem geçerli hem de güvenilir bir araç olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool for revealing pseudoscientific beliefs. The research was conducted with 207 eighth grade students from three different secondary schools in Istanbul. Scale development process was carried out in eight stages: (i) literature review and formation of the item pool, (ii) semi-structured interviews with the target group, (iii) content and appearance validity – expert opinions, (iv) preapplication stage, (v) main application stage, (vi) reliability computation, (vii) structural validity analysis and (viii) reliability analysis. First, a literature review was made using past research, then the items obtained from the literature were submitted to expert opinions for achieving content and appearance validity. After getting their feed-back, semistructured interviews were conducted with eighth grade students about the items. Afterwards pilot interviews were conducted and the items, which were not understandable, were removed from the scale. Reliability and validity analysis of the data gathered through the main application were performed. As a result of the reliability analysis five items, which lacked significant difference between top and bottom groups and which were decreasing internal consistency, were removed from the scale. Explanatory factor analysis determined that the items of this 22-items scale were grouped under three dimensions: pseudophysical claims, pseudopredictive claims and pseudomedical claims. Total variance explained by the scale was calculated as 42.81% and confirmatory factor analysis stage has begun. When the confirmatory factor analysis fit indices were examined with a total 214 different group of students (? 2 /sd =2.31, RMSEA=.078, CFI=.90, SRMR=.083), it showed that the model is fitting. When the t values obtained from path diagram were examined it was determined that the one item was not compatible with its factor and it was decided to be removed from the scale. At the end of reliability analysis, McDonald Omega (??) reliability coefficient of the overall scale was found to be .91, whereas this value was .85 for pseudophysical claims, .81 for pseudopredictive claims and .71 for pseudomedical claims. The results of the analysis show that pseudoscientific belief scale is a valid and reliable measurement too

Analysis of the News Published Regarding the Turkish World in the Context of Public Diplomacy

Mass media is one of the primary environments in which public diplomacy, which is seen as a way of creating a positive image of the peoples and intellectuals of different countries and cultural attraction between countries, is maintained. Online news platforms, which are among these tools, are at the center of news production and distribution activities at the international level. While online news platforms allow the execution of journalism activities beyond the boundaries of time and space with their network infrastructure, they are preferred by the readers for reasons such as speed, the structure that allows interaction, easy accessibility and variety of content.The aim of this study are to reveal the framing of the news in Turkmen, Uzbek, Kyrgyz and Kazakh on the TRT Avaz’s website in the context of public diplomacy. In the content analysis for the news in four languages on the TRT Avaz’s website; It has been concluded that general news frames are about human and place interest and responsibility, and news about political/military and cultural public diplomacy are mostly included. In addition, the news intensely conveys monologue and short-term developments to disseminate information about countries

Di-μ-acetato-κ4 O:O′-bis­{[2-(2-pyrid­yl)phenyl-κ2 C,N]palladium(II)}

In the title complex, [Pd2(C11H8N)2(C2H3O2)2], each PdII ion has a distorted square-planar environment, being surrounded by one C, one N and two O atoms. The Pd⋯Pd distance is 2.8721 (3) Å. In the crystal structure, the mol­ecules are linked by inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions

Challenges for Developing Complex System Governance

This paper examines the challenges and practice implications for Complex System Governance (CSG). CSG is presented as an emerging field focused on the design, execution, and evolution of the higher order (metasystem) functions necessary to provide control, communication, coordination, and integration of a complex system. This paper is focused on three primary objectives. First, we introduce the complex system problem domain that the CSG field is being designed to address. The pervasiveness of this problem domain is demonstrated by a short examination of the water utilities sector. Second, we expound the nature of CSG and an emerging reference model that defines the functions of CSG. These functions must be performed by any system that maintains viability (continued existence). The CSG reference model rests on the underlying conceptual foundations built from Systems Theory (axioms and propositions governing system integration and coordination) and Management Cybernetics (communication and control for effective system organization). Third, we explore the particular challenges that must be addressed if the potential of the emerging CSG field is to be realized. The paper concludes by suggesting the potential that the CSG field brings for enhancing practitioner capabilities to more effectively deal with complex systems and their associated problems

Canine Filariosis Around Istanbul, Turkey Employing the Naphtol AS-TR Phosphatase Technique

The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of filarial nematodes in dogs in Istanbul, Turkey and identify the species by using naphtol AS-TR phosphatase technique. A total of 286 blood samples were taken from the dogs of different areas of Istanbul, Turkey, between March 1999 and November 2002. The Knott technique was used to detect the microfilariae in blood. Two dogs were found to be positive for microfilariae. The positive blood samples were stained by naphtol AS-TR phosphatase for differentiation. The microfilariae were identified as Dipetalonema recondition. In this study, differentiation of canine microfilaria based on somatic distribution of acid phosphatase activity was performed for the first time and according to these results D. reconditum was reported for the first time from Turkey

Kartezyen hesaplama ağları kullanılarak iki boyutlu sıkıştırılabilir akışlar için laminar navier-stokes çözücüsü geliştirilmesi

TÜBİTAK MAG01.05.201